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Latin ^ G-reePCj SyviaCj Hebrew. 



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©^H|. ©npgrig^l Ifc- 

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Arnold, T. K. First and Second Latin Book and Practical Grammar. By Spen- 
cer. 12mo. 

Latin Prose Composition. 12mo. 

Cornelius Nepos. With Notes. 12mo. 

Beza. Latin Testame nt. 12mo. 

Butler, Nob _ ~~ j d Catiline, with. 

Notes and 

Caesar. See l 
Cicero. See ] 
Cornelius Ni 

Crosby, W. \ wider the Great. 

Edited anc 

Frieze, Hen 

12mo. 

Terg 

Verg 1 l >n. 12mo. 

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— A Vergilian Dictionary, embracing all the Words in the Eclogues, Georgics, 

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A Latin Grammar, for Schools and Colleges. Revised edition. 13S1. 
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UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 



Standard Classical Text-Books. 



Harkness, Albert. Series of Latin Text-Books. 12mo : 

A Practical Introduction to Latin Composition. For Schools and Colleges. 
Caesar's Commentaries on the Gallic "War. With Notes, Dictionary, etc. 
Preparatory Course in Latin Prose Authors, comprising- Four Books of Caesar's 
Gallic War, Sallust's Catiline, and Eight Orations of Cicero. With Notes, 
Illustrations, a Map of Gaul, and a Special Dictionary. 
Sallust's Catiline. With Notes and a Special Dictionary. 
Cicero's Select Orations. With Note6, etc. 
The same, with Notes and Dictionary. 

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Xindsay, T. B. Cornelius Nepos. With Notes, Vocabulary, Index, and Exercises. 
Illustrated. 12m o. 

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SALLUST'S CATILINE, 



EXPLANATORY NOTES AND A SPECIAL VOCABULARY. 



BY 

ALBERT BARENESS, Ph. D., 

PROFESSOR IN BROWN UNIVERSITY. 



ADAPTED TO THE AUTHOR'S REVISED STANDARD GRAMMAR. 

NEW YORK: 
D. APPLETON AND COMPANY, 

1, 3, and 5 BOND STREET, 
1884. 



COPYRIGHT BY 

ALBERT HAEKNESS 
1878. 



COPYRIGHT BY 

ALB E E T HAEKNESS 
1884. 



PREFACE. 



This edition of Sallust's "Work on the Conspiracy of 
Catiline has been prepared expressly for school use. 
As a part of a regular course of Latin study, it is in- 
tended to follow Caesar's Commentaries on the Gallic 
War, but to precede the Orations of Cicero. 

In the preparation of the Notes, the editor has re- 
sorted freely to such sources of information as were 
within his reach ; but he has endeavored to adapt his 
instructions to the special needs of the student during 
the more elementary stages of classical study. A learned 
commentary would be manifestly out of place in a school 
edition of Sallust. 

The notes are not intended to interfere with that 
course of direct personal instruction which belongs ex- 
clusively to the living teacher, but rather to prepare the 
way for it. They aim to aid the student in surmount- 
ing real and untried difficulties of construction and 
idiom, and to furnish him such collateral information as 
will enable him to understand, appreciate, and enjoy his 
author. They are arranged topically in such a manner 
as to keep the general scope of thought as constantly as 
possible before his mind. 



iv 



PREFACE. 



The Vocabulary has been prepared by Mr. Edward 
H. Cutler, the accomplished Principal of the Classical 
Department of the Providence High School. 

The Text is the result of a careful collation of the 
several editions most approved by European scholars. 
It is based, however, chiefly upon the critical labors of 
Dietsch, Jordan, and Jacobs, with constant reference to. 
the authority of the best manuscripts, as presented in 
the works of those distinguished editors. 

A. Harkkess. 

Brown University, June, 1878. 



OUTLINE OF THE LIFE OF SALLUST. 



Gaius Sallustius Crispus, the historian, was Tborn 86 
B. C, at Amiternum, in the country of the Sabines. Of his 
early life little is known that is really worth recording. At 
the age of 36, after having held in succession the offices of 
quaestor and tribune of the people, he was expelled from 
the Roman senate, either because of his profligate habits or 
in consequence of the political intrigues of the day. Three 
years later, however, he succeeded in regaining his seat in 
that body by an election to the praetorship. Subsequently 
his devotion to the cause of Caesar secured him the appoint- 
ment of governor of Numidia, but his administration seems 
to have been characterized by injustice and cruelty. 

Returning to Rome with immense wealth, Sallust retired 
to private life, and devoted himself to literary pursuits. 
He purchased extensive grounds on the Quirinal Hill, and 
laid them out in a most expensive and magnificent manner. 
These grounds, afterward the favorite resort of Augustus 
and his successors, are still known as the Gardens of Sallust. 

Sallust died in the midst of his literary career at the 
early age of 52. He was already the author of three his- 
torical works, the Conspiracy of Catiline, the Jugurthine 
War, and a History of Rome from the death of Sulla to the 
Mithridatic War. Of the last, only a few fragments are 
extant. The History of Catiline's Conspiracy is contained 
in the present volume, and is commended to the learner as 
an interesting and important chapter in Roman history. 



C. SALLUSTII CRISPI 

DE 

COJSTJURATIO^E CATXLINAE 

LIBEE. 



I. Omnes homines, qui sese student praestare ceteris 
animalibus, sum ma ope niti decet, ne vitam silentio trans- 
eant veluti pecora, quae natura prona atque ventri oboe- 
dientia finxit. Sed nostra omnis vis in animo et corpore 
sita est: animi imperio, corporis servitio magis utimur ; 5 
alterum nobis cum deis, alterum cum beluis commune est. 
Quo mihi rectius videtur ingenii quam virium opibus 
gloriam quaerere, et, quoniam vita ipsa qua fruimur brevis 
est, memoriam nostri quam maxime longam efficere. Nam 
divitiarum et formae gloria fluxa atque fragilis est, virtus 10 
clara aeternaque habetur. 

Sed diu magnum inter mortales certamen fuit, vine 
corporis an virtute animi res militaris magis procederet. 
Nam et prius quam incipias consulto, et ubi consulueris 
mature facto opus est. Ita utrumque per se indigens al- 15 
terum arteritis auxilio eget. 

II. Igitur initio reges — nam in terris nomen imperii id 
primum fuit — diversi, pars ingenium, alii corpus exerce- 
bant : etiam turn vita hominum sine cupiditate agitabatur, 
sua cuique satis placebant. Postea vero quam in Asia 20 
Cyrus, in Graecia Lacedaemonii et Athenienses coepere 
urbes atque nationes subigere, libidinem dominandi causam 



2 



C. SALLUSTII CRISPI LIBER 



belli habere, maxim am gloriam in maximo imperio putare, 
turn demum periculo atque negotiis compertum est in bello 
plurimum ingenium posse. Quod si regum atque impera- 
torum animi virtus in pace ita ut in bello valeret, aequa- 
5 bilius atque constantius sese res humanae haberent, neque 
aliud alio ferri neque mutari ac misceri omnia cerneres. 
Nam imperium facile eis artibus retinetur, quibus initio 
partum est ; verum ubi pro labore desidia, pro continentia 
et aequitate libido atque superbia invasere, fortuna simul 

10 cum moribus immutatur. Ita imperium semper ad optimum 
quemque a minus bono transfertur. 

Quae homines arant, navigant, aedificant, virtuti omnia 
parent. Sed multi mortales, dediti ventri atque somno, 
indocti incultique, vitam sicuti peregrinantes transiere : 

15 quibus profecto contra naturam corpus voluptati, anima 
oneri fuit. Eorum ego vitam mortemque juxta aestimo, 
quoniam de utraque siletur. Verum enimvero is demum 
mihi vivere atque frui anima videtur, qui aliquo negotio 
intentus praeclari facinoris aut artis bonae famam quaerit. 

20 Sed in magna copia rerum aliud alii natura iter ostendit. 
III. Pulchrum est bene facere rei publicae, etiam bene 
dicere haud absurdum est : vel pace vel bello clarum fieri 
licet ; et qui fecere et qui facta aliorum scripsere multi 
laudantur. Ac mihi quidem, tametsi haudquaquam par 

25 gloria sequitur scriptorem et actorem rerum, tamen in 
primis arduum videtur res gestas scribere : primum quod 
facta dictis exaequanda sunt, dehinc quia plerique quae 
delicta reprehenderis malevolentia et invidia dicta putant, 
ubi de magna virtute atque gloria bonorum memores, quae 

SO sibi quisque f acilia factu putat aequo animo accipit, supra 
ea veluti ficta pro f alsis ducit. • 

Sed ego adulescentulus initio sicuti plerique studio ad 
rem publicam latus sum, ibique mihi multa adversa fuere. 
Nam pro pudore, pro abstinentia, pro virtute, audacia, lar- 

35 gitio, avaritia vigebant. Quae tametsi animus aspernabatur, 
insolens malarum artium, tamen inter tanta vitia imbecilla 
aetas ambitione corrupta tenebatur : ac me, quum ab reli- 



DE CATILINAE CONJURATIONE. 



3 



quorum malis moribus dissentirem, nihilo minus honoris 
cupido eadem qua ceteros fama atque invidia vexabat. 

IV. Igitur ubi animus ex multis miseriis atque periculis 
requievit, et mihi reliquam aetatem a re publica procul 
habendam decrevi, non fuit consilium socordia atque de- 5 
sidia bonum otium conterere, neque vero agrum colendo aut 
venando, servilibus ofnciis, intentum aetatem agere ; sed a 
quo incepto studioque me ambitio mala detinuerat, eodem 
regressus, statui res gestas populi Romani carptim, ut 
quaeque memoria digna videbantur, perscribere ; eo magis, 10 
quod mihi a spe, metu, partibus rei publicae animus liber 
erat. 

Igitur de Catilinae conjuratione, quam verissime potero, 
paucis absolvam : nam id facinus in primis ego memorabile 
existimo sceleris atque periculi novitate. De cujus hominis 15 
moribus pauca prius explananda sunt quam initium nar- 
randi f aciam. 

V. Lucius Catilina nobili genere natus, fuit magna vi 
et animi et corporis, sed ingenio malo pravoque. Huic ab 
adulescentia bella intestina, caedes, rapinae, discordia ci- 20 
vilis grata fuere, ibique juventutem suam exercuit. Cor- 
pus patiens mediae, algoris, vigiliae supra quam cuiquam 
credibile est. Animus audax, subdolus, varius, cujus rei 
libet simulator ac dissimulator; alieni appetens, sui pro- 
fusus, ardens in cupiditatibus ; satis eloquentiae, sapientiae 25 
parum : vastus animus immoderata, incredibilia, nimis alta 
semper cupiebat. Hunc post dominationem L. Sullae libi- 
do maxima invaserat rei publicae capiundae, neque id qui- 
bus modis assequeretur, dum sibi regnum pararet, quic- 
quam pensi habebat. Agitabatur magis magisque in dies SO 
animus ferox inopia rei familiaris et conscientia scelerum, 
quae utraque eis artibus auxerat quas supra memoravi. 
Incitabant praeterea corrupti civitatis mores, quos pes- 
sima ac diversa inter se mala, luxuiia atque avaritia, vexa- 
bant. 35 

Res ipsa hortari videtur, quoniam de moribus civitatis 
tempus admonuit, supra repetere ac paucis instituta majo- 



4 



C. SALLUSTII CRISPI LIBER 



rum domi militiaeque, quo modo rem publicam habuerint 
quantamque reliquerint, ut paulatim immutata ex pulcher- 
rima atque optima pessima ac flagitiosissima facta sit, dis- 
serere. 

5 VI. Urbem Romam, sicuti ego accepi, condidere atque 
habuere initio Trojani, qui Aenea duce profugi sedibus 
incertis vagabantur, cumque eis Aborigines, genus homi- 
nura agreste, sine legibus, sine imperio, liberum atque so- 
lutum. Hi postquam in una moenia convenere, dispari 

10 genere, dissimili lingua, alii alio more viventes, incredibile 
memoratu est quam facile coaluerint. Sed postquam res 
eorum, civibus moribus agris aucta, satis prospera satisque 
pollens videbatur, sicuti pleraque mortalium habentur, in- 
vidia ex opulentia orta est. Igitur reges populique finiti- 

15 mi bello tentare, pauci ex amicis auxilio esse ; nam ceteri 
metu perculsi a periculis aberant. At Romani domi militi- 
aeque intenti festinare, parare, alius alium hortari, hosti- 
bus obviam ire, libertatem, patriam parentesque armis 
tegere. Post, ubi pericula virtute propulerant, sociis atque 

20 amicis auxilia portabant, magisque dandis quam accipiundis 
beneficiis amicitias parabant. 

Imperium legitimum, nomen imperii regium habebant ; 
delecti quibus corpus annis infirmum, ingenium sapientia 
validum erat, rei publicae consultabant ; ei vel aetate vel 

25 curae similitudine patres appeilabantur. Post, ubi regium 
imperium, quod initio conservandae libertatis atque au- 
gendae rei publicae fuerat, in superbiam dominationemque 
se convertit, immutato more annua imperia binosque im- 
peratores sibi fecere : eo modo minime posse putabant per 

30 licentiam insolescere animum humanum. 

VII. Sed ea tempestate coepere se quisque magis ex- 
tollere magisque ingenium in prompt u habere. Nam regi- 
bus boni quam mali suspectiores sunt, semperque eis aliena 
virtus formidulosa est. Sed civitas, incredibile memoratu 

35 est, adepta libertate quantum brevi creverit : tanta cupido 
gloriae incesserat. Jam primum juventus, simul ac belli 
patiens erat, in castris per laborem usu militiam discebat, 



DE CATILINAE CONJURATIONE. 



5 



magisque in decoris armis et militaribus equis quam in 
scortis atque conviviis libidinem habebant. Igitur talibus 
viris non labor insolitus, non locus ullus asper aut arduus 
erat, non armatus hostis formidulosus : virtus omnia do- 
muerat. Sed gloriae maximum certamen inter ipsos erat : 5 
se quisque hostem ferire, murum ascendere, conspici dum 
tale facinus faceret, properabat ; eas divitias, earn bonam 
famam magnamque nobilitatem putabant ; laudis avidi, 
pecuniae liberales erant; gloriam ingentem, divitias ho- 
nestas volebant. Memorare possem, quibus in locis maxi- 10 
mas hostium copias populus Romanus parva manu fuderit, 
quas urbes natura munitas pugnando ceperit, ni ea res 
longius nos ab incepto traheret. 

VIII. Sed prof ecto f ortuna in omni re dominatur : ea 
res cunctas ex libidine magis quam ex vero celebrat ob- 15 
scuratque. Atheniensium res gestae, sicut ego aestimo, 
satis amplae magnificaeque fuere, verum aliquanto minore3 
tamen quam fama feruntur. Sed quia provenere ibi scrip- 
torum magna ingenia, per terrarum orbem Atheniensium 
facta pro maximis celebrantur. Ita eorum qui f ecere virtus 20 
tanta habetur, quantum earn verbis potuere extollere prae- 
clara ingenia. At populo Romano nunquam ea copia f uit, 
quia prudentissimus quisque maxime negotiosus erat ; in- 
genium nemo sine corpore exercebat ; optimus quisque 
facere quam dicere ; sua ab aliis bene facta laudari quam 25 
ipse aliorum narrare malebat. 

IX. Igitur do mi militiaeque boni mores colebantur ; 
concordia maxima, minima avaritia erat ; jus bonumque 
apud eos non legibus magis quam natura valebat. Jurgia, 
discordias, simultates cum hostibua exercebant ; cives cum 30 
civibus de virtute certabant : in suppliciis deorum mag- 
nified domi parci, in amicos fideles erant. Duabus his arti- 
bus, audacia in bello, ubi pax evenerat aequitate, seque 
remque publicam curabant. Quarum rerum ego maxima 
documenta haec habeo, quod in bello saepius vindicatum 35 
est in eos qui contra imperium in hostem pugnaverant, 
quique tardius revocati proelio excesserant, quam qui signa 



6 



C. SALLUSTII CRISPI LIBER 



relinquere aut pulsi loco cedere ausi erant ; in pace vero, 
quod beneficiis magis quam metu imperium agitabant, et 
accepta injuria ignoscere quam persequi malebant. 

X, Sed ubi labore atque justitia res publica crevit, 
5 reges magni bello domiti, nationes ferae et populi ingentes 

vi subacti, Karthago, aemula imperii Romani, ab stirpe 
interiit, cuncta maria terraeque patebant, saevire fortuna 
ac miscere omnia coepit. Qui labores, pericula, dubias 
atque asperas res facile toleraverant, eis otium, divitiae, 

10 optanda alias, oneri miseriaeque fuere. Igitur primo pe- 
cuniae, deinde imperii cupido crevit : ea quasi materies 
omnium malorum fuere. Namque avaritia fidem, probita-? 
tern ceterasque artes bonas subvertit ; pro his superbiam, 
crudelitatem, deos neglegere, omnia venalia habere edocirit. 

15 Ambitio multos mortales falsos fieri subegit, aliud clausum 
in pectore, aliud in lingua promptum habere, amicitias 
inimicitiasque non ex re sed ex commodo aestimare, magis- 
que vultum quam ingenium bonum habere. 

Haec primo paulatim crescere, interdum vindicari; 

20 post, ubi contagio quasi pestilentia invasit, civitas im- 
mutata, imperium ex justissimo atque optimo crudele 
intolerandumque factum. 

XI. Sed primo magis ambitio quam avaritia animos 
hominum exercebat, quod tamen vitium propius virtutem 

25 erat. Nam gloriam, honorem, imperium bonus et ignavus 
aeque sibi exoptant ; sed ille vera via nititur, huic quia bo- 
nae artes desunt, dolis atque fallaciis contendit. Avaritia 
pecuniae studium habet, quam nemo sapiens concupivit; 
ea, quasi venenis malis imbuta, corpus animumque virilem 

SO effeminat, semper infmita, insatiabilis est, neque copia 
neque inopia minuitur. Sed postquam L. Sulla, armis re- 
cepta re publica, bonis initiis malos eventus habuit, rapere 
omnes, trahere, domum alius, alius agros cupere, neque 
modum neque modestiam victores habere, foeda crudelia- 

85 que in cives facinora facere. Hue accedebat, quod L. 
Sulla exercitum, quern in Asia ductaverat, quo sibi fidum 
faceret, contra morem majorum luxuriose nimisque liberali- 



DE CATILINAE CONJUHATIONE. 7 

ter habuerat, loca amoena, voluptaria, facile in otio feroces 
militum animos molliverant* Ibi priraum insuevit exer- 
citus populi Romani amare, potare, signa, tabulas pictas, 
vasa caelata mirari, ea privatim et publice rapere, delubra 
spoliare, sacra profanaque omnia polluere. Igitur ei mili- 5 
tes postquam victoriam adepti sunt, nihil reliqui victis 
fecere. Quippe secundae res sapientium animos fatigant ; 
ne illi corruptis moribus victoriae temperarent. 

XII. Postquam divitiae honori esse coepere, et eas 
gloria, imperium, potentia sequebatur, hebescere virtus, 10 
paupertas probro haberi, innocentia pro malevolentia duci 
coepit. Igitur ex divitiis juventutem luxuria atque ava- 
ritia cum superbia invasere : rapere, consumere, sua parvi 
pendere, aliena cupere ; pudorem, pudicitiam, divina atque 
humana promiscua, nihil pensi neque moderati habere. 15 
Operae pretium est, quum domos atque villas cognoveris 
in urbium modum exaedificatas, visere templa deorum, 
quae nostri majores, religiosissimi mortales, fecere. Ve- 
rum iili delubra deorum pietate, domos suas gloria decora- 
bant, neque victis quicquam praeter injuriae licentiam 20 
eripiebant. At hi contra, ignavissimi homines, per sum- 
mum scelus omnia ea sociis adimere, quae fortissimi viri 
victores reliquerant : proinde quasi injur iam facere id de- 
mum esset imperio uti. 

XIIL Nam quid ea memorem, quae nisi eis qui videre 25 
nemini credibilia sunt, a privatis compluribus subversos 
montes, maria constrata esse ? Quibus mihi videntur lu- 
dibrio fuisse divitiae ; quippe, quas honeste habere licebat, 
abuti per turpitudinem properabant. Sed libido ganeae 
ceterique cultus non minor incesserat ; vescendi causa terra 30 
marique omnia exquirere ; dormire prius quam somni cupi- 
do esset; non famem aut sitim, neque frigus neque lassi- 
tudinem opperiri, sed ea omnia luxu antecapere. Haec 
juventutem, ubi familiares opes defecerant, ad facinora 
incendebant: animus imbutus malis artibus haud facile 35 
libidinibus carebafc ; eo profusius omnibus modis quaestui 
atque sumptui deditus erat. 



8 



C. SALLUSTII CRISPI LIBER 



XIV. In tanta tamque corrupta civitate Catilina, id 
quod factu facillimum erat, omnium flagitiorum atque faci- 
norum circum se tamquam stipatorum catervas habebat. 
Nam quicumque impudicus, adulter, ganeo bona patria 

5 laceraverat, quique alienum aes grande connaverat quo 
flagitium aut facinus redimeret, praeterea omnes undique 
parricidae, sacrilegi, convicti judiciis aut pro factis judici- 
um timentes, ad hoc quos manus atque lingua perjurio 
aut sanguine civili alebat, postremo omnes quos flagitium, 

10 egestas, conscius animus exagitabat, ei Catilinae proximi 
familiaresque erant. Quod si quis etiam a culpa vacuus in 
amicitiam ejus inciderat, cotidiano usu atque illecebris 
facile par similisque ceteris emciebatur. Sed maxime 
adulescentium familiaritates appetebat : eorum animi mol- 

15 les aetate et fluxi dolis haud dimculter capiebantur. Nam 
ut cujusque studium ex aetate flagrabat, aliis scorta prae- 
bere, aliis canes atque equos mercari, postremo neque 
sumptui neque modestiae suae parcere, dum illos obnoxios 
fidosque sibi f aceret. Scio fuisse nonnullos qui ita existi- 

20 marent, juventutem, quae domum Catilinae frequentabat, 
parum honeste pudicitiam habuisse ; sed ex aliis rebus 
magis, quam quod cuiquam id compertum foret, haec fama 
valebat. 

XV. Jam primum adulescens Catilina multa nefanda 
25 stupra fecerat, cum virgine nobili, cum sacerdote Vestae, 

alia hujusce modi contra jus fasque. Postremo captus 
amore Aureliae Orestillae, cujus praeter formam nihil un- 
quam bonus laudavit, quod ea nubere illi dubitabat timens 
priyignum adultum aetate, pro certo creditur necato filio 

30 vacuam domum scelestis nuptiis fecisse. Quae quidem res 
mihi in primis videtur causa fuisse facinoris maturandi. 
Namque animus impurus, deis hominibusque infestus, ne- 
que vigiliis neque quietibus sedari poterat : ita conscientia 
mentem excitam vastabat. Igitur colos ei exsanguis, foedi 

35 oculi, citus modo modo tardus incessus : prorsus in facie 
yultuque vecordia inerat. 

XVI. Sed juventutem, quam, ut supra diximus, illexe- 



DE CATILINAE CONJURATIONE. 



9 



rat, multis modis mala facinora edocebat. Ex illis testes 
signatoresque falsos commodare ; fidem, fortunas, pericula 
vilia habere, post, ubi eorum famam atque pudorem at- 
triverat, majora alia imperabat ; si causa peccandi in prae- 
sens minus suppetebat, nihilo minus insontes sicuti sontes 5 
circumvenire, jugulare : scilicet, ne per otium torpescerent 
manus aut animus, gratuito potius malus atque crudelis 
erat. Eis amicis sociisque confisus Catilina, simul quod 
aes alienum per omnes terras ingens erat, et quod plerique 
Sullani milites, largius suo usi, rapinarum etvictoriae vete- 10 
ris memores, civile bellum exoptabant, opprimendae rei 
publicae consilium cepit. In Italia nullus exercitus, Cn. 
Pompeius in extremis terris bellum gerebat ; ipsi consula- 
tum petenti magna spes ; senatus nihil sane intentus ; 
tutae tranquillaeque res omnes : sed ea prorsus opportuna 15 
Catilinae. 

XVIL Igitur circiter Kalendas Junias, L. Caesare et 
C. Figulo consulibus, primo singulos appellare : hortari 
alios, alios tentare; opes suas, imparatam rem publicam, 
magna praemia conjurationis docere. Ubi satis explorata 20 
sunt quae voluit, in unum omnes convocat, quibus maxima 
necessitudo et plurimum audaciae inerat. Eo convenere 
senatorii ordinis P. Lentulus Sura, P. Autronius, L. Cas- 
sius Longinus, C. Cethegus, Publius et Servius Sullae 
Servii filii, L. Vargunteius, Q. Annius, M. Porcius Laeca, 25 
L. Bestia, Q. Curius ; praeterea ex equestri ordine M. Ful- 
vius Nobilior, L. Statilius, P. Gabinius Capito, C. Corne- 
lius ; ad hoc multi ex coloniis et municipiis, domi nobiles. 
Erant praeterea complures paulo occultius consilii hujusce 
participes nobiles, quos magis dominationis spes hortabatur 30 
quam inopia aut alia necessitudo. Ceterum juventus plera- 
que, sed maxime nobilium, Catilinae inceptis favebat : qui- 
bus in otio vel magaifice vel molliter vivere copia erat, 
incerta pro certis, bellum quam pacem malebant. Fuere 
item ea tempestate qui crederent M. Licinium Crassum 35 
non ignarum ejus consilii fuisse ; quia Cn. Pompeius, in- 
visus ipsi, magnum exerciturn ductabat, cujusvis opes 



10 



C. SALLUSTII CKISPI LIBER 



voluisse contra illius potentiam crescere, simul confisum, 
si conjuratio valuisset, facile apud illos principem se 
fore. 

XVIII. Sed antea item conjuravere pauci contra rem 
6 publicam, in quibus Catilina fuit : de qua quam verissime 
potero dicam. L. Tullo et M\ Lepido consulibus, P. Au- 
tronius et P. Sulla, designati consules, legibus ambitus 
interrogati poenas dederant. Post paulo Catilina, pecunia : 
rum repetundarum reus, prohibitus erat consulatum pete- 

10 re, quod intra legitimos dies profiteri nequiverat. Erat 
eodem tempore Cn. Piso, adulescens nobilis, summae au- 
daciae, egens, f aetiosus, quern ad perturbandam rem publi- 
cam inopia atque mali mores stimulabant. Cum hoc Cati- 
lina et Autronius circiter Nonas Decembres, consilio com- 

15 municato, parabant in Capitolio Kalendis Januariis L. Cot- 
tam et L. Torquatum consules interficere, ipsi fascibus 
correptis Pisonem cum exercitu ad obtinendas duas His- 
panias mittere. Ea re cognita, rursus in Nonas Februarias 
consilium caedis transtulerant. Jam turn non consulibus 

20 modo, sed plerisque senatoribus perniciem machinabantur. 
Quod ni Catilina maturasset pro curia signum sociis dare, 
eo die post conditam urbem Romam pessimum f acinus 
patrattfM forei. Quia nondum frequentes arraati convene- 
rant, ea res consilium diremit. 

25 XIX. Postea Piso in citeriorem Hispaniam quaestor 
pro praetore missus est, adnitente Crasso, quod eum infes- 
tum inimicum Cn. Pompeio cognoverat. Neque . tamen 
senatus provinciam invitus dederat : quippe foedum homi- 
nem a re publica procul esse volebat ; simul quia boni 

SO complures praesidium in eo putabant, et jam turn potentia 
Pompeii formidulosa erat. Sed is Piso in provincia ab 
equitibus Hispanis, quos sine exercitu ductabat iter faciens, 
occisus est. Sunt qui ita dicant, imperia ejus injusta, su- 
perba, crudelia barbaros nequivisse pati ; alii autem, equi- 

35 tes illos, Cn. Pompeii veteres fidosque clientes, voluntate 
ejus Pisonem aggressos ; nunquam Hispanos praeterea 
tale facinus fecisse, sed imperia saeva multa antea perpes- 



DE CATILINAE CONJUKATIONE. 



11 



sos. Nos earn rem in medio relinquemus. De superiore 
conjuratione satis dictum. 

XX. Catilina, ubi eos, quos paulo ante memoravi, con- 
venisse videt, tametsi cum singulis multa saepe egerat, 
tamen in rem fore credens universos appellare et cohortari, 5 
in abditam partem aedium secedit, atque ibi omnibus arbi- 
tris procul amotis orationem hujusce modi habuit : 

" Ni virtus fidesque vestra spectata mihi forent, nequi- 
quam opportuna res cecidisset ; spes magna, dominatio in 
manibus frustra fuissent ; neque ego per ignaviam aut 10 
vana ingenia incerta pro certis captarem. Sed quia multis 
et magnis tempestatibus vos cognovi fortes fidosque mihi, 
eo animus ausus est maximum atque pulcherrimum facinus 
incipere ; simul quia vobis eadem quae mihi bona malaque 
esse intellexi. Nam idem velle atque idem nolle, ea de- 15 
mum firma amicitia est. 

Sed ego qua?e mente agitavi, omnes jam antea diversi 
audistis. Ceterum mihi in dies magis animus accenditur, 
quum considero quae condicio vitae futura sit, nisi nosmet 
ipsi vindicamus in libertatem. Nam postquam res publica 20 
in paucorum potentium jus atque dicionem concessit, sem- 
per illis reges, tetrarchae vectigales esse ; populi, nationes 
stipendia pendere ; ceteri omnes, strenui, • boni, nobiles 
atque ignobiles, vulgus fuimus sine gratia, sine auctoritate, 
eis obnoxii, quibus, si res publica valeret, formidini esse- 25 
mus. Itaque omnis gratia, potentia, honos, divitiae apud 
illos sunt aut ubi illi volunt ; nobis reliquere pericula, re- 
pulsas, judicia, egestatem. Quae quousque tandem pati- 
emini, fortissimi viri ? Nonne emori per virtutem praestat, 
quam vitam miseram atque inhonestam, ubi alienae super- 30 
biae ludibrio fueris, per dedecus amittere ? 

Yerum enimvero, pro deum atque hominum fidem, vic- 
toria in manu nobis est ; viget aetas, animus valet : contra 
illis annis atque divitiis omnia consenuerunt. Tantum 
modo incepto opus est, cetera res expediet. Etenim quis 35 
mortalium, cui virile ingenium est, tolerare potest illis 
divitias superare, quas profundant in extrudendo mari 



12 



C. SALLUSTII CRISPI LIBER 



et montibus coaequandis, nobis rem familiarem etiam ad 
necessaria deesse ? illos binas aut amplius domos continua- 
re, nobis larem familiarem nusquam ullum esse ? Quum 
tabulas, signa, toreumata emunt, nova diruunt, alia aedifi- 
5 cant, postremo omnibus modis pecuniam trahunt, vexant, 
tamen summa libidine divitias suas vincere nequeunt. At 
nobis est domi inopia, foris aes alienum ; mala res, spes 
multo asperior: denique, quid reliqui habemus praeter 
miseram animam ? 

10 Quin igitur expergiscimini ! En ilia, ilia, quam saepe 
optastis, libertas, praeterea divitiae, decus, gloria in oculis 
sita sunt ; fortuna omnia ea victoribus praemia posuit. 
Res, tempus, pericula, egestas, belli spolia magnifica, magis 
quam oratio mea, vos hortantur. Vel imperatore vel milite 

15 me utemini : neque animus, neque corpus a vobis aberit. 
Haec ipsa, ut spero, vobiscum una consul agam, nisi forte 
me animus f allit, et vos servire magis <quam imperare 
parati estis." 

XXI. Postquam accepere ea homines, quibus mala 

20 abunde omnia erant, sed neque res neque spes bona ulla, 
tametsi illis quieta movere magna merces videbatur, tamen 
postulavere plerique, ut proponeret quae condicio belli 
foret, quae praemia armis peterent, quid ubique opis aut 
spei haberent. Turn Catilina polliceri tabulas novas, pro- 

25 scriptionem locupletium, magistratus, sacerdotia, rapinas, 
alia omnia quae bellum atque libido victorum f ert : prae- 
terea esse in Hispania citeriore Pisonem, in Mauretania 
cum exercitu P. Sittium Nucerinum, consilii sui participes ; 
petere consulatum C. Antonium, quern sibi collegam fore 

SO speraret, hominem et familiarem et omnibus necessitudini- 
bus circumventum ; cum eo se consulem initium agendi 
facturum. Ad hoc maledictis increpabat omnes bonos, suo- 
rum unum quemque nominans laudare ; -admonebat alium 
egestatis, alium cupiditatis suae, complures periculi aut 

85 ignominiae, multos victoriae Sullanae, quibus ea praedae 
fuerat. Postquam omnium animos alacres videt, cohortatus 
ut petitionem suam curae haberent, conventum dimisit. 



DE CATILINAE CONJURATIONE. 



13 



XXII. Fuere ea tempestate, qui dicerent Catilinam, 
oratione habita, quum ad jusjurandum populares sceleris 
sui adigeret, humani corporis sanguinem vino permixtum 
in pateris circumtulisse ; inde quum post exsecrationern 
omnes degustavissent, sicuti in sollemnibus sacris fieri con- 5 
suevit, aperuisse consilium suum, atque eo ita fecisse, quo 
inter se fidi magis forent, alius alii tanti facinoris conscii. 
Nonnulli ficta et haec et multa praeterea existimabant ab 
eis, qui Ciceronis invidiam, quae postea orta est, leniri 
credebant atrocitate sceleris eorum, qui poenas dederant. 10 
Nobis ea res pro magnitudine parum comperta est. 

XXIII. Sed in ea conjuratione fuit Q. Curius, natus 
haud obscuro loco, flagitiis atque facinoribus coopertus, 
quern censores senatu probri gratia moverant. Huic homi- 
ni non minor vanitas inerat quam audacia : neque reti- 15 
cere quae audierat, neque suamet ipse scelera occultare 
prorsus neque dicere neque facere quicquam pensi habebat. 
Erat ei cum Fulvia, muliere nobili, stupri vetus consue- 
tudo ; cui quum minus gratus esset, quia inopia minus 
largiri poterat, repente glorians maria montesque polliceri 20 
coepit, et minari interdum ferro, ni sibi obnoxia foret ; 
postremo ferocius agitare quam solitus erat. At Fulvia, 
insolentiae Curii causa cognita, tale periculum rei publicae 
haud occultum habuifc, sed, sublato auctore, de Catilinae 
conjuratione quae quoque modo audierat compluribus nar- 25 
ravit. Ea res in primis studia hominum accendit ad con- 
sulatum mandandum M. Tullio Ciceroni. Namque antea 
pleraque nobilitas invidia aestuabat, et quasi pollui con- 
sulatum credebant, si eum quamvis egregius homo novus 
adeptus foret. Sed ubi periculum advenit, invidia atque 30 
superbia post fuere. 

XXIV. Igitur comifciis habitis consules declarantur M. 
Tullius et C. Antonius. Quod factum primo populares 
conjurationis concusserat : neque tamen Catilinae furor 
minuebatur, sed in dies plura agitare ; arma per Italiam 35 
locis opportunis parare, pecuniam sua aut amicorum fide 
sumptam mutuam Faesulas ad Manlium quendam portare, 



14 



C. SALLUSTII CRISPI LIBER 



qui postea princeps fuit belli faciundi. Ea tempestate 
plurimos cujusque generis homines adscivisse sibi dicitur, 
mulieres etiam aliquot, quae primo ingentes sumptus stupro 
corporis toleraverant, post, ubi aetas tantum modo quaes- 
5 tui neque luxuriae modum feeerat, aes alienum grande 
conflaverant. Per eas se Catilina credebat posse servitia 
urbana sollicitare, urbem incendere, viros earum vel adjun- 
gere sibi vel interficere. 

XXV. Sed in eis erat Sempronia, quae multa saepe 
10 virilis audaciae facinora commiserat. Haec mulier genere 

atque forma, praeterea viro, liberis satis f ortunata fuit ; 
litteris Graecis et Latinis docta, psallere, saltare elegantius 
quam necesse est probae, multa alia, quae instrumenta 
luxuriae sunt. Sed ei cariora semper omnia quam decus 

15 atque pudicitia fuit ; pecuniae an famae minus parceret, 
baud facile discerneres. Sed ea saepe antehac fidem pro- 
diderat, creditum abjuraverat, caedis conscia fuerat ; luxu- 
ria atque inopia praeceps abierat. Verum ingenium ejus 
baud absurdum : posse versus f acere, jocum movere, ser- 

20 mone uti vel modesto vel molli vel procaci ; prorsus mul- 
tae facetiae multusque lepos inerat. 

XXVI. His rebus comparatis, Catilina nihilo minus in 
proximum annum consulatum petebat, sperans, si designa- 
tus foret, facile se ex voluntate Antonio usurum. Neque 

25 interea quietus erat, sed omnibus modis insidias parabat 
Ciceroni. Neque illi tamen ad cavendum dolus aut astu- 
tiae deerant. Namque a principio consulatus sui multa 
pollicendo per Fulviam effecerat, ut Q. Curius, de quo 
paulo ante memoravi, consilia Catilinae sibi proderet ; ad 

30 hoc collegam suum Antonium pactione provinciae perpu- 
lerat, ne contra rem publicam sentiret ; circum se praesidia 
amicbrum atque clientium occulte habebat. Postquam 
dies comitiorum venit, et Catilinae neque petitio neque 
insidiae quas consul! in campo feeerat prospere cessere, 

35 constituit bellum facere et extrema omnia experiri, quo- 
niam quae occulte tentaverat aspera foedaque evenerant. 

XXVII. Igitur C. Manlium Faesulas atque in earn par- 



DE CATILINAE CONJURATION E. 



15 



tern Etruriae, Septimium quendam Camertem in agrum 
Picenum, C. Julium in Apuliam dimisit ; praeterea alium 
alio, quern ubique opportunum sibi fore credebat. Interea 
Romae multa simul moliri : consuli insidias tendere, parare 
incendia, opportuna loca armatis hominibus obsidere ; ipse 5 
cum telo esse, item alios jubere, hortari uti semper intenti 
paratique essent ; dies noctesque f estinare, vigilare, neque 
insomniis neque labore fatigari. Postremo ubi multa agi- 
tanti nihil procedit, rursus intempesta nocte conjurationis 
principes convocat penes M. Porcium Laecam, ibique, 10 
multa de ignavia eorum questus, docet se Manlium prae- 
misisse ad earn multitudinem quam ad capiunda arma pa- 
raverat, item alios in alia loca opportuna, qui initium belli 
facerent, seque ad exercitum proficisci cupere, si prius 
Ciceronem oppressisset ; eum suis consiliis multum officere. 15 

XXVIII. Igitur, perterritis ac dubitantibus ceteris, C. 
Cornelius eques Rom anus operam suam pollicitus et cum 
eo L. Vargunteius senator constituere ea nocte paulo post 
cum armatis hominibus sicuti salutatum introire ad Cicero- 
nem ac de improviso domi suae imparatum confodere. 20 
Curius ubi intellegit quantum periculi consuli impendeat, 
propere per Fulviam Ciceroni dolum qui parabatur enun- 
tiat. Ita illi, janua prohibiti, tantum facinus frustra sus- 
ceperant. 

Interea Manlius in Etruria plebem sollicitare, egestate 25 
simul ac dolore injuriae novarum rerum cupidam, quod 
Sallae dominatione agros bonaque omnia amiserat ; prae- 
terea latrones cujusque generis, quorum in ea regione 
magna copia erat, nonnullos ex Sullanis coloniis, quibus 
libido atque luxuria ex magnis rapinis nihil reliqui fecerat. 30 

XXIX. Ea quum Ciceroni nuntiarentur, ancipiti malo 
permotus, quod neque urbem ab insidiis privato consilio 
longius tueri poterat, neque exercitus Manlii quantus aut 
quo consilio foret satis compertum habebat, rem ad sena- 
tum refert, jam antea vulgi rumoribus exagitatum. Ita- 35 
que, quod plerumque in atroci negotio solet, senatus de- 
crevit, darent operam consules, ne quid res publico, detri- 



16 



C. SALLUSTII ORISPI LIBER 



menti caperet. Ea potestas per senatum more Romano 
magistratui maxima permittitur, exercitum parare, bellum 
gerere, coercere omnibus modis socios atque cives, domi 
militiaeque imperium atque judicium summum habere : ali- 
5 ter sine populi jussu nullius earum rerum consuli jus est. 

XXX. Post paucos dies L. Saenius senator in senatu 
litteras recitavit, quas Faesulis allatas sibi dieebat, in qui- 
bus scriptum erat, C. Manlium arma cepisse cum magna 
multitudine ante diem sextum Kalendas Novembres. 

10 Simul, id quod in tali re solet, alii portenta atque pro- 
digia nuntiabant, alii conventus fieri, arma portari, Capuae 
atque in Apulia servile bellum moveri. Igitur senati de- 
creto Q. Marcius Rex Faesulas, Q. Metellus Creticus in 
Apuliam circumque ea loca missi — ei utrique ad urbem 

15 imperatores erant, impediti ne triumpharent calumnia pau- 
corum, quibus omnia honesta atque inhonesta vendere mos 
erat ; — sed praetores Q. Pompeius Rufus Capuam, Q. Me- 
tellus Celer in agrum Picenum, eisque permissum, uti pro 
tempore atque periculo exercitum compararent. Ad hoc, 

20 si quis indicavisset de conjuratione quae contra rem pub- 
licam facta erat, praemium servo libertatem et sestertia 
centum, libero impunitatem ejus rei et sestertia ducenta ; 
itemque decrevere, uti gladiatoriae familiae Capuam et in 
cetera municipia distribuerentur pro cuj usque opibus, Ro- 

25 mae per totam urbem vigiliae haberentur, eisque minores 
magistratus praeessent. 

XXXI. Quibus rebus permota civitas atque immutata 
urbis facies erat : ex summa laetitia atque lascivia, quae 
diuturna quies pepererat, repente omnes tristitia invasit : 

30 festinare, trepidare, neque loco neque homini cuiquam satis 
credere, neque bellum gerere neque pacem habere, suo 
quisque metu pericula metiri. Ad hoc mulieres, quibus 
rei publicae magnitudine belli timor insolitus incesserat, 
adflictare sese, manus supplices ad caelum tendere, mise- 

35 rari parvos liberos, rogitare, omnia pavere, superbia atque 
deliciis omissis sibi patriaeque diffidere. 

At Catilinae crudelis animus eadem ilia movebat, ta- 



DE CATILINAE CONJURATIONE. 



17 



metsi praesidia parabantur, et ipse lege Plautia interroga- 
te erat ab L. Paullo. Postremo dissimulandi causa vel sui 
expurgandi, sicuti jurgio lacessitus foret, in senatum venit. 
Turn M. Tullius consul, sive praesentiam ejus timens sive 
ira commotus, orationem habuit luculentam atque utilem 5 
rei publicae, quam postea scriptam edidit. Sed ubi ille 
assedit, Catilina, ut erat paratus ad dissimulanda omnia, 
demisso vultu voce supplici postulare a patribus coepit, 
ne quid de se temere crederent ; ea familia ortum, ita se 
ab adulescentia vitam instituisse, ut omnia bona in spe 10 
haberet ; ne existimarent sibi patricio homini, cujus ipsius 
atque majorum plurima beneficia in populum Romanum 
essent, perdita re publica opus esse, quum earn servaret 
M. Tullius, inquilinus civis urbis Romae. Ad hoc male- 
dicta alia quum adderet, obstrepere omnes, hostem atque 15 
parricidam vocare. Turn ille f uribundus, " Quoniam qui- 
dem circumventus" inquit "db inimicis praeceps agor, 
incendium meum ruina restinguam" 

XXXII. Deinde se ex curia domum proripuit. Ibi 
multa ipse secum volvens, quod neque insidiae consuli 20 
procedebant et ab incendio intellegebat urbem vigiliis 
munitam, optimum factu credens exercitum augere ac prius 
quam legiones scriberentur multa antecapere quae bello 
usui forent, nocte intempesta cum paucis in Manliana 
castra prof ectus est. Sed Cethego atque Lentulo, ceteris- 25 
que quorum cognoverat promptam audaciam, mandat qui- 
bus rebus possint opes f actionis confirment, insidias consuli 
maturent, caedem, incendia aliaque belli facinora parent ; 
sese propediem cum magno exercitu ad urbem accessurum. 

XXXIII. Dum haec Romae geruntur, C. Manlius ex 30 
suo numero legatos ad Marcium Regem mittit cum man- 
dates hujusce modi : " Deos hominesque testamur, impera- 
tor, nos arma neque contra patriam cepisse neque quo 
periculum aliis faceremus, sed uti corpora nostra ab injuria 
tuta forent ; qui, miseri, egentes, violentia atque crudeli- 35 
tate faeneratorum, plerique patriae, sed omnes fama atque 
fortunis expertes sumus : neque cuiquam nostrum licuit 



18 



0. SALLUSTII CRISPI LIBER 



more majorum lege uti neque amisso patrimonio liberum 
corpus habere : tanta saevitia f aeneratorum atque praetoris 
fuit. Saepe majores vestrum, miseriti plebis Romanae, 
decretis suis inopiae ejus opitulati sunt, ac novissime me- 
5 moria nostra propter magnitudinem aeris alieni volentibus 
omnibus bonis argentum aere solutum est ; saepe ipsa 
plebes, aut dominandi studio permota aut superbia magis- 
tratuum, armata a patribus secessit. At nos non imperium 
neque divitias petimus, quarum rerum causa bella atque 

10 certamina omnia inter mortales sunt, sed libertatem, quam 
nemo bonus nisi cum anima simul amittit. Te atque sena- 
tum obtestamur, consulatis miseris civibus, legis praesidi- 
um, quod iniquitas praetoris eripuit, restituatis, neve nobis 
earn necessitudinem imponatis, ut quaeramus quonam modo 

15 maxime ulti sanguinem nostrum pereamus." 

XXXIV. Ad haec Q. Marcius respondet : Si quid ab 
senatu petere velint, ab arrnis discedant, Romam supplices 
proficiscantur ; ea mansuetudine atque misericordia sena- 
tum populi Romani semper fuisse, ut nemo unquam ab eo 

20 frustra auxilium petiverit. 

At Catilina ex itinere plerisque consularibus, praeterea 
optimo cuique, litteras mittit : Se, falsis criminibus cireum- 
ventum, quoniam factioni inimicorum resistere nequiverit, 
fortunae cedere, Massiliam in exsilium proficisci, non quo 

25 sibi tanti sceleris conscius esset, sed uti res publica quieta 
foret, neve ex sua contentione seditio oriretur. Ab his 
longe diversas litteras Q. Catulus in senatu recitavit, quas 
sibi nomine Catilinae redditas dicebat. Earum exemplum 
infra scriptum est : 

30 XXXV. " L. Catilina Q. Catulo. Egregia tua fides re 
cognita, grata mihi magnis in meis periculis, fiduciam com- 
mendationi meae tribuit. Quam ob rem defensionem in 
novo consilio non statui parare, satisfactionem ex nulla 
conscientia de culpa proponere decrevi, quam, me dius 

35 fidius, veram licet cognoscas. Injuriis contumeliisque con- 
citatus, quod fructu laboris industriaeque meae privatus 
statum dignitatis non obtinebam, publicam miserorum cau- 



DE CATILINAE CONJURATIONE. 



19 



sam pro mea consuetudine suscepi ; non quia aes alienum 
meis nominibus ex possessionibus solvere non possem, 
quum scilicet alienis nominibus liberalitas Orestillae suis 
filiaeque copiis persolveret, sed quod non dignos homines, 
honore honestatos videbam, meque falsa suspicione aliena- 5 
turn esse sentiebam. Hoo nomine satis honestas pro meo 
casu spes reliquae dignitatis conservandae sum secutus. 
Plura quum scribere vellem, nuntiatum est vim mihi parari. 
Nunc Orestillam commendo tuaeque fidei trado : earn ab 
injuria defendas, per liberos tuos rogatus. Haveto." 10 

XXXVI. Sed ipse, paucos dies commoratus apud C. 
Flaminium in agro Arretino, dum vicinitatem antea sol- 
licitatam armis exornat, cum fascibus atque aliis imperii 
insignibus in castra ad Manlium contendit. Haec ubi Ro- 
mae comperta sunt, senatus Catilinam et Manlium hostes 15 
judicat ; ceterae multitudini diem statuit, ante quam sine 
fraude liceret ab armis discedere, praeter rerum capitalium 
condemnatis. Praeterea decernit uti consules dilectum 
habeant, Antonius cum exercitu Catilinam perse qui matu- 
ret, Cicero urbi praesidio sit. 20 

Ea tempestate mihi imperium populi Romani multo 
maxime miserabile visum est; cui quum ad occasum ab 
ortu solis omnia domita armis parerent, domi otium atque 
divitiae, quae prima mortales putant, adfluerent, fuere 
tamen cives, qui seque remque publicam obstinatis animis 25 
perditum irent. Namque duobus senati decretis ex tanta 
multitudine neque praemio inductus conjurationem pate- 
fecerat neque ex castris Catilinae quisquam omnium dis- 
cesserat: tanta vis morbi erat, quae uti tabes plerosque 
civium animos invaserat. 30 

XXXVII. Neque solum illis aliena mens erat, qui con- 
scii conjurationis fuerant, sed omnino cuncta plebes nova- 
rum rerum studio Catilinae incepta probabat. Id adeo 
more suo videbatur facere. Nam semper in civitate, qui- 
bus opes nullae sunt, bonis invident, malos extollunt, vete- 35 
ra odere, nova exoptant, odio suarum rerum mutari omnia 

student ; turba atque seditionibus sine cura aluntur, quo- 
2 



20 



C. SALLUSTII CRISPI LIBER 



niam egestas facile habetur sine damno. Sed urbana ple- 
bes, ea vero praeceps erat de multis causis. Primum 
omnium, qui ubique probro atque petulantia maxime prae- 
stabant, item alii per dedecora patrimoniis amissis, pos- 
5 tremo omnes quos flagitium aut facinus domo expulerat, 
ei Romam sicut in sentinam confluxerant. Deinde multi 
memores Sullanae victoriae, quod ex gregariis militibus 
alios senatores videbant, alios ita divites ut regio victu 
atque cultu aetatem agerent, sibi quisque, si in armis foret, 

10 ex victoria talia sperabat. Praeterea juventus, quae in 
agris manuum mercede inopiam toleraverat, privatis at- 
que publicis largitionibus excita, urbanum otium ingrato 
labori praetulerat. Eos atque alios omnes malum publi- 
cum alebat ; quo minus mirandum est homines egentes, 

15 malis moribus, maxima spe, rei publicae juxta ac sibi 
consuluisse. Praeterea quorum victoria Sullae parentes 
proscripti, bona erepta, jus libertatis imminutum erat, 
haud sane alio animo belli eventum exspectabant. Ad hoc 
quicumque aliarum atque senatus partium erant, contur- 

20 bari rem publicam quam minus valere ipsi malebant. Id 
adeo malum multos post annos in civitatem reverfcerat. 

XXXVIII. Nam postquam, Cn. Pompeio et M. Crasso 
consulibus, tribunicia potestas restituta est, homines adu- 
lescentes summam potestatem nacti, quibus aetas animus- 

25 que ferox erat, coepere senatum criminando plebem exagi- 
tare, dein largiundo atque pollicitando magis incendere : 
ita ipsi clari potentesque fieri. Contra eos summa ope 
nitebatur pleraque nobilitas, senatus specie, pro sua magni- 
tudine. Namque, uti paucis verum absolvam, post Sul- 

30 lae tempora quicumque rem publicam agitavere, honest is 
nominibus, alii sicuti populi jura defenderent, pars quo 
senatus auctoritas maxima foret, bonum publicum simu- 
lantes, pro sua quisque potentia certabant : neque illis 
modestia neque modus contentionis erat ; utrique victo- 

35 riam crudeliter exercebant. 

XXXIX. Sed postquam Cn. Pompeius ad bellum ma- 
ritimum atque Mithridaticum missus est, plebis opes im- 



DE CATILINAE CONJURATIONE. 



21 



minutae, paucorum potentia crevit. Ei magistratus, pro- 
vincias aliaque omnia tenere ; ipsi innoxii, florentes, sine 
metu aetatem agere, ceteros, qui plebem in magistratu 
placidius tractarent, judiciis terrere. Sed ubi primum 
dubiis rebus novandi spes oblata est, vetus certamen ani- 5 
mos eorum arrexit. Quod si primo proelio Catilina supe- 
rior aut aequa manu discessisset, profecto magna clades 
atque calamitas rem publicam oppressisset ; neque illis, si 
victoriam adepti f orent, diutius ea uti licuisset, quin de- 
f essis et exsanguibus qui plus posset imperium atque liber- 10 
tatem extorqueret. 

Fuere tamen extra conjurationem complures, qui ad 
Catilinam initio profecti sunt. In eis erat A. Fulvius, 
senatoris filius, quem retractum ex itinere parens necari 
jussit. Eisdem temporibus Romae Lentulus, sicuti Cati- 15 
lina praeceperat, quoscumque moribus aut fortuna novis 
rebus idoneos credebat, aut ipse aut per alios sollicitabat, 
neque solum cives, sed cujusque modi genus hominum, 
quod modo bello usui foret. 

XL. Igitur P. Umbreno cuidam negotium dat, uti lega- 20 
tos Allobrogum requirat, eosque, si possit, impellat ad so- 
cietatem belli, existimans publice privatimque aere alieno 
oppressos, praeterea quod natura gens Gallica bellicosa 
esset, facile eos ad tale consilium adduci posse. Um- 
brenus, quod in Gallia negotiatus erat, plerisque principi- 25 
bus civitatium notus erat atque eos noverat : itaque sine 
mora, ubi primum legatos in foro conspexit, percontatus 
pauca de statu civitatis, et quasi dolens ejus casum, re- 
quirere coepit quem exitum tantis malis sperarent. Post- 
quam illos videt queri de avaritia magistratuum, accusare 30 
senatum quod in eo auxilii nihil esset, miseriis suis reme- 
dium mortem exspectare, " At ego " inquit " vobis, si modo 
viri esse vultis, rationem ostendam, qua tanta ista mala 
effugiatis." Haec ubi dixit, Allobroges in maximam spem 
adducti Umbrenum orare, ut sui misereretur; nihil tarn 35 
asperum neque tam difficile esse, quod non cupidissime 
facturi essent, dum ea res civitatem aere alieno liberarefc. 



22 



C. SALLUSTII ORISPI LIBER 



Ille eos in domum D. Bruti perducit, quod foro propinqua 
erat, neque aliena consilii propter Semproniam ; nam turn 
Brutus ab Roma aberat. Praeterea Gabinium arcessit, 
quo major auctoritas sermoni inesset. Eo praesente con- 
5 jurationem aperit, nominat socios, praeterea multos cujus- 
que generis innoxios, quo legatis animus amplior esset; 
deinde eos pollicitos operam suam domum dimittit. 

XLI. Sed Allobroges diu in incerto habuere, quidnam 
consilii caperent. In altera parte erat aes alienum, studi- 

10 um belli, magna merces in spe victoriae ; at in altera 
majores opes, tuta consilia, pro incerta spe certa praemia. 
Haec illis volventibus tandem vicit fortuna rei publicae. 
It a que Q. Fabio Sangae, cujus patrocinio civitas plurimum 
utebatur, rem omnem, uti cognoverant, aperiunt. Cicero, 

15 per Sangam consilio cognito, legatis praecipit ut studium 
conjurationis vehementer simulent, ceteros adeant, bene 
polliceantur, dentque operam uti eos quam maxime mani- 
festos habeant. 

XL1I. Eisdem fere temporibus in Gallia citeriore atque 

20 ulteriore, item in agro Piceno, Bruttio, Apulia motus erat. 
Namque illi, quos ante Catilina dimiserat, inconsulte ac 
veluti per dementiam cuncta simul agebant ; nocturnis 
consiliis, armorum atque telorum portationibus, f estinando, 
agitando omnia, plus timoris quam periculi effecerant. Ex 

25 eo numero complures Q. Metellus Celer praetor ex senatus 
consulto causa cognita in vincula conjecerat, item in ulteri- 
ore Gallia C. Murena, qui ei provinciae legatus praeerat. 

XLIII. At Romae Lentulus cum ceteris, qui principes 
conjurationis erant, paratis ut videbantur magnis copiis, 

30 constituerant uti, quum Catilina in agrum Faesulanum cum 
exercitu venisset, L. Bestia tribunus plebei, contione habi- 
ta, quereretur de actionibus Ciceronis, bellique gravissimi 
invidiam optimo consuli imponeret ; eo signo, proxima 
nocte cetera multitudo conjurationis suum quisque nego- 

35 tium exsequeretur. Sed ea divisa hoc modo dicebantur : 
Statilius et Gabinius uti cum magna manu duodecim simul 
opportuna loca urbis incenderent, quo tumultu facilior 



DE CATILINAE CONJURATIONE. 



23 



aditus ad consulem ceterosque quibus insidiae parabantur 
fieret ; Cethegus Ciceronis jamiam obsideret eumque vi 
aggrederetur, alius autem alium;sed filii familiarum, quo- 
rum ex nobilitate maxima pars erat, parentes interficerent ; 
simul, caede et incendio perculsis omnibus, ad Catilinam 5 
erumperent. Inter haec parata atque decreta, Cethegus 
semper querebatur de ignavia sociorum: illos dubitando 
et dies prolatando magnas opportunitates corrumpere ; 
facto, non consulto in tali periculo opus esse, seque, si 
pauci adjuvarent, languentibus aliis, impetum in curiam 10 
facturum. Natura ferox, vehemens, manu promptus erat ; 
maximum bonum in celeritate putabat. 

XLIV. Sed Allobroges ex praecepto Ciceronis per Ga- 
binium ceteros conveniunt ; ab Lentulo, Cethego, Statilio, 
item Cassio postulant jus jurandum, quod signatum ad 15 
cives perferant ; aliter haud facile eos ad tantum negotium 
impelli posse. Ceteri nihil suspicantes dant, Cassius semet 
eo brevi venturum pollicetur, ac paulo ante legatos ex 
urbe proficiscitur. Lentulus cum eis T. Volturcium quen- 
dam Crotoniensem mittit, ut Allobroges prius quam do- 20 
mum pergerent cum Catilina, data atque accepta fide, so- 
cietal em confirmarent. Ipse Volturcio litteras ad Catili- 
nam dat, quarum exemplum infra scriptum est: "Quis 
sim, ex eo quern ad te misi cognosces. Fac cogites in 
quanta calamitate sis, et memineris te virum esse ; conside- 25 
res quid tuae rationes postulent; auxilium petas ab om- 
nibus, etiam ab infimis." Ad hoc mandata verbis dat: 
quum ab senatu hostis judicatus sit, quo consilio servitia 
repudiet ? in urbe parata esse quae jusserit ; ne cunctetur 
ipse propius accedere. 30 

XLY. His rebus ita actis, constituta nocte qua profi- 
ciscerentur, Cicero per legatos cuncta edoctus L. Valerio 
Flacco et C. Pomptino praetoribus imperat, ut in ponte 
Mulvio per insidias Allobrogum comitatus deprehendant ; 
rem omnem aperit, cujus gratia mittebantur; cetera, uti 35 
facto opus sit, ita agant permittit. Illi, homines militares, 
sine tumultu praesidiis collocatis sicuti praeceptum erat, 



24 



C. SALLUSTII CKISPI LIBER 



occulte pontem obsidunt. Postquam ad id loci legati cum 
Volturcio venere et simul utrimque clamor exortus est, 
Galli, cito cognito consilio, sine mora praetoribus se tra- 
dunt. Volturcius primo cohortatus ceteros gladio se a 
5 multitudine defendit ; deinde ubi a legatis desertus est, 
multa prius de salute sua Pomptinum obtestatus, quod ei 
notus erat, postremo timidus ac vitae diffidens velut hosti- 
bus sese praetoribus dedit. 

XLVI. Quibus rebus confectis, omnia propere per nun- 

10 tios consuli declarantur. At ilium ingens cura atque lae- 
titia simul occupavere : nam laetabatur intellegens con- 
juratione patef acta civitatem periculis ereptam esse ; porro 
autem anxius erat, dubitans in maximo scelere, tantis civi- 
bus deprehensis, quid facto opus esset; poenam illorum 

15 sibi oneri, impunitatem perdendae rei publicae fore crede- 
bat. Igitur confirmato animo vocari ad sese jubet Lentu- 
lum, Cethegum, Statilium, Gabinium, itemque quendam 
Caeparium Tarracinensem, qui in Apuliam ad concitanda 
servitia proficisci parabat. 

20 Ceteri sine mora veniunt ; Caeparius, paulo ante domo 
egressus, cognito indicio ex urbe profugerat. Consul Len- 
tulum quod praetor erat ipse manu tenens perducit, reli- 
quos cum custodibus in aedem Concordiae venire jubet. 
Eo senatum advocat, magnaque frequentia ejus ordinis 

25 Volturcium cum legatis introducit; Flaccum praetorem 
scrinium cum litteris, quas a legatis acceperat, eodem ad- 
ferre jubet. 

XLVII. Volturcius interrogatus de itinere, de litteris, 
postremo quid, aut qua de causa, consilii habuisset, primo 

SO fingere alia, dissimulare de conjuratione ; post, ubi fide 
publica dicere jussus est, omnia uti gesta erant aperit, 
docetque se, paucis ante diebus a Gabinio et Caepario 
socium adscitum, nihil amplius scire quam legatos ; tan- 
tum modo audire solitum ex Gabinio P. Autronium, Ser. 

35 Sullam, L. Vargunteium, multos praeterea in ea conjura- 
tione esse. Eadem Galli fatentur, ac Lentulum dissimu- 
lantem coarguunt praeter litteras sermonibus, quos ille 



DE CATILINAE CONJURATIONE. 



25 



habere solitus erat; ex libris Sibyllinis regnum Romae 
tribus Corneliis portendi ; Cinnam atque Sullam antea, se 
tertium esse, cui fatum foret urbis potiri; praeterea ab 
incenso Capitolio ilium esse vigesimum annum, quem saepe 
ex prodigiis haruspices respondissent bello civili cruentum 5 
fore. Igitur perlectis litteris, quum prius omnes signa sua 
cognovissent, senatus decernit, uti abdicato magistratu 
Lentulus, itemque ceteri, in liberis custodiis habeantur. 
Itaque Lentulus P. Lentulo Spintheri, qui turn aedilis erat, 
Cethegus Q. Cornificio, Statilius C. Caesari, Gabinius M. 10 
Crasso, Caeparius — nam is paulo ante ex fuga retractus 
erat — Cn. Terentio senatori traduntur. 

XL VIII. Inter ea plebes, conjuratione pat ef acta, quae 
primo, cupida rerum novarum, nimis bello favebat, mutata 
mente Catilinae consilia exsecrari, Ciceronem ad caelum 15 
tollere ; veluti ex servitute erepta gaudium atque laetitiam 
agitabat ; namque alia belli facinora praedae magis quam 
detrimento fore, incendium vero crudele, immoderatum, ac 
sibi maxime calamitosum putabat, quippe cui omnes copiae 
in usu cotidiano et cultu corporis erant. 20 

Post eum diem quidam L. Tarquinius ad senatum ad- 
duct us erat, quem ad Catilinam proficiscentem ex itinere 
retractum aiebant. Is quum se diceret indicaturum de 
conjuratione si fides publica data esset, jussus a consule 
quae sciret edicere, eadem fere quae Volturcius, de paratis 25 
incendiis, de caede bonorum, de itinere hostium, senatum 
docet; praeterea se missum a M. Crasso, qui Catilinae 
nuntiaret, ne eum Lentulus et Cethegus aliique ex conju- 
ratione deprehensi terrerent, eoque magis properaret ad 
urbem accedere, quo et ceterorum animos reficeret et illi 30 
facilius e periculo eriperentur. Sed ubi Tarquinius Cras- 
sum nominavit, hominem nobilem, maximis divitiis, summa 
potentia, alii rem incredibilem rati, pars, tametsi verum ex- 
istimabant, tamen quia in tali tempore tanta vis hominis 
magis leniunda quam exagitanda videbatur, plerique Crasso 35 
ex negotiis privatis obnoxii, conclamant indicem falsum 
esse, deque ea re postulant uti referatur. Itaque consu- 



26 



C. SALLUSTII CRISPI LIBER 



lente Cicerone frequens senatus decernit: Tarquinii indici- 
um falsum videri, eumque in vinculis retinendum, neque 
amplius potestatem faciundam, nisi de eo indicaret, cujus 
consilio tantam rem esset mentitus. Erant eo tempore qui 
5 existimarent indicium illud a P. Autronio machinatum, quo 
facilius appellato Crasso per societatem periculi reliquos 
illius potentia tegeret ; alii Tarquinium a Cicerone immis- 
sum aiebant, ne Crassus more suo, suscepto malorum pa- 
trocinio, rem publicam conturbaret. Ipsum Crassum ego 

10 postea praedicantem audivi, tantam illam contumeliam sibi 
ab Cicerone impositam. 

XLIX. Sed eisdem temporibus Q. Catulus et C. Piso 
neque pretio neque gratia Ciceronem impellere quivere, uti 
per Allobroges aut alium indicern C. Caesar falso nomina- 

15 retur. Nam uterque cum illo graves inimicitias exercebant, 
Piso oppugnatus in judicio pecuniarum repetundarum prop- 
ter cujusdam Train spadani supplicium injustum, Catulus ex 
petitione pontificatus odio incensus, quod extrema aetate, 
maximis honoribus usus, ab aduiescentulo Caesare victus 

20 discesserat. Res autem opportuna videbatur, quod is 
privatim egregia liberalitate, publice maximis muneribus, 
grandem pecuniam debebat. Sed ubi consulem ad tantum 
facinus impellere nequeunt, ipsi singulatim circumeundo 
atque ementiundo, quae se ex Volturcio aut Allobrogibus 

25 audisse dicerent, magnam illi invidiam conflaverant, usque 
eo, ut nonnulli equites Roman i, qui praesidii causa cum 
telis erant circum aedem Concordiae, seu periculi magni- 
tudine seu animi mobilitate impulsi, quo studium suum in 
rem publicam clarius esset, egredienti ex senatu Caesari 

30 gladio minitarentur. 

L. Dum haec in senatu aguntur et dum legatis Al- ' 
lobrogum et T. Volturcio, comprobato eorum indicio, prae- 
mia decernuntur, liberti et pauci ex clientibus Lentuli 
diversis itineribus opifices atque servitia in vicis ad eura 

35 eripiundum sollicitabant, partim exquirebant duces multi- 
tudinum, qui pretio rem publicam vexare soliti erant; 
Cethegus autem per nuntios familiam atque libertos suos, 



DE CATILIKAE CONJURATIONE. 



27 



lectos et exercitatos in audaeiam, orabat ut grege facto 
cum telis ad sese irrumperent. Consul ubi ea parari cog- 
novit, dispositis praesidiis ut res atque tempus monebat, 
convocato senatu, refert quid de eis fieri placeat, qui in 
custodiam traditi erant. Sed eos paulo ante frequens 5 
senatus judicaverat contra rem publicam fecisse. Turn D. 
Junius Silanus, primus sententiam rogatus, quod eo tem- 
pore consul designatus erat, de eis qui in custodiis tene- 
bantur, et praeterea de L. Cassio, P. Furio, P. Umbreno, 
Q. Annio, si deprehensi forent, supplicium sumendum 10 
decreverat; isque postea, permotus oratione C. Caesaris, 
pedibus in sententiam Tib. Neronis iturum se dixerat, 
qui de ea re praesidiis additis referendum censuerat. Sed 
Caesar, ubi ad eum ventum est, rogatus sententiam a con- 
sume, hujusce modi verba locutus est: 15 

LI. "Omnes homines, patres conscript], qui de rebus 
dubiis consultant, ab odio, amicitia, ira atque misericordia 
vacuos esse decet. Hand facile animus verum providet, 
ubi ilia officiunt, neque quisquain omnium libidini simul et 
usui paruit. Ubi intenderis ingenium, valet: si libido 20 
possidet, ea dominatur, animus nihil valet. Magna mihi 
copia est memorandi, patres conscripti, quae reges atque 
populi, ira aut misericordia impulsi, male consuluerint ; 
sed ea malo dicere, quae majores nostri contra libidinem 
animi sui recte atque ordine fecere. Bello Macedonico, 25 
quod cum rege Perse gessimus, Rhodiorum civitas magna 
atque magnifica, quae populi Romani opibus creverat, infi- 
da et adversa nobis fuit ; sed postquam bello confecto de 
Rhodiis consultum est, majores nostri^ ne quis divitiarum 
magis quam injuriae causa bellum inceptum diceret, impu- so 
nitos eos dimisere. Item bellis Punicis omnibus, quum 
saepe Karthaginienses et in pace et per indutias multa 
nefaria facinora fecissent, nunquam ipsi per occasionem 
talia fecere ; magis quid se dignum fcret, quam quid in 
illos jure fieri posset, quaerebant. 35 

Hoc item vobis providendum est, patres conscripti, ne 
plus apud vos valeat P. Lentuli et ceterorum scelus quam 



28 



C. SALLUSTII CRISPI LIBER 



vestra dignitas, neu magis irae vestrae quam famae con- 
sulatis. Nam si digna poena pro factis eorum reperitur, 
novum consilium approbo ; sin magnitudo sceleris omnium 
ingenia exsuperat, eis utendum censeo, quae legibus com- 
5 parata sunt. 

Plerique eorum qui ante me sententias dixerunt, com- 
posite atque magnifice casum rei publicae miserati sunt: 
quae belli saevitia esset, quae victis acciderent, enumera- 
vere; rapi virgines, pueros; divelli liberos a parentum 

10 complexu ; matres familiarum pati quae victoribus col- 
libuissent ; f ana atque domos spoliari ; caedem, incendia 
fieri; postremo armis, cadaveribus, cruore atque luctu 
omnia compleri. Sed, per deos immortales, quo ilia ora- 
tio pertinuit ? An, uti vos inf estos conjurationi f aceret ? 

15 Scilicet quern res tanta et tarn atrox non permovit, eum 
oratio accendet. Non ita est, neque cuiquam mortalium 
injuriae suae parvae videntur: multi eas gravius aequo 
habuere. 

Sed alia aliis licentia est, patres conscripti, Qui de- 

20 missi in obscuro vitani habent, si quid iracundia deliquere, 
pauci sciunt, fama atque fortuna eorum pares sunt ; qui 
magno imperio praediti in excelso aetatem agunt, eorum 
facta cuncti mortales novere. Ita in maxima fortuna 
minima licentia est ; neque studere neque odisse, sed mini- 

25 me irasci decet ; quae apud alios iracundia dicitur, ea in 
imperio superbia atque crudelitas appellatur. Equidem 
ego sic existimo, patres conscripti, omnes cruciatus mi- 
nores quam facinora illorum esse ; sed plerique mortales 
postrema meminere, et in hominibus impiis, sceleris eorum 

30 obliti, de poena disserunt si ea paulo severior fuit. 

D. Silanum, virum fort em atque strenuum, certo scio 
quae dixerit studio rei publicae dixisse, neque ilium in 
tanta re gratiam aut inimicitias exercere ; eos mores eam- 
que modestiam viri cognovi. Verum sententia ejus mihi 

35 non crudelis — quid enim in tales homines crudele fieri po- 
test ? — sed aliena a re publica nostra videtur. Nam pro- 
fecto aut metus aut injuria te subegit, Silane, consulem 



DE CATILINAE CONJURATIONE. 



29 



designatum, genus poenae novum decernere. De timore 
supervacaneum est disserere, quum praesertim, diligentia 
clarissimi viri consulis, tanta praesidia sint in armis. De 
poena possum equidem dicere — id quod res habet — in luctu 
atque miseriis mortem aerumnarum requiem, non cruciatum 5 
esse; earn cuncta mortalium mala dissolvere; ultra neque 
curae neque gaudio locum esse. Sed, per deos immortales, 
quam ob rem in sententia non addidisti, uti prius verberi- 
bus in eos animadverteretur ? An quia lex Porcia vetat ? 
At aliae leges item condemnatis civibus non animam eripi, 10 
sed exsilium permitti jubent. An quia gravius est verbe- 
rari quam necari ? Quid autem acerbum aut nimis grave 
est in homines tanti f acinoris convictos ? Sin quia levius 
est, qui convenit in minore negotio legem timere, quum 
earn in majore neglexeris ? 15 

At enim quis reprehendet, quod in parricidas rei pub- 
licae decretum erit ? Tempus, dies, fortuna, cujus libido 
gentibus moderatur. Illis merito accidet, quicquid evene- 
rit; ceterum vos, patres conscripti, quid in alios statuatis 
considerate. Omnia mala exempla ex rebus bonis orta 20 
sunt ; sed ubi imperium ad ignaros aut minus bonos per- 
venit, novum illud exemplum ab dignis et idoneis ad in- 
dignos et non idoneos transfertur. Lacedaemonii devictis 
Atheniensibus triginta viros imposuere, qui rem publicam 
eorum tractarent. Ei primo coepere pessimum quemque 25 
et omnibus invisum indemnatum necare ; ea populus laetari 
et merito dicere fieri: post, ubi paulatim licentia crevit, 
juxta bonos et malos libidinose interficere, ceteros metu 
terrere. Ita civitas, servitute oppressa, stultae laetitiae 
graves poenas dedit. Nostra memoria victor Sulla, quum 30 
Damasippum et alios ejus modi, qui malo rei publicae 
creverant, jugulari jussit, quis non factum ejus laudabat ? 
Homines scelestos et factiosos, qui seditionibus rem publi- 
cam exagitaverant, merito necatos aiebant. Sed ea res 
magnae initium cladis fuit. Nam uti quisque domum aut 35 
viilam, postremo vas aut vestimentum alicujus coucupive- 
rat, dabat operam, ut is in proscriptorum numero esset. 



30 



C. SALLUSTII CRISPI LIBER 



Ita illi, quibus Damasippi mors laetitiae fuerat, paulo post 
ipsi trahebantur ; neque prius finis jugulandi fuit quam 
Sulla omnes suos divitiis explevit. Atque ego haec non in 
M. Tullio neque his temporibus vereor ; sed in magna 
5 civitate multa et varia ingenia sunt. Potest alio tempore, 
alio consule, cui item exercitus in manu sit, falsum aliquid 
pro vero credi : ubi hoc exemplo per senati decretum con- 
sul gladium eduxerit, quis illi flnem statuet, aut quis 
moderabitur ? 

10 Majores nostri, patres conscripti, neque consilii neque 
audaciae unquam eguere, neque illis superbia obstabat, 
quo minus aliena instituta, si modo proba erant, imitaren- 
tur. Arma atque tela militaria ab Samnitibus, insignia 
magistratuum ab Tuscis pleraque sumpserunt; postremo 

15 quod ubique apud socios aut hostes idoneum videbatur, 
cum summo studio domi exsequebantur : imitari quam in- 
videre bonis malebant. Sed eodem illo tempore Graeciae 
morem imitati verberibus animadvertebant in cives, de 
condemnatis sum mum supplicium sumebant. Postquam 

20 res publica adolevit et multitudine civium factiones valu- 
ere, circumveniri innocentes, alia hujusce modi fieri coe- 
pere ; turn lex Porcia aliaeque leges paratae sunt, quibus 
legibus exsilium damnatis permissum est. Plane ego cau- 
sam, patres conscripti, quo minus novum consilium capia- 

25 mus, in primis magnam puto. Profecto virtus atque sapi- 
entia major in illis fuit, qui ex parvis opibus tantum 
imperium fecere, quam in nobis, qui ea bene parta vix 
retinemus. 

Placet igitur eos dimitti et augeri exercitum Catilinae ? 

SO Minime. Sed ita censeo : publicandas eorum pecunias ; 
ipsos in vinculis habendos per municipia, quae maxim e opi- 
bus valent ; neu quis de eis postea ad senatum referat, neve 
cum populo agat; qui aliter fecerit, senatum existimare 
eum contra rem publicam et salutem omnium facturum." 

85 LII. Postquam Caesar dicendi finem fecit, ceteri verbo 
alius alii varie assentiebaritur. At M. Porcius Cato, roga- 
tus sententiam, hujusce modi oration em habuit : 



BE CATILINAE CONJURATXONE. 



31 



" Longe mihi alia mens est, patres conscripti, quum res 
atque pericula nostra considero, et quum sententias non- 
nullorum ipse mecum reputo. Illi mihi disseruisse viden- 
tur de poena eorum, qui patriae, parentibus, aris atque 
focis suis bellum paravere; res autem monet cavere ab 5 
illis magis quam, quid in illos statuamus, consultary Nam 
cetera maleficia turn persequare, ubi facta sunt ; hoc, nisi 
provideris ne accidat, ubi evenit, f rustra judicia implores : 
capta urbe, nihil fit reliqui victis. Sed, per deos immor- 
tales, vos ego appello, qui semper domos, villas, signa, 10 
tabulas vestras pluris quam rem publicam fecistis: si ista, 
cujuscumque modi sunt quae amplexamini, retinere, si 
voluptatibus vestris otium praebere vultis, expergiscimini 
aliquando et capessite rem publicam. Non agitur de vec- 
tigalibus neque de sociorum injuriis: libertas et anima 15 
nostra in dubio est. 

Saepenumero, patres conscripti, multa verba in hoc or- 
dine feci, saepe de luxuria atque avaritia nostrorum civium 
questus sum, multosque mortales ea causa adversos habeo : 
qui mihi atque animo meo nullius unquam delicti gratiam 20 
fecissem, haud facile alterius libidini malefacta condona- 
bam. Sed ea tametsi vos parvi pendebatis, tamen res pub- 
lica firma erat: opulentia neglegentiam tolerabat. Nunc 
vero non id agitur, bonisne an malis moribus vivamus, 
neque quantum aut quam magnificum imperium populi 25 
Romani sit; sed haec, cujuscumque modi videntur, nostra 
an nobiscum una hostium futura sint. Hie mihi quisquam 
mansuetudinem et misericordiam nominat? Jam pridem 
equidem nos vera vocabula rerum amisimus; quia bona 
aliena largiri liberalitas, malarum rerum audacia fortitudo 30 
vocatur, eo res publica in extremo sita est. Sint sane, 
quoniam ita se mores habent, liberales ex sociorum fortu- 
nis, sint misericordes in furibus aerarii ; ne illi sanguinem 
nostrum largiantur, et, dum paucis sceleratis parcunt, 
bonos omnes perditum eant. 35 

Bene et composite C. Caesar paulo ante in hoc ordine 
de vita et morte disseruit, credo falsa existimans ea quae 



32 



C. SALLUSTII CRISPI LIBER 



de inferis memorantur, diverso itinere malos a bonis loca 
taetra, inculta, foeda atque formidulosa habere. Itaque 
censuit pecunias eorum publicandas, ipsos per munieipia in 
custodiis habendos ; videlicet timens ne, si Romae sint, 
5 aut a popularibus conjurationis aut a multitudine conducta 
per vim eripiantur. Quasi vero mali atque scelesti tantum 
modo in urbe et non per totam Italiam sint ; aut non ibi 
plus possit audacia, ubi ad defendendum opes minores 
sunt. Quare vanum equidem hoc consilium est, si pericu- 

10 lum ex illis metuit ; sin in tanto omnium metu solus non 
timet, eo magis refert me mihi atque vobis timere. Quare 
quum de P. Lentulo ceterisque statuetis, pro certo habe- 
tote, vos simul de exercitu Catilinae et de omnibus conju- 
ratis decernere. Quanto vos attentius ea agetis, tanto 

15 illis animus infirmior erit: si paululum modo vos languere 
viderint, jam omnes feroces aderunt. 

Nolite existimare majores nostros armis rem publicam 
ex parva magnam fecisse. Si ita res esset, multo pulcher- 
rimam earn nos haberemus ; quippe sociorum atque civium, 

20 praeterea armorum atque equorum major copia nobis quam 
illis est. Sed alia fuere, quae illos magnos fecere, quae 
nobis nulla sunt: domi industria, foris justum imperium ; 
animus in consulendo liber, neque delicto neque libidini 
obnoxius. Pro his nos habemus luxuriam atque avaritiam, 

25 publice egestatem, privatim opulentiam ; laudamus diviti- 
as, sequimur inertiam ; inter bonos et malos discrimen 
nullum ; omnia virtu tis praemia ambitio possidet. Neque 
minim : ubi vos separatim sibi quisque consilium capitis, 
ubi domi voluptatibus, hie pecuniae aut gratiae servitis, eo 

30 fit, ut impetus fiat in vacuam rem publicam. 

Sed ego haec omitto. Conjuravere nobilissimi cives 
patriam incendere, Gallorum gentem infestissimam nomini 
Romano ad bellum arcessunt, dux hostium cum exercitu 
supra caput est: vos cunctamini etiam nunc, quid intra 

35 moenia deprehensis hostibus faciatis ? Misereamini censeo 
— deliquere homines adulescentuli per ambitionem — atque 
etiam armatos diraittatis. Ne ista vobis mansuetudo et 



DE CATILINAE CONJURATIONE. 



33 



misericordia, si illi arma ceperint, in miseriam convertet. 
Scilicet res ipsa aspera est, sed vos non timetis earn. Im- 
mo vero maxime : sed inertia et mollitia animi alius alium 
exspectantes cunctamini, videlicet deis immortalibus con- 
fisi, qui hanc rem publicam saepe in maximis periculis 5 
servavere. Non votis neque suppliciis muliebribus auxilia 
deorum parantur : vigilando, agendo, bene consulendo 
prospere omnia cedunt: ubi socordiae te atque ignaviae 
tradideris, nequiquam deos implores ; irati inf estique sunt. 
Apud majores nostros T. Manlius Torquatus bello Gallico 10 
filium suum, quod is contra imperium in hostem pugnave- 
rat, necari jussit, atque ille egregius adulescens immode- 
ratae fortitudinis morte poenas dedit : vos de crudelissimis 
parricidis quid statuatis cunctamini? Videlicet cetera 
vita eorum huic sceleri obstat. Verum parcite dignitati 15 
Lentuli, si ipse pudicitiae, si famae suae, si deis aut ho- 
minibus unquam ullis pepercit : ignoscite Cethegi adules- 
centiae, nisi iterum patriae bellum fecit. Nam quid ego 
de Gabinio, Statilio, Caepario loquar? Quibus si quic- 
quam unquam pensi fuisset, non ea consilia de re publica 20 
habuissent. Postremo, patres conscripti, si mehercules 
peccato locus esset, facile paterer vos ipsa re corrigi, 
quoniam verba contemnitis ; sed undique circumventi su- 
mus. Catilina cum exercitu faucibus urget, alii intra 
moenia atque in sinu urbis sunt hostes, neque parari ne- 25 
que consuli quicquam potest occulte: quo magis prope- 
randum est. 

Quare ego ita censeo : quum nefario consilio scelera- 
torum civium res publica in maxima pericula venerit, eique 
indicio T. Volturcii et legatorum Allobrogum convicti con- 80 
fessique sint, caedem, incendia aliaque se foeda atque 
crudelia facinora in cives patriamque paravisse, de confes- 
sis, sicuti de manifestis rerum capitalium, more majorum 
supplicium sumendum." 

LIII. Postquam Cato assedit, consulares omnes item- 35 
que senatus magna pars sententiam ejus laudant, virtu- 
tem animi ad caelum ferunt ; alii alios increpantes timidos 



34 



C. SALLUSTII CMSPI LIBER 



vocant, Cato clarus atque magnus habetur ; senati decre- 
tum fit sicut ille censuerat. 

Sed mihi multa legenti, multa audienti, quae populus 
Romanus domi militiaeque, mari atque terra praeclara fa- 
5 cinora fecit, forte libuit attendere, quae res maxime tanta 
negotia sustinuisset. Sciebam saepenumero parva manu 
cum magnis legionibus hostium contendisse ; cognoveram 
parvis copiis bella gesta cum opulentis regibus; ad hoc 
saepe fortunae violentiam toleravisse ; facundia Graecos, 

10 gloria belli Gallos ante Romanos fuisse. Ac mihi multa 
agitanti coristabat paucorum civium egregiam virtutem 
cuncta patravisse, eoque factum uti divitias paupertas, 
multitudinem paucitas superaret. Sed postquam luxu at- 
que desidia civitas corrupta est, rursus res publica magni- 

15 tudine sua imperatorum atque magistratuum vitia sustenta- 
bat, ac multis tempestatibus haud sane quisquam Romae 
virtute magnus fuit. Sed memoria mea ingenti virtute, 
diversis moribus fuere viri duo, 51. Cato et C. Caesar. Quos 
quoniam res obtulerat, silentio praeterire non fuit consili- 

20 um, quin utriusque naturam et mores, quantum ingenio 
possem, aperirem. 

LIV. Igitur eis genus, aetas, eloquentia, prope aequa- 
lia fuere, magnitudo animi par, item gloria, sed alia alii. 
Caesar beneficiis ac munificentia magnus habebatur, in- 

25 tegritate vitae Cato. Ille mansuetudine et misericordia 
clarus fact us, huic se Veritas dignitatem addiderat. Caesar 
dando, sublevando, ignoscendo, Cato nihil largiundo glo- 
riam adeptus est. In altero miseris perfugium erat, in 
altero malis pernicies ; illius facilitas, hujus constantia 

30 laudabatur. Postremo Caesar in animum induxerat labo- 
rare, vigilare, negotiis amicorum intentus sua neglegere, 
nihil denegare quod dono dignum esset ; sibi magnum im- 
perium, exercitum, bellum novum exoptabat, ubi virtus 
enitescere posset. At Catoni studium modestiae, decoris, 

35 sed maxime severitatis erat ; non divitiis cum divite neque 
factione cum factioso, sed cum strenuo virtute, cum mo- 
desto pudore, cum innocente abstinentia certabat; esse 



DE CATILINAE CONJURATIONE. 



35 



quam videri bonus malebat ; ita, quo minus petebat glo- 
riam ? eo magis ilium sequebatur. 

LV. Postquam, ut dixi, senatus in Catonis sententiam 
discessit, consul, optimum factu ratus noctem quae instabat 
antecapere, ne quid eo spatio novaretur, tresviros quae ad 5 
supplicium postulabat parare jubet ; ipse, praesidiis dis- 
positis, Lentulum in carcerem deducit ; idem fit ceteris per 
praetores. Est in carcere locus quod Tullianum appella- 
tur, ubi paululum descenderis ad laevam, circiter duodecim 
pedes humi depressus. Eum muniunt undique parietes 10 
atque insuper camera lapideis fornicibus juncta, sed incultu, 
tenebris, odore, foeda atque terribilis ejus facies est. In 
eum locum postquam demissus est Lentulus, vindices rerum 
capitalium quibus praeceptum erat laqueo gulam fregere. 
Ita ille patricius ex gente clarissima Corneliorum, qui con- 15 
sulare imperium Romae habuerat, dignum moribus factis- 
que suis exitium vitae invenit. De Cethego, Statilio, Ga- 
binio, Caepario, eodem modo supplicium sumptum est. 

LVI. Dum ea Romae geruntur, Catilina ex omni copia 
quam et ipse adduxerat et Manlius habuerat, duas legiones 20 
instituit, cohortes pro numero militum complet ; deinde, 
ut quisque voluntarius aut ex sociis in castra venerat, 
aequaliter distribuerat, ac brevi spatio legiones numero 
hominum expleverat, quum initio non amplius duobus mili- 
bus habuisset. Sed ex omni copia circiter pars quarta erat 25 
militaribus armis instructa ; ceteri, ut quemque casus ar- 
maverat, sparos aut lanceas, alii praeacutas sudes portabant. 
Sed postquam Antonius cum exercitu advent abat, Catilina 
per montes iter facere, modo ad urbem, modo in Galliam 
versus castra movere, hostibus occasionem pugnandi non 30 
dare : sperabat propediem magnas copias sese habiturum, 
si Romae socii incepta patravissent. Interea servitia re- 
pudiabat, cujus initio ad eum magnae copiae concurrebant, 
opibus conjurationis fretus ; simul alienum suis rationibus 
existimans, videri causam civium cum servis fugitivis com- 35 
municavisse. 

LVII. Sed postquam in castra nuntius pervenit Romae 



36 



C. SALLUSTII CRISPI LIBER 



conjurationem patefactam, de Lentulo et Cethego ceteris- 
que quos supra memoravi supplicium sumptum, plerique, 
quos ad bellum spes rapinarum aut novarum rerum studium 
illexerat, dilabuntur ; reliquos Catilina per montes asperos 
5 magnis itineribus in agrum Pistoriensem abducit, eo con- 
silio, uti per tramites occulte perfugeret in Galliam Trans- 
alpinam. 

At Q. Metellus Celer cum tribus legionibus in agro 
Piceno praesidebat, ex difficultate rerum eadem ilia existi- 

10 mans quae supra diximus, Catilinam agitare. Igitur ubi 
iter ejus ex perfugis cognovit, castra propere movit ac sub 
ipsis radicibus montium eonsedit, qua illi descensus erat 
in Galliam properanti. Neque tamen Antonius procul 
aberat, utpote qui magno exercitu, locis aequioribus ex- 

15 peditus, in fuga sequeretur. Sed Catilina, postquam videt 
montibus atque copiis hostium sese clausum, in urbe res 
adversas, neque fugae neque praesidii ullam spem, opti- 
mum factu ratus in tali re f ortunam belli tentare, statuit 
cum Antonio quam priraum confligere. Itaque, contione 

20 advocata, hujusce modi orationem habuit : 

LVIIL " Compertum ego habeo, milites, verba virtu- 
tem non addere, neque ex ignavo strenuum neque fortem 
ex timido exercitum oratione imperatoris fieri. Quanta 
cujusque animo audacia natura aut moribus inest, tanta in 

25 bello patere solet ; quern neque gloria neque pericula ex- 
citant, nequiquam hortere; timor animi auribus officit. 
Sed ego vos quo pauca monerem advocavi, simul uti cau- 
sam mei consilii aperirem. 

Scitis equidem, milites, socordia atque ignavia Lentuli 

SO quantam ipsi nobisque cladem attulerit, quoque modo, 
dum ex urbe praesidia opperior, in Galliam proficisci ne- 
quiverim. Nunc vero quo in loco res nostrae sint, juxta 
mecum omnes intellegitis. Exercitus hostium duo, unus 
ab urbe, alter a Gallia obstant ; diutius in his locis esse, si 

35 maxime animus ferat, frumenti atque aliarum rerum eges- 
tas prohibet ; quocumque ire placet, f erro iter aperiundum 
est. Quapropter vos moneo, uti forti atque parato animo 



DE CATILINAE CONJURATIONE. 



37 



sitis, et quum proelium inibitis memineritis vos divitias, 
decus, gloriam, praeterea libertatem atque patriam in dex- 
tris vestris portare. Si vincimus, omnia nobis tuta erunt, 
commeatus abunde, municipia atque coloniae patebunt; 
sin metu cesserimus, eadem ilia adversa fient ; neque locus 5 
neque amicus quisquam teget, quern arma non texerint. 
Praeterea, milites, non eadem nobis et illis necessitudo 
impendet ; nos pro patria, pro libertate, pro vita certamus ; 
illis supervacaneum est pro potentia paucorum pugnare. 

Quo audacius aggredimini, memores pristinae virtutis. 10 
Licuit vobis cum summa turpitudine in exsilio aetatem 
agere, potuistis nonnulli Romae amissis bonis alienas opes 
exspectare ; quia ilia foeda atque intoleranda viris vide- 
bantur, haec sequi decrevistis. Si haec relinquere vultis, 
audacia opus est ; nemo nisi victor pace bellum mutavit. 15 
Nam in fuga salutem sperare, quum arma, quibus corpus 
tegitur, ab hostibus averteris, ea vero dementia est. Sem- 
per in proelio eis maximum est periculum qui maxime 
timent, audacia pro muro habetur. 

Quum vos considero, milites, et quum facta vestra aesti- 20 
mo, magna me spes victoriae tenet. Animus, aetas, virtus 
vestra me hortantur, praeterea necessitudo, quae etiam 
timidos fortes facit. Nam multitudo hostium ne circum- 
venire queat, prohibent angustiae loci. Quod si virtuti 
vestrae fortuna inviderit, cavete inulti animam amittatis, 25 
neu capti potius sicuti pecora trucidemini, quam virorum 
more pugnantes cruentam atque luctuosam victoriam hosti- 
bus relinquatis." 

LIX. Haec ubi dixit, paululum commoratus, signa 
canere jubet atque instructos ordines in locum aequum 30 
deducit. Dein, remotis omnium equis, quo militibus exae- 
quato periculo animus amplior esset, ipse pedes exercitum 
pro loco atque copiis instruit. Nam, uti planities erat in- 
ter sinistros montes et ab dextra rupe aspera, octo cohortes 
in fronte constituit, reliquarum signa in subsidio artius 35 
collocat; ab eis centuriones omnes, lectos, et evocatos, 
praeterea ex gregariis militibus optimum quemque arma- 



38 



C. SALLUSTII GRISPI LIBER 



turn in primam aciem subducit. C. Manlium in dextra, 
Faesulanum quendam in sinistra parte curare jubet ; ipse 
cum libertis et calonibus propter aquilam adsistit, quam 
bello Cirabrico 0. Marius in exercitu habuisse dicebatur. 
5 At ex altera parte C. Antonius, pedibus aeger, quod 
proelio adesse nequibat, M. Petreio legato exercitum per- 
mittit. Ille cohortes veteranas, quas tumulti causa con- 
scripserat, in fronte, post eas ceterurn exercitum in sub- 
sidiis locat ; ipse equo circumiens, unumquemque nominans 

10 appellat, hortatur, rogat, ut meminerint se contra latrones 
inermes, pro patria, pro liberis, pro aris atque focis suis 
certare. Homo militaris, quod amplius annos triginta 
tribunus aut praefectus aut legatus aut praetor cum magna 
gloria in exercitu fuerat, plerosque ipsos factaque eorum 

15 fortia noverat ; ea commemorando militum animos accen- 
debat. 

LX. Sed ubi, omnibus rebus exploratis, Petreius tuba 
signum dat, cohortes paulatim incedere jubet, idem facit 
hostium exercitus. Postquam eo ventum est, unde a feren- 

20 tariis proelium committi posset, maximo clam ore cum in- 
festis signis concurrunt, pila omittunt, gladiis res geritur. 
Veterani, pristinae virtutis memores, comminus acriter 
instare, illi haud timidi resistunt; maxima vi certatur. 
Interea Catilina cum expeditis in prima acie versari, labo- 

25 rantibus succurrere, integros pro sauciis arcessere, omnia 
providere, multum ipse pugnare, saepe hostem ferire ; 
strenui militis et boni imperatoris officia simul exseque- 
batur. Petreius, ubi videt Catilinam, contra ac ratus erat, 
magna vi tendere, cohortem praetoriam in medios hostes 

30 inducit, eosque perturbatos atque alios alibi resistentes 
interficit ; deinde utrimque ex lateribus ceteros aggredi- 
tur. Manlius et Faesulanus in primis pugnantes cadunt. 
Catilina, postquam fusas copias seque cum paucis relictum 
videt, memor generis atque pristinae suae dignitatis, in 

35 confertissimos hostes incurrit ibique pugnans confoditur. 

LXI. Sed confecto proelio, turn vero cerneres quanta 
audacia quantaque animi vis f uisset in exercitu Catilinae. 



DE CATILINAE CONJTJRATIONE. 



39 



Nam fere quern quisque vivus pugnando locum ceperat, 
eum amissa anima corpore tegebat. Pauci autem, quos 
medios cohors praetoria disjecerat, paulo diversius, sed 
omnes tamen adversis vulneribus conciderant. Catilina 
vero longe a suis inter hostium cadavera repertus est, 5 
paululum etiam spirans ferociamque animi, quam habuerat 
vivus, in vultu retinens. Postremo ex omni copia neque 
in proelio neque in fuga quisquam civis ingenuus captus 
est : ita cuncti suae hostiumque vitae juxta pepercerant. 

Neque tamen exercitus populi Romani laetam aut in- 10 
cruentam victoriam adeptus erat ; nam strenuissimus quis* 
que aut occiderat in proelio aut graviter vulneratus dis- 
cesserat. Multi autem, qui e castris visendi aut spoliandi 
gratia processerant, volventes hostilia cadavera, amicum 
alii, pars hospitem aut cognatum reperiebant ; fuere item 15 
qui inimicos suos cognoscerent. Ita varie per omnem ex- 
ercitum laetitia, maeror, luctus atque gaudia agitabantur. 



NOTES. 



REFERENCES AND ABBREVIATIONS. 



Numerals with 44 G." refer to the author's Latin Grammar ; with 4 4 L. C." 
or ' 4 Lat. Comp.," to his Introduction to Latin Composition ; with 44 p." or 
44 pp." to pages in this work. In the Dictionary, the Eoman numerals in 
small capitals refer to the chapters of the text. The following abbrevia- 
tions also occur : 





. abbreviation. 




. ablative. 




. absolute. 




. accusative. 




. adjective. 




. adverb. 




. comparative. 




. conjunction. 




. dative. 


def. 


. defective. 




. demonstrative. 




. deponent. 




. dictionary. 




. diminutive. 




. distributive. 


e. g., exempli \ 
gratia ) 


.for example. 


etc., et cetera . 


. and so forth. 


f. 


. feminine. 




. frequentative. 




. genitive. 


i. e., id est . . 


. that is. 




. imperative. 


impers. . . . 


. impersonal. 




. inceptive. 


indecl 


. indeclinable. 




. indefinite. 


inf. 


. infinitive. 



insep inseparable. 

interj interjection. 

interrog. . . . interrogative. 

intr intransitive. 

1 line. 

lit literally. 

m masculine. 

n neuter. 

nom nominative. 

num numeral. 

obs obsolete. 

part participle. 

pass passive. 

perf. perfect. 

pi plural. 

poss possessive. 

prep preposition. 

pres present. 

pron pronoun. 

Sail Sallust. 

sc., scilicet . . . namely, understood, 
semi-dep. . . . semi-deponent. 

sing. singular. 

subj. ..... subjunctive. 

sup superlative. 

syn eynonymes. 

tr. transitive. 

v. ...... . verb. 



i 



NOTES 



INTRODUCTION. 

L. Sergius Catiline, the conspirator, belonged to a patrician 
family which had become greatly impoverished. He was, there- 
fore, the heir to a noble name, but to no large estates. Unprin- 
cipled and reckless, he early perverted to the basest uses the 
remarkable powers of body and mind with which he had been 
endowed by nature. As a zealous partisan of Sulla, he acted a 
conspicuous part in the bloody proscriptions which followed the 
triumph of the dictator. Among the victims who perished at his 
hands was his own brother-in-law, Quintus Caecilius. 

Catiline held the office of praetor in the year 68 B. C, was 
governor of Africa in 67, and returned to Rome in 66 to canvass 
for the consulship, but being accused of maladministration in his 
province, he was compelled to relinquish his suit. Burning with 
rage and unable to brook disappointment, he at once entered 
into an alliance with Cn. Calpurnius Piso, a young but profligate 
patrician, and P. Autronius Paetus, who, having been convicted 
of bribery, was disqualified from entering upon the duties of the 
consulship to which he had been elected. The plan of the con- 
spirators was to murder the consuls on the first of January, during 
the ceremonies of inauguration, after which Catiline and Autro- 
nius were to seize the consular power, and Piso to take possession 
of the Spanish provinces. The execution of the plan was, how- 
ever, subsequently deferred to the fifth of February, when it was 
fortunately frustrated by a mistake on the part of Catiline, who 
gave the signal before his accomplices were ready for action. 

In June, 64 B. C, Catiline resumed his revolutionary schemes 
on a larger scale and with renewed energy. Rome at that time 
furnished him abundant materials for such a work in the throngs 
of luxurious spendthrifts, desperate insolvents, and reckless ad- 
3 



44 



INTRODUCTION. 



venturers, who filled her streets. He soon numbered among his 
accomplices eleven senators, four members of the equestrian order, 
and several men of position and influence in the provincial towns. 
Thus strengthened, he boldly presented himself as a candidate for 
the consulship, but defeat awaited him. Marcus Cicero the orator 
and Gaius Antonius were elected consuls, the former by an over- 
whelming majority. 

This was a severe disappointment for Catiline, but it only 
rendered him more reckless than ever in his revolutionary designs. 
He had entered upon a desperate game, and he resolved to hazard 
everything, to win or die. He established the headquarters of 
his movement at Faesulae, in Etruria, under the command of 
Gaius Manlius, an insolvent and revolutionist, who had served as 
a centurion under Sulla. He raised money upon his own credit 
and that of his friends, collected stores of arms at convenient 
centres in different portions of Italy, and endeavored to enlist in 
his cause the desperate and abandoned of both sexes and of all 
ranks. His audacity aimed at nothing less than the overthrow of 
the government. He proposed to seize all the offices of trust and 
emolument, to cancel debts, to confiscate the property of the rich, 
and, in fine, to reenact the bloody scenes of Sulla's proscriptions. 

It was at such a crisis that, on the first of January in that 
memorable year, 63 B. C, Cicero, the accomplished orator and 
scholar, entered upon the arduous and perilous duties of the con- 
sulship. A base and nefarious conspiracy against the government 
was rapidly consummating its work, a bloody revolution was im- 
minent, and even his own colleague in the consulship, Gaius An- 
tonius, was supposed to be more or less in sympathy with the 
treasonable movement. But Cicero proved himself equal to the 
emergency. He secured the passive cooperation of Antonius by 
offering, at the outset, to transfer to him the rich province of 
Macedonia at the expiration of his term of office. He, moreover, 
opened communication with Quintus Curius, one of the accom- 
plices of Catiline, and, by means of large promises, engaged him 
to keep the government informed in regard to all the movements 
of the conspirators. Curius proved a faithful and trustworthy 
agent. 

When the consular election for 62 B. C. approached, Catiline, 
once more a candidate, determined not to suffer another defeat. 
He accordingly adopted the bold project of murdering the pre- 
siding consul, and, if need be, the rival candidates, and of carry- 



CONSPIRACY OF CATILINE. 



45 



ing the election by force of arms. In view of these dangers, the 
election was deferred until the twenty-first of October, and, after- 
ward, until the twenty- eighth. On the twenty-first of that month 
the senate assembled to consider the state of the nation, and 
at that session Cicero, in the presence of Catiline, exposed the 
revolutionary designs of the conspirators, whereupon the senate 
clothed the consuls with dictatorial powers for the safety of the 
republic. On the twenty-eighth, the comitia met according to 
appointment ; Cicero appeared in the Campus Martius, surrounded 
by a strong body-guard of armed men. The resolute bearing of 
the consul and his formidable guard so overawed the conspirators 
that no disturbance was made. Catiline was again defeated; 
Decimus Silanus and Lucius Murena were elected consuls for the 
ensuing year. 

In the mean time, civil war had already commenced ; Manlius 
was in arms against the republic. On the night of the fifth of 
November, Catiline met the most prominent of his partisans at 
the house of Marcus Laeca. He announced his purpose to join 
the army at the earliest possible date, assigned to the leaders 
their several parts in the work of the conspiracy, and urged upon 
them the importance of taking the life of Cicero. Two of his 
agents at once promised to call upon the consul the next morning 
and assassinate him in his own house ; but Cicero, forewarned in 
regard to their purpose, refused to admit them. 

On the seventh of November, the senate met, for greater se- 
curity, in the Temple of Jupiter Stator, which was guarded by 
Roman knights. Catiline, contrary to the expectation of all, had 
the effrontery to present himself at the meeting, but no greeting 
welcomed him to his accustomed place; the seats in his vicinity 
were instantly vacated; the traitor sat alone, an object of scorn 
and contempt. It was then that Cicero, the consul, giving utter- 
ance to his indignation in a torrent of invective, pronounced his 
First Oration against Catiline, 

The effect was perfectly electrical. Catiline was for the mo- 
ment paralyzed, but, quickly recovering his self-possession and 
assuming the tone of injured innocence, he implored the senate 
not to trust the base slanders which the consul had heaped upon 
him ; he even ventured upon harsh and abusive language against 
Cicero, but his voice was at once drowned with cries of " Enemy ! M 
" Traitor ! " from the whole assembly. That night he left the city. 

On the following day, the eighth of November, Cicero deliv- 



46 



INTRODUCTION. 



ered his Second Oration against Catiline before the people in the 
Forum. His object was to justify the course which he had pur- 
sued in relation to the conspiracy, to allay the general excitement, 
and to intimidate the conspirators who had not yet left the city. 

In the mean time, Catiline had repaired to the camp of Han- 
lius, and had assumed the fasces and other insignia of consular 
power. The senate accordingly declared him an outlaw, ordered 
new levies of troops, and dispatched able leaders to different 
parts of the country where danger was apprehended. Cicero was 
directed to guard the city, and Antonius was appointed to the 
command of the army destined against Catiline. 

According to the plan which Catiline unfolded to his associ- 
ates before his departure, Cethegus was to assassinate the consul 
Cicero, the praetor Lentulus was charged with the general man- 
agement of the affairs of the conspiracy in the capital, Gabinius 
and Statilius were to fire the city, and, in the midst of the general 
confusion attendant upon the conflagration, the conspirators were 
to open communication with Catiline. But, while the execution 
of the bloody plot was delayed, a deputation from the AUobroges 
in Gaul visited Kome, to present certain complaints against the 
provincial government. Lentulus, taking advantage of their 
disaffection, endeavored to interest them in the conspiracy, but 
Cicero finally succeeded in securing their cooperation, and, seeing 
that they could be made very useful to the government, en- 
couraged them to continue their negotiations with the conspira- 
tors, and obtain from them a written statement of the proposition 
which they were to make to their people. The experiment was 
perfectly successful. The required statement, bearing the signa- 
tures of Lentulus, Cethegus, and Statilius, was readily obtained. 
The Gallic ambassadors, having finished their work, left Rome 
on the night of the second of December, accompanied by Titus 
Yolturcius, the bearer of dispatches for Catiline ; but they had 
proceeded only a short distance beyond the city gate when they 
fell into the hands of an armed force in the employ of the gov- 
ernment. Lentulus, Cethegus, Statilius, and Gabinius, were ar- 
rested the next morning. Later in the day, the prisoners were 
all brought before the bar of the senate, then assembled in the 
Temple of Concord. The evidence of their guilt was overwhelm- 
ing, and was finally confirmed by their own confessions. 

After the adjournment of the senate, Cicero addressed the 
people on the great events of the day in his Third Oration against 



CONSPIRACY OF CATILINE. 



Catiline. The indignation against the conspirators became al- 
most ungovernable ; execrations were heaped upon Catiline ; 
Cicero was the hero of the hour. 

On the fifth of December, the senate met in the Temple of 
Concord, to decide the fate of the prisoners. D. Junius Silanus, 
consul- elect, recommended the punishment of death, but C. Julius 
Caesar, praetor-elect, objected to capital punishment as illegal, 
and recommended imprisonment for life. It was in the course of 
this debate that Cicero pronounced his Fourth Oration against 
Catiline. The sentence of death was decreed by the senate, and 
executed that very night, under the direction of the consul himself. 

In the mean time, Catiline was in Etruria at the head of a 
formidable force, where, in the ensuing spring, he was defeated 
in a desperate contest, and fell in the thickest of the fight. 



48 



NOTES. 



CONSPIRACY OF CATILINE. 

ANALYSIS. 

I. Introduction. I. — IV. 
II. The Character of Catiline. V. 

III. The Character of the Romans in Different Ages. VI. — XIII. 

IV. The Associates of Catiline. XIV. — XVII. 

V. Catiline's Earlier Attempt at Conspiracy. XVIII., XIX. 
VI. The Great Conspiracy. XX. — LXI. 



I. — IV. Introduction. The Powers of Man, and their 
proper Use. The Work of the Historian. 

PAGE 

1 1. Sese ; the subject of Jyraestare, expressed for emphasis. Observe 

that it is also in the reduplicated form and in an emphatic position, 
before student. 

2. Ne trans eant; Negative Purpose. G. 497. — Silent io, in ob- 
scurity ; lit., in silence; i. e., without being spoken of, without doing any- 
thing worthy of mention. 

3. Pecora; subject of transeunt, to be supplied. — Prona, grovel- 
ling, inclined downward, bowed to the ground, while man stands erect. 

— Ventri oboedientia, slaves to appetite ; lit, obeying, etc. 

4. Nostra vis, our strength, in distinction from that of the lower 
animals. 

5. Animi . . . utimur == animo imperatore, corpore servo magis 
utimur, we employ the mind more as our ruler (lit., the rule or sway of the 
mind), the body as our servant (lit., the service of the body). G. 421, 1. 

6. Alteram — alter um ; i. e., animi imperium — corporis servitium. 
—Nobis; G. 391. 

7. Quo rectius videtur, wherefore it seems so much more proper. 
Quo may mean, 1) wherefore, i. e., because the mind is the God-like part 
of our nature; and 2) so much, by so much, i. e., as much as the mind is 
superior to the body. Here it seems to unite both meanings. — Virium, 
of physical powers. 

8. Vita ipsa; in contrast with memoriam nostri. — Qua fruimur ; 
G. 421, 1. 

9. Memoriam nostri, the remembrance of us. G. 184, foot-note 3. 

— Quam maxime longam, as long as possible ; lit., as the longest. 
G. 170, 2. 

10. Formae gloria, the glory derived from beauty ; lit., the glory 
of form. — Fluxa, fleeting ; i. e., in its very nature. — Fragilis, easily 
destroyed; i. e., by a force from without. 



SALLUST'S CATILINE. 49 

PAGE 

11. Clara . . . habetur, is a glorious and eternal possession. Ha- 1 
betur, is possessed; i. e., is a possession. 

12. Sed, introduces the inquiry whether military life is an exception 
to the general statement contained in the last two sentences. — Vine 
. . . procederet ; Indirect Question. G. 529, I. 

13. Magis procederet, depended more for success ; lit., proceeded 
more. 

14. Incipias ; G. 520, I., 2. Observe the force of the person in in- 
cipias and consulueris to denote an indefinite subject. G. 460, 1, note 2. — 
Consulto, facto; G. 414, IV.; 414, IV., note 3. — Consulueris; Po- 
tential Subj. G. 518, 2. 

15. Utrumque, each, the neuter used substantively referring to vis 
corporis and virtus animi ; the subject of eget. — Indigens, eget. See 
Syn. L. C. 239. — Alterum ; in apposition with utrumque. 

16. Auxilio ; G. 414, I. 

17. Igitur; a common position in Sallust, though in Caesar and 
Cicero igitur seldom stands at the beginning of a sentence. — Nomen 
imperii primuni, the first title of a ruler ; imperii — imperatoris. 

18. Diversi, with diverse tastes, or pursuing different courses. — 
Pars, alii ; in partitive apposition with reges. G. 364. 

19. Etiam turn, still. 

20. Sua cuique placebant; lit, his oion things pleased every one ; 
i. e., every one was pleased with his own possessions. G. 449, 2; 385. 
— Postea quam; G. 518, foot-note 2. 

21. Cyrus. Cyrus the Great, the founder of the Persian Empire. — 
Lacedaemonii, Athenienses. Lacedaemon, or Sparta, and Athens, 
were the two leading states in Greece. 

22. Dominandi; G. 542, I. 

1. Habere, to consider. This is not, however, entirely synonymous 2 
with putare. It involves the idea not only of holding the opinion, but 
also of acting upon it. — Gloriam. In rendering, supply esse, which 
Sallust regularly omits with putare. 

2. In bello . . . posse. Thus was decided the vexed question, 
magnum certamen, mentioned in chapter 1. 

3. Si valeret, haberent; G. 510. 

4. Aequabilius sese haberent, would be more uniform; lit., 
would have themselves, etc. 

6. Aliud alio, one thing in one direction, another in another, G. 
459, 1. — Mutari ac misceri omnia; language especially applicable 
to political revolutions. 

7. Initio; Abl. of Time. G. 429. 

9. Invasere, have come upon them. — Fortuna, their fortune ; i. e. 9 
their position and influence. 



NOTES. 



10. Ad optimum quemque, to him who is best; lit., every best one. 

12. Quae . . . arant; a circumlocution for aratio, agriculture; 
the ploughing which men do ; i. e., the cultivation of the land. Sallust 
proceeds to show that the virtus animi, so essential to the success of 
rulers, both in war and in peace, is equally important in all the affairs 
of life. 

14. Sicuti peregrinantes, as if travelling in a foreign land ; t. e. f 
not at home in life, and so without any appreciation of its duties and 
privileges. 

15. Quibus voluptati. G. 390. — Anima. Observe the signifi- 
cance of the word instead of animus t implying that in these persons 
the soul is so imperfectly developed that we are obliged to call it anima 
rather than animus. 

16. Juxta, equally low. 

18. Negotio ; Abl. of Means, with intentus. 

22. Clarum fieri licet, it is lawful for one to become illustrious. 

23. Qui, qui. The antecedent is multi. 

25. In primis . . . videtur, it seems especially difficult. The sub- 
ject of videtur is res gestas scribere. 

27. Facta . . . exaequanda; lit., the deeds must be equalled by the 
words; i. e., the style must be worthy of the subject. — Quae . . . repre- 
henderis, those things which you have censured as faults. Supply ea. 

28. Dicta, have been so called. Supply esse. 

29. Ubi memores; Potential Subj. G. 518, 2.— Quae; Object 
oiputat. The omitted antecedent ea is the object oiaccipit. 

30. Sibi facilia factu, easy for him to do. G. 391 ; 547. — Supra 
ea = quae supra ea sunt, whatever is above that ; lit., above those things. 

32. Sed ego adulescentulus. Sallust now refers briefly to his 
own political experience. He was elected quaestor at the age of 27. — 
Ad rem publicam; i. e. y into political life. 

33. Ibique, and in this ; lit., and there. 

34. Audacia, largitio, avaritia. Observe that these words 
are not arranged in the same order as those with which they are con- 
trasted ; audacia is the opposite of pudor, largitio of virtus t and avaritia 
of abstinentia. 

35. Quae, these vices ; lit., which things^ referring to audacia^ etc. 

36. Insolens malarum artium, unacquainted with evil arts. G.. 
399. There is reason to think that Sallust was not at this time a young 
man of such artless simplicity and purity as he would have us think. 
— Imbecilla, weak, yielding , because of his youth. 

37. Ambitione . . . tenebatur, was held by the seductions of 
ambition ; lit., corrupted^ misled by ambition. — Me ; Emphatic. G. 561. 
— Quum dissentlrem; Subj. of Concession. G. 515, III. 



SALLUST'S CATILINE. 

2. Eadcm fama, with the same evil report; Abl. of Mean3. 

4. Mihi ; G. 388. — - A re . . . procul, away from public life. 

5. Habendam ; supply esse. — Socordia . . . conterere ; Pred- 
icate after fuit t of which consilium is subject. 

6. Colendo intentum. Colendo is probably a Dative depending 
upon intentum, according to G. 391, though it may be an Abl. of Means, 
like negotio, on the preceding page, line 18. Intentum agrees with me, 
the omitted subject of agere. The disparaging language here applied to 
agricultural pursuits differs from that which we find in the works of other 
Roman writers upon the same subject. 

7. A quo incepto . . . eodem regressus, having returned to the 
same beginning . . .from which. 

8. Mala, evil, unfortunate, in view of its results. 

9. Carptim ut quaeque videbantur, selecting such as seemed; 
lit., separately in proportion as they each seemed. 

10. Eo, on this account ; Abl. of Cause. 

11. Partibus rei publicae, party feelings. The claim of impar- 
tiality here made by the historian seems to be just. 

13. De . . . paucis absolvam, / will treat of (more lit., will dis- 
patch, finish) . . . in few words. Paucis, Abl. of Manner. 

15. Cujus hominis ; i. e., of Catiline. 

16. Prius quam faciam; G. 520, 1., 2. 

V. The Character of Catiline. 

17. Lucius Catilina. The full name was Lucius Sergius Catilina. 
For an account of his life, see Introduction, p. 43. — Genere ; G. 415, II. 
— Magna vi ; Abl. of Characteristic. G. 419, II. 

19. Ingenio, nature, spirit, character. — Malo pravoque; malus, 
bad in itself, bad by nature; pravus, perverted, depraved. 

20. Caedes. See Introduction. 

21. Grata. For agreement, see G. 439, 2. — Ibique = e£ in eis. 

22. Patiens supra quam, more patient ^em.— Inediae ; G. 399, II, 

23. Varius, versatile. ■— Cujus rei libet = cujuslibet rei. 

24. Alieni, sui; used substantively. For the construction, see 
G. 399. 

25. Satis, parum ; used substantively. Supply erat. 

26. Vastus, insatiable. 

27. Dominationem . . . Sullae. This refers to the famous dic- 
tatorship of Lucius Cornelius Sulla, during whose terrible proscriptions 
thousands of Roman citizens were put to death. Sulla was dictator from 
82 to 80 B. C. 

29. Assequeretur ; Indirect Question. G. 529, 1. — Dum pararet ; 



NOTES. 

s 

G. 513. — Quicquain pensi, as a matter of any importance. Quicquam, 
Predicate Accusative ; pensi. Partitive Genitive. G. 373, 1 ; 397, 8. 
30. In dies. See Syn. L. C. 399. 

32. Quae utraque, both of which; i. e., his poverty and his sense 
of guilt. 

34. Diversa inter se, opposed to each other. — Vexabant, corrupted. 

36. Res ipsa, the subject itself. — Hortari; supply me. 

37. Supra repetere, to review the past. Supra, adverb of time, 
formerly, further back. Bepetere depends upon hortari, and is used 
instead of the more common construction ut with the Subj. G. 535, II. 
— Instituta. Observe that disserere has here four different objects, an 
Ace, instituta, and three Indirect Questions, quomodo . . . habuerint,quan- 
tam reliquerint, and ut . . .facta sit — an illustration of the zeugma. G. 
636, II., 1. Translate, to treat of the institutions . . . and to show in what 
way they managed, etc. For the Subjunctive, see G. 529, L 

2. Ut, how. — Ex pule her rim a, from being the most beautiful; lit., 
from the most beautiful. 

VI. — IX. Early History of Home. Character of the 

People. 

5. Urbem . . . Trojani. Notice the confidence with which Sal- 
lust ascribes the founding of Rome, to Aeneas, though his language im- 
plies that there were different opinions upon this point. 

6. Sedibus incertis, without fixed abodes; Abl. Absol. 

7. Aborigines ; connected back by que to Trojani. 

9. In una moenia, tvithin (lit., into) the walls of a single city. For 
the plural of una, see G. 175, 1. — Dispari genere, though of different 
races ; lit., with an unequal race. Abl. of Characteristic. 

10. Alii alio more, some in one way, others in another ; elliptical, 
lit., others in another way. 

11. Memoratu; G. 547. — Quam . . . coaluerint; Indirect Ques- 
tion, subject of est. — Res eorum, their state. 

12. Civibus, moribus, agris; three essential conditions of na- 
tional prosperity, territory, citizens, and institutions. For the omission of 
the conjunction, see G. 554, 1., 6. 

13. Sicuti . . . habentur, as is the case with most things belonging 
to mortals ; lit., as most things of mortals are held ; i. e., subject to envy. 
Mortalium, best explained as possessive genitive, not partitive. 

14. Finitimi, probably belongs both to populi and to reges. G. 
564, 1. 

15. Tentare, assailed. Hist. Infinitive. G. 536, 1. — Auxilio ; Dat. 

of the object for which. G. 390 ; 390, note 2. 



SALLUST'S CATILINE. 53 

PAGE 

16. A . . . aberant, kept out of danger. 4 

17. Inteiiti festinare, intent upon their work pressed forward ; lit., 
intent hastened. This sentence vividly portrays the activity and energy of 
the Romans. — Hostibus ; Dat. depending upon obviam ; G. 392, II. 

20. Dandis beneficiis, by doing favors. G. 542, IV., (1). 

22. Imperium legitimum, a government regulated by laiu. It was 
a limited or constitutional monarchy. — Nomen imperii regium, the 
name of the ruler that of king ; regius = regis. Their ruler was called 
king. 

23. Delecti . . . consultabant. According to Sallust, we have 
here the germ of the Roman Senate — a council of old men, quibus corpus 
annis infirmum, ingenium sapientia validum erat. — Consultabant — con- 
sulebant, a rare use of the word, illustrating our author's fondness for 
f requentatives. — Quibus ; Dat. of Possessor with erat. 

25. Curae similitudine ; i. <?., their care for the people resembled 
a father's care for his children. 

26. Conservandae libertatis fuerat, had tended to preserve, etc. ; 
lit., had been of, etc. G. 542, I., note 2. 

28. Immutato more. This change in the form of government is 
supposed to have been made about 500 B. C. — Binos imperatores. 
They were called at first praetors, afterward consuls. Observe the force 
of the distributive binos. Two consuls were elected each year. G. 174, 2. 

30. Animum; Subject of posse. 

31. Coepere quisque; G. 461, 3. — Se magis extollere, to have 
higher aspirations ; lit., to raise himself more. 

32. In promptu habere, to employ openly. — Regibus; Dat. de- 
pending upon suspectiores. G. 391. 

34. Civitas quantum . . . creverit; Indirect Question, subject of 
est. — Adepta; used passively. G. 231, 2. 

36. Jam primum, now in the first place. For the contrast, see 
chap. 10. — Belli patiens, able to endure the hardships of war. G. 399, II. 

6. Se ferire, that he might strike down ; i. e., that he might be the 5 
one to do it. Se expressed for emphasis. — Dum faceret ; G. 529, II. 

7. Eas, earn; this, this ; i. e., to be thus conspicuous in war. These 
pronouns are attracted from id. G. 445, 4 and 7. 

9. Pecuniae ; G. 399. — Ingentem, honestas ; Predicate adjectives 
after esse to be supplied. 

10. Possem . . . ni . . . traberet; G. 510. — Maximas hostium 
copias. Observe the order of the words. G. 565, 2. 

14. Ea; i. e.,fortuna. 

15. Ex, according to; lit., out of. 

18. Feruntur, they are represented. — Scriptorum . . . ingenia 

= scriptores magnis ingeniis. 



54 



NOTES. 



5 20. Pro maximis, as the greatest. G. 362, 2, note 3. — Ita . . . in- 
genia. In this way our author accounts for the fame of Athenian 
achievements. They were celebrated in the works of poets and his- 
torians. * 

22. Populo fuit. Remember that the Dat. of Possessor should be 
rendered into English by the Nominative, the people had. — Copia, op- 
portunity, advantage; i. e., of having their deeds celebrated by great 
writers. 

23. Negotiosus, devoted to business, occupied. 

25. Bene facta, good deeds ; lit., things well done. Facta, as a par- 
ticiple, is modified by the adverb bene, but is used substantively. 

26. Ipse agrees with quisque, the subject of malebat. — Aliorum, 
those of others, governed by facta, to be supplied. 

28. Jus bonumque, that which was right and good. 

29. Natura, from choice ; lit., by nature. In this picture of the 
virtues of a primitive age, whether true or false, Sallust presents a striking 
contrast to the vices of his own age. 

31. De virtute certabant, vied in viHue. — In suppliciis de» 
orum, in the worship of the gods, with imposing ceremonies and costly 
sacrifices. 

32. Duabus artibus 5 viz., audacia, aequitate. G. 420. 

33. Ubi pax evenerat; opposed to in bello, and used instead of 
in pace. Sallust often employs different fonns of expression in the differ- 
ent members of a sentence. — Seque remque; a use of que not uncom- 
mon in our author. 

34. Curabant, they governed. 

35. - Vindicatum est in eos, punishment was inflicted upon those. 
37. Tardius, too tardily. G. 444, 1 ; 306. — Quam qui, than upon 

those who. 

G 1. L<oco ; Abl. of Separation. G. 414. 

2. Agitabant, they administered. 

3. Accepta injuria ; G. 431, 2. — Persequi ; supply earn, referring 
to injuria. 

X.-XIII. The Introduction of Luxury and Vice at 

Home. 

5. Nationes, races, tribes. 

6. Aemula, the rival. — Ab stirpe interiit, was utterly (lit., from 
the root) destroyed ; i. e., in the Third Punic War, 146 B. C. 

7. Saevire, to be cruel. Here begins the leading portion of the sen- 
tence ; the preceding verbs depend upon ubi. 



SALLUST'S CATILINE. 55 

PAGE 

8. Miscere omnia, to produce general confusion, 

9. Eis oneri fuere; G. 390. 

10. Optanda. For agreement, see G. 439, 2. — Alias, under other 
circumstances. The Romans found that prosperity, wealth, and power, 
though desirable in themselves, involved special temptations and perils. 

11. Ea, these; t. e., pecuniae cupido and imperii cupido. 

13. Artes, traits of character. — Superbiam ; one of the two ob- 
jects of edocuit. The Acc. of the person is omitted. G. 374, 1. 

14. Deosneglegere; G. 374, 2, note 3, foot-note 4. 

15. Falsos, deceitful. — Subegit, impelled. 

17. Non ex re, etc.; i. e. f not in and of themselves, but from the 
advantage to be derived from them. They consulted only personal inter- 
est. — Magisque vultum . . . habere; i. e. f to appear good, rather 
than to be good. 

19. Vindicari, were punished. G. 535, 1. 

20. Immutata, factum ; supply est with each. 

23. Primo magis ambitio. See primo pecuniae above, line 10. 
The apparent contradiction is explained by the fact that above Sallust is 
speaking of the growth (crevit) of avarice and ambition among the Roman 
people soon after the fall of Carthage, while here he is considering the 
relative influence of the two during the age preceding the dictatorship of 
Sulla. Primo in the two passages refers to different periods. 

24. Exercebat, occupied. — Quod tamen vitium . . . erat, 
tohich, though a fault ; , was yet, etc. — Virtutem ; G. 437, 1. 

2G. Ille, the former. G. 450, 2. — Huic ; Dat. depending upon desunt, 
G. 386, 2. Translate as if hie were used as the subject of contendit ; the 
latter because, etc. 

28. Studium habet, involves the desire ; lit., has; i. e., has in it- 
self. 

29. Venenis mails, with poisons. Venenum, originally a drug, a 
medicine, here takes the epithet malum to define its meaning. 

31. Sulla. See note on dominationem Sullae, p. 3, line 27. — Armis 
recepta, having by force wrested. He rescued the state from the oppres- 
sion of Marius, but afterward oppressed it himself; in the words of Sal- 
lust, bonis initiis malos eventus habuit; after having made a good begin- 
ning, he brought about (lit., had) evil results. 

32. Bonis initiis; Abl. Absolute. — Rapere, trahere, seized, 
carried off; two expressive words to designate robbery and rapine. Ob- 
serve the force of the Historical Infinitive ; also the omission of the con- 
nective and of the object. 

33. Domum alius, alius agros. For arrangement of words, see 
G. 562. 

34. Modum, modestiam, limit, moderation. 



NOTES. 

35. Hue accedebat quod, to this was added the fact that. The 
subject of accedebat is the clause, quod . . . molliverant. 

36. Quo faceret; G. 497; 497,11., 2. — Fidum; supply eum refer- 
ring to exercitum. 

37. Luxuriose habuerat, had kept in luxury. 

I. Loca . . . voluptaria; i. e., Asia Minor. — Feroces, warlike. 

3. Tabulas pictas, paintings ; lit., painted tablets. 

4. Privatim et publice,yh?m individuals and from states. Some 
scholars render, for themselves and for the state. 

6. Nihil reliqui fecere, left nothing; lit., made (caused) nothing 
(to be) of the remainder ; i. e., to be left. Reliqui is Predicate Gen. 
with fecere. G. 403. 

8. Ne illi temperarent, do not think, then, that they would, etc., or 
much less would they, etc. Ne in the sense of nedum. The language is 
elliptical, and nearly equivalent to ne existimes fieri potuisse tit illi tempera- 
rent. The general thought is this : If wise men cannot endure pros- 
perity, much less can lawless soldiers be expected to use victory with 
moderation. — Illi; i. e., the soldiers of Sulla. — Corruptis moribus; 
Abl. of Characteristic. G. 419, II. — Victoriae ; G. 385, II., 1. 

10. Gloria . . . potentia. Observe the asyndeton. G. 636, 1., 1. 
— Imperium, office, authority, the authority of a ruler or commander, 
more definite than potentia, the general word for power. 

II. Probro, pro malevolentia ; for the Predicate Nom. G. 362, 
2, note 3. — Innocentia pro malevolentia; i. e., the conduct of those 
who did not conform to the corrupt practices of the age was imputed to 
bad motives — to a want of sympathy with their fellow-citizens. 

13. Rapere, consumere. Observe the frequent use of the Hist. 
Infinitive. Here the subject is a pronoun referring to juventutem. — Sua 
parvi pendere, considered what they had (sua) as of little value. G. 
404, note 1. 

14. Pudorem . . . nihil pensi . . . habere. This obscure pas- 
sage admits of two interpretations; 1. Modesty, purity, things divine and 
human, without distinction, they did not value or regard. This interpre- 
tation gives promiscua its usual force, and makes nihil a predicate Acc. 
2. They regarded modesty, purity, things divine and human, as subjects of 
little interest (lit., as indifferent things), they had no consideration or mod- 
eration (lit., nothing of). Upon the whole, the former interpretation 
seems preferable. 

16. Operae pretium est, it is worth while; lit., is the price of the 
labor ; i. e., will pay for the trouble. The subject of est is the clause 
visere templa, etc. — Domos atque villas ; referring to the magnificent 
villas of wealthy Romans in the age of Sallust, as those of Clodius and 
Lucullus. See Smith's " Diet, of Antiq.," under House. 



SALLUST'S CATILINE. 

17. In urbium modum, like cities. — Templa. These temples 
were less magnificent and costly than some of the villas just mentioned. 

18. Religiosissimi mortales, though the most religious of men. 

19. Illi, they, our ancestors, remote in time. G. 450, 1. — Gloria ; 
t. e. y with the glory of their own deeds. 

20. Victis ; G. 386, 2. — Injuriae licentiam, the power to injure. 
They did not utterly destroy their enemies, but simply rendered them 
harmless. 

22. Omnia ea sociis, etc, ; i. e., we treat our allies worse than our 
fathers treated their vanquished enemies. 

23. Proinde quasi, just as if. — Id demum, that in short. Id, in 
apposition with injuriam facer e, is inserted for emphasis. 

24. Esset; G. 513, II. — Imperio uti; Predicate after esset. G. 
539, I. ; 421, I. 

25. Quid memorcm, why should I mention? G. 485. — Eis, 
nemini ; dependent upon credibilia. 

26. Subversos; referring especially to the dike cut by Lucullus 
through the hill near Baiae, to admit the water from the sea into his 
fish-ponds. 

27. Constrata, built over ; i. e., with piers extending into them. — 
Ludibrio, a subject for sport. G. 390. 

28. Quas, the wealth which. — Habere, to enjoy. 

30. Cultus, refinements of sensual indulgence. — Terra marique; 
G. 425, II., 2. 

33. Liuxu antecapere, anticipated by indulgence. — Haec, these 
things ; i. e. y the habits of luxury just mentioned. 

35. Haud facile carebat, was not easily freed from. 

36. Eo profusius, the more excessively on that account. 

XIV. -XVII. The Associates of Catiline. 

1. Id quod erat, which was. G. 445, 7. 

2. Flagitiorum, of infamous persons ; lit, of infamous acts; the 
crime for the criminal by metonymy. 

4. Bona patria laceraverat, had squandered his patrimony ; lit., 
paternal goods. 

5. Quo . . . rediineret, that he might purchase impunity for, etc.; 
i. e.y by settling with the injured parties or by bribing the judge. 

8. Ad hoc, moreover; lit., to this ; i. e., in addition to it. — Manus 
lingua perjuria . . . sanguine civili; contrasted groups in an 
inverted order, the hand by the blood of citizens ; i. e., by murder; the 
tongue by perjury. 

10. Conscius animus, a guilty conscience. 



NOTES. 



This spirited description of the companions of Catiline is very similar 
to a passage on the same subject in Cicero's Second Oration against Catiline, 
chap. 4. 

13. Par similisque, precisely like. — Par, equal in quantity ; simi- 
lis, alike in quality. Thus par similisque ceteris means like the rest in 
the extent and quality of his wickedness. 

14. Molles . . . fluxi, tender and pliable because of their youth. 
16. Ut . . . studium . . . flagrabat ; i. e. f according to the desire 

of each one. — Praebere, he (Catiline) furnished ; i. e., he pandered to 
the passions of those whom he gathered about him. 

18. Modestiae, honor. — Obnoxios, submissive. 

19. Qui existimarent. G. 503, 1. — Ita; used somewhat redun- 
dantly to represent the clause juventutem . . . habuisse* G. 636, III., 7. 

21. Parum honeste habuisse, did not properly regard. 

22. Cuiquam compertum foret, teas known to any one. For 
Mood, see G. 516, II., 2. 

24. Jam primum, now in the first place ; a common expression in 
entering upon a new topic, especially in passing from general to specific 
statements. 

25. Sacerdote Vestae ; Fabia, the sister of Cicero's wife, Terentia. 
Sallust, however, omits the fact that she was tried for the crime and 
acquitted. The Vestal Virgins were the priestesses of the goddess 
Vesta: they ministered in her temple, and, by turns, watched the per- 
petual fire upon her altar night and day. They were bound by an oath 
of chastity, whose violation was punished with death. 

26. Jus fasque, human and divine law. — Postremo,^raa%; i.e., 
a short time before the conspiracy. 

27. Cujus; dependent upon nihil. 

28. Nubere illi, to marry him ; lit., veil herself for him, as the 
bride was veiled at the marriage ceremony. G. 385, II., note 3. 

29. Privignum, a step-son; referring to a son of Catiline, who 
would of course be her step-son after her marriage. — Pro certo credi- 
tur, it is positively believed, though we are not told upon what authority. 
Cicero, however, evidently refers to the same charge in the sixth chapter 
of his first Oration against Catiline, where he also accuses him of having 
murdered his former wife. — Necato filio, by murdering his son. 

SO. Fecisse. The subject is eum to be supplied. Observe the ana- 
coluthon. Fecisse would regularly have been fecit in agreement with 
Catilina, to be supplied, with which captus agrees. G. 636, IV., 6. 

31. Facinoris ; i. e., the conspiracy. 

32. Infestus, hostile. — Neque . . . quietibus, neither waking nor 
sleeping ; lit., neither by vigils nor by slumbers ; i. e., by no means what- 
ever. 



SALLUST'S CATILINE. 59 

PAGK 

33. Ita conscientia vastabat, to such a degree did the sense of 8 
guilt distract, 

34. Foedi, staring, wild. 

35. Facie vultuque. Facies, the face, with special reference to 
the physical features ; vultus, the expression of countenance. 

37. Juventutem, facinora ; G. 374. 

2. Signatores falsos, forgers; lit., false sealers ; i. e., of docu- 9 
ments. G. 564, I. — Commodare, he furnished ; i. e. f to such as needed 
them. 

3. Habere; dependent upon imperabat. — Post ubi . . . attrive- 
rat . . . imperabat, afterward, when he had destroyed (lit., worn away) 
. . . he imposed (i. e., upon them) other greater crimes. 

5. Minus suppetebat, did not present itself. 

6. Circumvenire ; i. e. y in person, or by the aid of his associates. 
G. 536, 1. — Scilicet potius malus erat, he doubtless preferred to be 
bad. — Ne torpescerent ; Negative Purpose. G. 497, II. 

7. Gratuito, without hope of advantage; i.e.,even without temptation. 

8. Amicis; G. 425, 1, note. — Simul quod, — et quod, both be- 
cause and because. 

9. Aes alienum . . . ingens ; occasioned by the extravagance of 
the age and the extortions of Roman magistrates. 

10. Sullani milites. At the close of the civil wars between Marius 
and Sulla, the latter established colonies for his soldiers in Etruria and 
other parts of Italy. Not a few of these colonists, having squandered all 
they had, espoused the cause of Catiline in the hope of new spoils and 
booty. — Liargius, too profusely. 

13. In extremis terris. Pompey was waging war against Mithri- 
dates, king of Pontus, and Tigranes, king of Armenia. — Ipsi ; referring 
to Catiline. — Consul a turn petenti, as a candidate for the consulship; 
lit., seeking , etc. The consuls, it will be remembered, were the two chief 
magistrates, or joint presidents of the commonwealth. 

14. Nihil sane intentus, not at alt watchful. 

15. Ea, these things; i. e., the state of things just described. 

17. Kalendas. For Roman calendar, see G. 642. — Caesare . . . 
consulibus ; i. e., in the year 64 B. C. See Introduction, p. 44. L. 
Caesar was a relative of Julius Caesar. 

18. Singulos, individuals. % 

20. Docere, he exhibited.— Explorata sunt; supply ea, the omit- 
ted antecedent of quae. 

21. In unum convocat, he called together. Hist. Present. In 
unum, as an adverbial expression, means simply together. There seems to 
be no need of supplying locum. Indeed, unum is probably neuter. 

22. Necessitudo, need. — Inerat ; applicable to plurimum atidaciae, 



60 , NOTES. 

PAGE 

9 but not to necessitudo, which requires erat. We have here a zeugma. G. 
636, II., 1. 

23. Senatorii ordinis, of senatorial rank, the highest honor of 
Roman nobility, including all those who had held either of the four highest 
offices : viz., that of consul, praetor, curule aedile, or quaestor. Ordinis, 
Gen. of Characteristic. G. 396, V. —P. Lentulus. Publius Cornelius 
Lentulus, surnamed Sura. He had been consul, but on account of his 
scandalous life he had been subsequently expelled from the senate. — A 
Roman citizen usually had three names : Publius Cornelius Lentulus, 
The first , or praenomen, designated the individual ; the second, or nomen, 
the gens or tribe ; and the third, or cognomen, the family. Thus Publius 
Cornelius Lentulus was Publius of the Lentulus family of the Cornelian 
gens. To these three names an agnomen, or surname, was sometimes 
added. Thus Sura was added to P.. C. Lentulus. The nomen was often 
omitted, as in most of the names here mentioned by Sallust. Thus the 
nomen, Cornelius, is omitted in the names of Lentulus, Cethegus, and the 
Sullas. Sometimes, however, the nomen is retained and the cognomen 
omitted. Thus Cicero calls L. Cassius Longinus, simply L. Cassius. See 
the Third Oration against Catiline, chap. 4. — P. Autronius. P. Autro- 
nius Paetus. See Introduction, p. 43. 

24. Publius et Servius Sullae. Publius Cornelius Sulla and 
Servius Cornelius Sulla, the sons of Servius Cornelius Sulla, the brother 
of the famous Dictator Sulla. 

25. L. Vargunteius. One of the most daring of Catiline's accom- 
plices, and one of the two who afterward engaged to assassinate Cicero, 
the consul, in his. own house. See p. 15, line 18. — Q. Annius. 
Probably Q. Annius Chilo. — M. Porcius Laeca. The conspirator at 
whose house Catiline and his associates met at night a short time before 
the discovery of their plans. 

26. Q. Curius. See Introduction, p. 45. —Ex equestri ordine, 
of equestrian rank. This order occupied an intermediate position between 
the senate and the plebs. It comprised wealthy citizens who had not yet 
attained senatorial rank. 

27. P. Gabinius Capito. One of the chief conspirators, called by 
Cicero Publius Gabinius and Cimber Gabinius. — C. Cornelius. The 
associate of Vargunteius in the attempt to assassinate Cicero. See p. 15, 
line 16. 

28. Coloniis et municipiis. Colonia is a colony founded by 
Romans, while municipium is a municipal or free town, one which has re- 
ceived the full Roman franchise, but still retains the right of self-govern- 
ment in all local matters. — Domi, at home ; i. e., in their own towns. 

32. Quibus vivere copia erat, who had the ability to live. G. 
533, II., 3, note 3. 



SALLUST'S CATILINE. 61 

PAGE 

34. Malebant ; supply ts, the omitted antecedent of quibus. 9 

35. M. Licinium Crassum. M. Licinius Crassus was a Roman 
citizen of high rank and of immense wealth. He had distinguished him- 
self in the war against Spartacus, and had held the highest offices in the 
state. There is little reason to think that he had any sympathy with the 
conspiracy of Catiline. 

37. Ipsi, to him; i. e. y to Crassus. — Cujusvis, of any one ; i. e., as 
a rival of Pompey. 

1. Voluisse, that he (Crassus) wished. Voluisse depends upon crede- 10 
rent above. — Illius ; L e., of Pompey. 

2. Si valuisset, fore. "What would this be in the Direct Discourse ? 
G. 525, 2 ; 523, L — Apud illos, among them ; i, e., the conspirators, 
implied in conjuratio. 



XVIII., XIX. Catiline's Earlier Attempt at Conspiracy^ 
66 B. C. 

4. Antea; i. e., two years before. 

5. De qua, concerning which conspiracy. Qua refers to conjuratio 
implied in conjuravere. 

6. Ij. Tullo . . . consulibus ; i. e., in the year 68 B. C. 

7. P. Sulla. A kinsman of the dictator, but not to be confounded 
with P. Sulla mentioned in the last chapter. He was afterward tried as 
a conspirator, but, being ably defended by Cicero, was finally acquitted. 

8. Interrogate, accused; lit, asked, as the defendant was first asked 
whether he was guilty or not guilty. — Poenas dederant, had suffered 
punishment ; lit., had given satisfaction ; i. e. f to the state. They were 
thereby disqualified for entering upon the duties of the consulship to 
which they had been elected. — Post paulo, a little after. This sentence 
seems to be misplaced, as it records events which took place in the sum- 
mer of 65 B. C, while the sentence before and the sentence after both 
relate to the latter part of 66 B. C. — Pecuniarum repetundarum, of 
extortion ; lit., of moneys to be demanded bach. G. 239. 

10. Quod . . . nequiverat. He could not announce his intention 
(profiteri) to be a candidate while the indictment was pending. — Intra 
legitimos dies ; i. e., seventeen days before the election. 

11. Cn. Piso ; i. e. y Cn. Calpurnius Piso. See Introduction, p. 43. 

14. Consilio communicato, making common cause; lit, the plan 
having been made common. 

15. Kalendis Januariis ; i. e., during the ceremonies of inaugu- 
ration which took place on the first of January. — Ij. Cottam, etc. L. 
Cotta and L. Torquatus, rival candidates of P. Autronius and P. Sulla, 
were declared consuls after the latter were convicted of bribery. 



62 NOTES* 

PAGE 

10 16. Ipsi fascibus correptis, themselves seizing the fasces; i. €., the 
consular power represented by them. Ipsi, though belonging in sense to 
the Abl. Absol., is made to agree with the leading subject. 

17. Duas Hispanias; i. e., Hispaniam Citeriorem and Hispaniam 
Ulteriorem. For the general facts, see Introduction, p. 43. 

19. Jam turn, even then; i. e., even at that early date, their plan 
was substantially the same as it was three or four years later, when finally 
exposed. 

21. Quod ni . . maturasset. The execution of the plan was 
fortunately frustrated by a mistake on the part of Catiline, who gave the 
signal before his accomplices were ready for action. 

24. Ea res ; i. e. y the mistake of Catiline in giving the signal too 
soon. 

25. Quaestor pro praetore, as quaestor with praetorian power; i.e., 
as governor. A praetor was a Eoman officer next in rank to the consul, 
and at the expiration of his term of office was usually sent out as the gov- 
ernor of a province ; i. e., pro praetore ; but that a quaestor, a much lower 
officer ordinarily in charge of the public money, should be thus entrusted 
with praetorian power, is very remarkable. 

26. Adnitente Crasso, through the influence of Crassus ; lit., Cras- 
sus exerting himself, Abl. Absol. 

27. Inimicum. See Syn. L. C. 344. — Pompeio ; dependent upon 
esse to be supplied. — Tamen, yet; i.e., although one would scarcely 
have expected the senate to give such power to Piso. 

28. Invitus; G. 443. 

29. Boni, the nobles. 

30. Praesidium in eo, a protection in him ; i. e., against their 
opponents, especially Pompey. 

33. Sunt qui dicant; G. 503, 1.— Ita; G. 636, in., 7. 

35. Clientes, adherents; i. e., those whom he had gathered about 
him in that province a few years before while engaged in the war against 
Sertorius. — Voluntate ejus, in accordance with his (Pompey's) wish. 
Observe that this is a mere rumor. 

36. Aggressos ; supply esse. — Praeterea, except in this instance; 
lit., besides this. 

11 1. In medio, unsettled; lit., in the middle. 

XX. -XXIII. Movements of the Conspirators from the 
early part of June, 64 B. (7., to the Consular Election 
of that year. 

3. Paulo ante ; i. e., in chapter 17. Sallust resumes the narrative 
inteiTupted by the digression contained in chapters 18 and 19. 



SALLUST'S CATILINE. 63 

PAGE 

4. Cum singulis, with them individually. 11 

5. In rem, to the purpose. — Universos, them collectively. 

6. Aedium. Force of the plural ? G. 132. 

8. Ni forent, cecidisset ; G. 510. — Spectata mihi, tested by me ; 
lit., viewed and hence known to me. G. 439, 2. — Nequiquam, frustra. 
See Syn., L. C. 338. 

9. In manibus, construe with domination sovereign power (already) 
in our hands; i. e., not merely hopes (spes magna). With this interpre- 
tation the predicate is frustra fuissent. 

11. Incerta . . . captarem, grasp at what is uncertain in place of 
what is certain ; i. e. t imperil all that I have in grasping at uncertainties. 

12. Tempestatibus, emergencies. G. 429. 

13. Eo . . . simul quia, on this account, . . . and also because, 
G. 416. 

14. Vobis . . . bona malaque esse; i. e., that you have the same 
interests as I. 

15. Ea demum, this indeed. Ea, attracted from id, to agree with 
amicitia, is in apposition with idem velle . . . nolle, the subject of est. 
G. 363,5; 445, 4. 

17. Diversi, separately. 

18. Mihi animus, my mind. Mihi is Indirect Object of accenditur y 
but it is not best to render literally. 

19. Futura sit; G. 529, 1. — Nisi ... in libertatem, if we do not 
ourselves restore ourselves to liberty. 

21. Jus atque dicionem, jurisdiction and control. 

22. Illis; i. e., paucis potentibus. — Vectigales, tributary. — Esse; 
Hist. Infin. 

24. Vulgus fuimus, have been the rabble ; i. e., so treated. 

25. Quibus formidini, G. 390. — Valeret, was in force. 

28. Quousque tandem, how long, pray. This idiomatic use of tan- 
dem — indeed, pray — is not uncommon. 

29. Per virtu tern, bravely. 

30. TJbi alienae . . . fueris, in which you have been the sport of 
the insolence of others. Observe the force of the person in fueris. G. 
460, 1, note 2. 

32. Verum enimvero, but indeed. There is an ellipsis in the Latin 
after verum. Thus : but (this need not be) for indeed. In English we 
need not supply the ellipsis. — Pro deum . . . fidem; G. 381. Pro is 
an interjection ; deum for deorum. 

33. In manu nobis est, is in our hands ; lit., is to us in hand. 
G. 387. 

34. Consenuerunt, have become enfeebled. 

35. Incepto ; G. 414, IV. — Cetera res expediet ; the rest will 



64 NOTES. 

PAGE 

11 take care of itself '; i. e., if we only make a beginning. Others make cetera 
the object of expediet. — Etenim, etc., and indeed = and we have every 
inducement to begin, for, etc. 

36. Illis superare, that they should have in abundance. Illis , In- 
direct Object of superare, abound to them. 

37. Quas profundant; Subj. of Purpose. G. 497.— -Extruden- 
do . . . coaequandis. See notes on subversos and constrata, p. 7, lines 
26 and 27. 

12 3. Jjarcm familiar em, home; lit., household god. — Quum, while. 
The idea of concession is involved, but that of time is made more promi- 
nent. Hence the Indicative in emunt, etc. 

4. Nova; i. e.> even new buildings. 

5. Trahunt, squander. 

6. Summa libidine, with their greatest extravagance ; lit., desire. — 
Vincere, to exhaust ; lit., to conquer ; a military term. 

8. Quid reliqui, etc., what have we left ; lit., of left. 

10. Quin = qui (for quo) and ne, why not ! 

11. In oculis, before our eyes; lit., in; i. e., in or within their 
range of vision. 

14. Imperatore, as commander ; Pred. Abl. with me, dependent 
upon utemini. G. 362 ; 421, I. 

16. Consul, as consul. He hopes soon to be elected. — Agam, I will 
accomplish. — Nisi me . . . fallit, unless I am mistaken ; i. e., in my 
expectations in regard to you. 

20. Res, property. 

21. Quieta movere . . . videbatur, to disturb the peace seemed 
a great reward ; i. e., of itself. Merces is a reward for service rendered, 
while pretium is the price, as of an article of merchandise. 

22. Quae foret; G. 529, I. — Condicio belli, the terms of the war. 

23. Ubique = et ubi, and where. 

24. Tabulas novas, new accounts ; i. e., a reduction of their in- 
debtedness. Laws were sometimes passed reducing all debts in a uniform 
ratio, as by one-fourth or one-half. The Valerian Law, enacted in the 
year 86 B. C, reduced all debts to one-fourth of their previous amount. 
The debts thus reduced were entered upon new tables (tabulae novae). 
Catiline promised his followers such a relief from the weight of indebted- 
ness with which so many of them were overwhelmed. — Proscriptionem, 
proscription ; originally the act of advertising property for sale, after- 
ward the act of inserting names in the list of those who were doomed 
to death. 

26. Fert, bring with them. 

27. Esse; supply a verb of saying implied in polliceri. 

28. P. Sittium. Publius Sittius, of ISTuceria in Campania, here 



SALLUST'S CATILINE. 65 

PAGE 

represented as a partisan of Catiline, is incidentally defended by Cicero 12 
in the oration Pro Sulla. — Participes ; in apposition with Pisonem and 
Sittium. G. 364. 

29. C. Antonium. Gaius Antonius, afterward the colleague of 
Cicero in the consulship. See Introduction, p. 44. 

31. Circumventum, encompassed. — Initium . . . facturum, 
would begin the work. Supply esse. 

33. Alium egestatis ; G. 409. 

35. Quibus praedae ; G. 390. — Ea, it ; i. e. f the victoiy of Sulla. 
See note on dominationem Sullae f p. 3, line 27. 

37. Ut haberent ; Purpose. — Petitionem, candidature ; i. e., for 
the consulship. 

2. Populares . . . sui, his confederates in crime ; lit., of his wick- 13 
edness, 

3. Humani . . . sanguinem, etc. This is fortunately presented 
as a mere rumor. 

4. Inde, of it, referring to sanguinem vino permixtum. 

5. Fieri consuevit, is customary, is wont to be done ; impersonal. 

6. Quo forent; G. 497, II. ; 497, II., 2. 

7. Alius alii, one to another. Alius is in partitive apposition with 
the subject of forent, with which conscii agrees. — Alii facinoris; G. 
399, I., 3, note 1. 

8. Ficta; supply esse. 

9. Ciceronis invidiam, the unpopularity of Cicero, who was con- 
sul when the conspiracy was discovered. He afterward became very 
unpopular because of the part which he took in the execution of five of 
the leading conspirators. 

II. Nobis, in my judgment ; lit., to me. — Pro magnitudine, in 
view of its importance ; i. e., so grave a charge requires stronger proofs. 

13. Loco, station. G. 425, II., 1. 

14. Senatu . . . moverant, had expelled from the senate, because 
of his scandalous life. G. 414, II. 

15. Vanitas, indiscretion ; lit, emptiness. — Reticere; Hist. Infin. 

16. Suamet, his own. G. 185, note 2. 

17. Neque dicere, etc., he did not care either what he said or what 
he did. Dicere and facere are the objects of habebat, quicquam predicate 
A.cc, &ndpe?isi partitive Gen. 

18. Stupri consuetudo, illicit intimacy. 

19. Cui, to her. G. 391. 

20. Maria montesque ; used metaphorically for great things, for 
extravagant promises. Polliceor is to promise or offer of one's own free- 
will, while promitto is to promise at the request of another. 

21. Minari ferro, threatened her with death, referring to the pro- 



66 NOTES. 

PAGE 

13 scriptions which would follow the success of Catiline. — Ni . . . foret, 
if she would not be obliging. This is Indirect Discourse depending "upon 
an historical tense of a verb of saying implied in minari. Hence foret, 
Imp. Subj.; G. 493, 1. 

24. Haud . . . liabuit, did not keep secret. — Sublato auctore, 
without naming her informant. 

25. Quae quoque modo, what and in what manner. 

26. Ad . . . mandandum, to intrust the consulship. G. 542, III. 

28. Invidia aestuabat, was furious from jealousy. — Aestuabat, 
credebant. Notice the change of number. G. 461, 1, note 2. 

29. Homo novus, a new man; i. e., one whose ancestors had 
never held any of the higher public offices. 

31. Post fuere, were subordinate; i.e., to considerations of safety. 

XXIV. -XXVI. Movements of the Conspirators from 
the Consular Election of 64 B. C. to that of 63 B. C. 

32. Comitiis habitis, after the comitia were held. 

34. Concusserat. Observe the force of the tense to denote com- 
pleted action at the time of minuebatur. 

36. Locis; G. 425, II., 1. — Sua fide . . . mutuam, hired on his 
own credit. 

37. Manlium. See Introduction, p. 44. 

14 1. Princeps belli faciundi, the first to begin the war; lit., of the 
war to be waged. 

3. Ingentes sumptus toleraverant, had borne great expenses. 

4. Tantum modo . . . luxuriae, only to their gains, but not 
(neque) to their hixurious habits. G. 384, II. 

6. Servitia, the slaves. 

9. Sempronia. The wife of D. Junius Brutus, and the mother of D. 
Junius Brutus Albinus, one of the assassins of Caesar. 

10. Genere . . . forma, in family and in personal beauty. She 
belonged to the famous Cornelian gens. 

12. Docta; modified, 1) by the Abl. litteris; 2) by the Infin. psallere, 
etc. ; and 3) by the Acc. alia. G. 374, 2, note 2. 

13. Probae, for a respectable woman. Skill in dancing was not re- 
garded as a proper accomplishment for a respectable lady. 

16. Discerneres ; G. 485, note 1. 

17. Creditum abjuraverat, had forsioorn a trust ; referring prob- 
ably to money intrusted to her. Among the Romans moneys were often 
thus intrusted to the care of friends. 

18. Praeceps abierat, had gone headlong ; i. e., into ruin. 

19. Absurdum, contemptible. — Jocum movere, to raise a laugh t 



SALLUST'S CATILINE. 67 

PAGE 

22. In proximum annum, for the next year ; i. e., 62 B. C. 14 

23. Si . . . foret, if he should be elected. Fat. Perfect in the Direct 
Discourse. G. 525, 2. 

24. Ex voluntate, as he pleased; lit., out of (according to) his 
(Catiline's) desire, 

26. Illi, to him; i. e. t to Cicero. 

28. Ut proderet; Object Clause. G. 498, II. 

29. Sibi, to him; i. e., to Cicero. 

30. Pactione provinciae ; i. e., by exchanging provinces with his 
colleague, referring to the provinces of which they were to be governors 
at the expiration of their term of office. Cicero had obtained by lot the 
rich province of Macedonia, which he transferred to Antony in exchange 
for Cisalpine Gaul, of comparatively little value. See Introduction, p. 
44. 

33. Dies comitiorum. The election had been deferred to the 28th 
of October. Catiline was again defeated. 

34. In campo ; i, e., in the Campus Martins, where the elections 
were held. 

XXVII. — XXX. Military Preparations. Attempt upon 
the Life of Cicero. Action of the Senate. 

37. Igitur C. Manlium Faesulas, etc. There seems to be some 
little" confusion in Sallust's account, as in chap. 24 Manlius is already at 
Faesulae, and in chap. 30 he is said to have taken up arms on the 27th of 
October; i. e. f on the day before the election. 

3. Quern ubique, etc., each one to the place where he thought, etc. ; 15 
lit., whom and where, etc. 

4. Romae, at Rome, G. 425, II. 

6. Cum telo esse, went armed; lit., was icith a weapon,— - Jubere ; 
supply cum telis esse, 

7. Festinare, he was busy. 

8. Multa agitanti, while attempting many things. Supply illi } re- 
ferring to Catiline. 

9. Intempesta nocte, late at night ; on the night after the 5th of 
November. See Introduction, p. 45. This meeting should not have been 
mentioned here, but in chap. 31. Sallust is not very accurate in his chro- 
nology. 

10. Penes . . . Lace am, at the house of Laeca; lit., with, etc. 

12. Paraverat. Observe the force of the Indicative. G. 524, 2, 2). 
15. Oppressisset ; from the Fut. Perfect of the Direct Discourse. 
G. 525, 2. — Consiliis ; Indirect Object of officere. 

19. Salutatum; G. 546. Roman magistrates, and other distin- 
4 



68 NOTES. 

PAGE 

1 5 guished citizens, were in the habit of receiving visits at a very early hour, 
especially from their clients. 

23. Janua prohibiti. The gate was closed against them. Ja?ina, 
Abl. of Means. 

26. Novarum rerum, revolution. G. 399. 

27. Sullae dominatione. Sulla had confiscated their property. 

28. Liatrones ; object of sollicitare. 

29. Sullanis coloniis. See note on Suttani milites, p. 9, line 10. 
— Quibus; Indirect Object of fecerat, 

30. Reliqui fecerat, had left. See note on nihil reliqui fecere, p. 
7, line 6. 

31. Ancipiti malo, a double danger; lit., evil ; i. e. t from the con- 
spirators within the city and from a hostile army without. 

32. Privato consilio ; i. e., unaided by the senate. 

34. Quo consilio, what were its intentions; lit., with what purpose ; 
Abl. of Characteristic. G. 419, II. — Compertum habebat, had ascer- 
tained. Compertum is in the Acc. neuter, and agrees with the clause 
exercitus Manlii . . .foret. — Ad senatum refert; the usual technical 
expression for the action of the consul in bringing a subject to the notice 
of the senate. 

36. In atroci negotio, in a case of great peril. — Solet; supply 
fieri. 

37. Darent operam, etc. By such a decree, passed only in times 
of great public peril, extraordinary powers were conferred upon the con- 
suls. Sallust's chronology is again at fault. The decree in question was 
passed at an earlier meeting of the senate, on the 21st of October. See 
Introduction, p. 45. Darent ; Object Clause, ut omitted. G. 498, I.; 
499, 2. — Quid detrimenti ; G. 397, 3. 

16 1« Ea potestas maxima permittitur, this is the greatest power 
intrusted ; lit., this greatest power is intrusted. 

2. Exercitum parare, etc. ; the subject of permittitur, to be sup- 
plied. 

4. Imperium . . . sumnium, supreme power, military and judicial. 

5. Nullius earum . . . est, the consul has not the right to do any 
one of these things. This general statement requires qualification, as the 
consul abroad (militiae) was entitled to the imperium by virtue of his 
office. 

7. Ldtteras recitavit, read a letter ; G. 132. — Faesulis; G. 425, 
II. — Allatas ; supply esse. 

8. Scrip turn erat. The subject is the clause C. Manlium . . . A r o- 
vembres. 

9. Ante diem . . . Novembres, on the sixth day before the Calends 
of November ; i. e., on the 27th of October. For the method of obtaining 



SALLUST'S CATILINE. 69 

PAGB 

the English date, see G. 644, II. Ante diem sextum Kalendas = die sexto 16 
ante Kalendas, on the sixth day before, etc. G. 642, III., 3. But the 
whole expression may be regarded as an indeclinable noun in the Ablative 
of Time. G. 642, III., 4; 429. — Novembres ; adjective agreeing with 
Kalendas. G. 642, III., 2. 

10. Id quod solet, as is common; lit., that which is wont. G. 445, 7. 

11. Arma portari ; i. e., to convenient places for future use ; though 
the meaning may be that arms are carried ; i. e. t that men go armed. — 
Capuae, in Apulia. Explain difference of construction. G. 425, 1, and II. 

12. Senati; G. 119,3. 

13. Faesulas, in Apuliam ; G. 380, II. ; 380, 1. 

14. Circumque loca, and the surrounding places. Loca depends 
upon in. — Ad urbem, near the city. They had just returned victorious 
from their provinces— Marcius from Cilicia, Metellus from Crete — and 
had asked from the senate the honor of a triumph. They were forbidden 
by law to enter the city until the question was decided. 

15. Imperatores ; i. e. f in the capacity of commanders. They still 
retained the imperium. — Calumnia, by the intrigues. 

16. Omnia vendere; subject of erat. 

18. Permissum; supply est. — Uti compararent ; G. 501, L, 1. 

21. Sestertia centum, a hundred sestertia ; a little more than 
$4,000. 

22. Impunitatem ejus rei, impunity for this crime; i. e., for par- 
ticipation in the conspiracy. 

23. Gladiatoriae familiae, companies of gladiators. The gladiators 
were trained in schools, or companies, to which the name familia was ap- 
plied. — Capuam ; Limit of Motion depending upon distribuerentur. 

24. Pro . . . opibus, according to the ability of each; i. e., of each 
town. 

25. Minores magistratus ; consuls, praetors, and censors, were 
called majores magistratus ; all others, as aediles, tribunes, quaestors, etc., 
including the tres viri capitales y and the tres viri nocturni were called 
minores magistratus. The tres viri capitales and the tres viri nocturni had 
charge of the city police, and are probably here meant. 

XXXI., XXXII. Cicero's First Oration against Catiline. 
Scene in the Senate. Catiline leaves the City. 

29. Diuturna quies ; a period of nearly twenty years, since the 
Civil War of Marius and Sulla. Indeed, no foreign foe had approached 
Rome for nearly 150 years. 

30. Festinare, trepidare, etc. Hist. Infinitives. 
32. Quibus; construe with incesserat. 



70 



NOTES. 



16 33. Magnitudine; construe with insolitus. The greatness of the 
republic had protected them. — Timor. See Syn. L. C. 305. — Insolitus 
incesserat, had rarely come; lit., unusual had come, Insolitus agrees 
with timor. 

35. Rogitare, ashed questions continually. 

36. Sibi; G. 384. 

17 1- Lege Plautia; a law providing for the punishment of all dis- 
turbers of the public peace. — Interrogates erat. See note on interro- 
gatiy p. 10, line 8. 

3. Sicuti . . . foret; G. 513, XL 

5. Orationem ; the first against Catiline. For particulars, see In- 
troduction, p. 45. 

6. Scriptam edidit; G. 549, 5. 

9. Ea familia, from such a family. G. 415, II. — Ortum = $e 
ortum esse. 

10. Ut in spe haberet, that he had reason to hope for. 

11. Ne existimarent. Subj. from the Imperative of the Direct 
Discourse. G. 523, III. — Sibi perdita . . . opus esse, that he had any 
need of ruining the republic ; lit., of a ruined republic. G. 414, IV., note 2 ; 
549, 5, note 2. 

14. Inquilinus, of foreign birth ; a term most unjustly applied to 
Cicero, as Arpinum y his native town, enjo} r ed all the rights of Roman 
citizenship. 

15. Hostem vocare, called him an enemy. 

18. Ruina, by a general destruction. 

19. Ex curia, from the Senate. On this occasion the senate met in 
the temple of Jupiter Stator, though it ordinarily met in the Curia Hostilia, 
which stood on the northern side of the Forum. — Domum ; G. 380, II., 2. 

20. Consul! ; Indirect Object of procedebant. 

22. Optimum ; agreeing with exercitum augcre. — Factu ; G. 547. 

23. Legiones ; referring to the levies to be made by Q. Pompeius 
and Q. Metellus. See chap. 30. 

27. Confirment; Subjunctive in an Object Clause; ut omitted. 
29. Accessurum; supply esse. This infinitive depends upon a verb 
of saying implied in mandat ; G. 523, 1., note. 

XXXIII. — XXXV. Representations of Manlius and 
Catiline in regard to their Movements. 

35. Qui. The antecedent is implied in nostra. G. 445, 6. — Cru- 
delitate faeneratorum. The rapacity of the Roman money-lenders 
is generally admitted. 

36. Patriae, fama; both dependent upon expertes; the Genitive is 



SALLUST'S CATILINE. 



71 



PAGE 

the usual construction after expertes, but the Ablative is not uncommon 17 
in the earlier Latin. G. 399, I., 3 ; 414, III. 

1. Lege uti, to avail himself of the law ; i. e. y of the lex Poetelia et 18 
Papiria, which forbade imprisonment for debt. 

2. Praetoris; i. e., of the Praetor urbanus, before whom suits 
against debtors were brought. 

4. Decretis . . . opitulati sunt. Under the old Roman law the 
lower classes were much oppressed, and the debtor was absolutely at the 
mercy of the creditor. Decretis here refers to the laws enacted from time 
to time for the relief of the poor. 

6. Bonis, the nobles. This statement, that all the nobles assented 
cordially to this change, requires qualification. — Argentum aere, etc. ; 
i. e. y debts contracted in silver were paid in copper. This was done under 
the Valerian law passed 86 B. C. (novissime memoria nostra), which pro- 
vided that debts might be cancelled by the payment of one- fourth of the 
amount (twenty-five cents on the dollar). Thus the copper as was paid 
in place of the silver sestertius, which had four times its value. See also 
note on tabulas novas, p. 12, line 24. — Saepe plebes secessit. The 
last and most important of these secessions occurred in the year 287 B.C., 
and resulted in the enactment of the Hortensian law, which gave validity 
to the decrees of the plebs. 

"l2. Consulates; Subj. of Purpose; w£ omitted. 

14. Quonam modo, etc., howive may sell our lives most dearly ; lit., 
may perish having most fully avenged our blood. 

17. Discedant. Subj. from the Imperative of the Direct Discourse. 

18. Mansuetudine ; Abh of Characteristic. 

21. Ex itinere, on the road ; lit., from, out of. 

22. Optimo cuique, to all the most distinguished. G. 458, 1. 
24. Non quo esset; G. 516, II., 2. 

27. Q. Catulus. Q. Lutatius Catulus, the most illustrious of the 
senatorial party, princeps senatus. 

30. Ij. Catilina Q. Catulo = Z. Catilina Q. Catulo salutem dicit 
(sends greeting) ; a common form of salutation in Boman letters. — Re 
cognita, known by experience; as he was successfully defended by 
Catulus when tried for the crime mentioned in chap. 15, cum sacerdote 
Vestae. 

31. Commendationi meae, to my act of commending to your care; 
i. e., of commending his wife Orestilla to the care of Catulus as stated 
below. 

32. Defensionem . . . satisfactionem ; i. e., he had decided not 
to make any formal defence (defensionem) against the charges, but simply 
to offer a personal explanation (satisfactionem) to Catulus. — In novo 
consilio ; i.e., the design of repairing to the camp of Manlius. 



72 NOTES. 

PAGE 

18 34. Quam, referring to satisf actionem. 

35. Licet cognoscas, you may see; lit., it is permitted that, etc. 
Supply ut. 

36. Fructu ; Abl. of Separation. G. 414. 

37. Statum . . . obtinebam, / could not maintain my dignity ; 
i. e., his self-respect would not allow him to submit to such indignities as 
were heaped upon him. 

19 1« Aes . . . nominibus, my debts ; meis nominibus, Abl. Absol. ; lit., 
the names being mine. Some supply sumptum, obtained in my name. 

3. Alienis nominibus = aes alienum alienis nominibus, the debts 
of others, for which Catiline was probably surety. The thought is : if 
Orestilla would pay the debts of others, she would surely pay those of her 
husband. 

5. Alienatum, discarded. 

6. Hoc nomine, for this reason; lit., in this name; i. e., in the 
name of the great interests at stake. — Satis . . . meo casu, sufficiently 
honorable in view of my misfortune. 

10. Rogatus, asked, entreated ; i. e., by me. Translate, I entreat you. 

XXXVI. — XXXIX. Catiline joins Manlhis. Action of 
the Roman Senate. State of Feeling in Rome. 

12. Dum exornat, while he furnished. G. 467, 4. 

13. Fascibus. The consul, when in command of an army, was 
attended by twelve lictors bearing the fasces, which were bundles of 
rods, containing each an axe (securis). Catiline assumed these insignia 
of authority. 

16. Quam ; referring to diem. — Sine fraude, with impunity ; i. e., 
with respect to the past. 

17. Praeter condemnatis, except for those convicted. Condemna- 
tis depends upon liceret. — Rerum ; G. 409, III., note 2. 

20. Urbi praesidio sit ; G. 390, L 

21. Imperium . . . Romani ; i. e., the Roman republic. 

22. Cui, to it, referring to imperium. — Quum, although. 

26. Perditum irent, were determined to ruin ; lit., were going to 
ruin. G. 546. — Duobus decretis, though there were two decrees — one 
mentioned in chap. 30, si quis indicavisset, etc., and the other in this, sine 
fraude liceret, etc. 

27. Inductus ; agreeing with quisquam to be supplied. 

31. Aliena, disaffected. 

32. Plebes, the lower classes, not the Plebeians in distinction from 
the Patricians. 

33. Id adeo, this indeed. 



SALLUST'S CATILINE. 



73 



PAGE 

35. Invident; agreeing with the omitted antecedent of quibus* 19 
37. Sine cura; free from care, as they have nothing to lose. 

1. Egestas facile, etc., poverty (their only possession) is easily re- 20 
tained without loss. 

2. Ea; an emphatic repetition of the subject urbana plebes, in dis- 
tinction from cuncta plebes above. — Primum. Notice the five classes 
introduced respectively by primum, deinde, praeterea, praeterea, and ad 
hoc. The first class embraces three subdivisions : 1) qui ubique, 2) alii, 
and 3) omnes quos. 

4. Alii . . . amissis, others who had lost their patrimonies by shame- 
ful excesses. 

7. Sullanae victoriae; i. e., the victory of Sulla over Marius, 
whereby the former became master of Rome. See note on dominationem 
Sullae, p. 3, line 27. 

8. Alios senatores videbant, they saw some made senators. At 
the close of the Civil Wars, some of Sulla's veterans became members of 
the senate, while many more were enriched by the spoils of war. 

9. Sibi talia; supply fore. 

10. Sperabat; singular, agreeing with quisque instead of multi. — 
Juventus ; subject of praetulerat. 

11. Manuum, of labor. 

12. Liargitionibus, by largesses; i. <?., by the distribution of money 
or provisions among the poor by candidates for office, by wealthy men, and 
by the state. The curule aedile usually entertained the people with public 
festivities and amusements. 

13. Malum publicum, the corrupt state of public affairs ; i. e., by 
its gratuities, and by the employment which it gave to the low and vile. 

14. Quo, wherefore. — Homines . . . consuluisse; subject of mi- 
rand um est. 

15. Moribus, spe; Abl. of Characteristic. — Juxtaac, just as ; i.e., 
having ruined themselves, they were ready to ruin the state. 

16. Quorum ; construe with parentes, bona, and jus. The omitted 
antecedent is the subject of exspectabant. 

17. Jus . . . imminutum erat. The children of the proscribed 
were excluded from all public offices. 

18. Haud alio animo, tvith no other feelings ; i. e., than those of 
the classes already described. 

19. Aliarum atque, of any other than. G. 554, 1., 2. 

20. Quam . . . valere ipsi, than that they themselves should have 
less power. Ipsi, Nom. agreeing with the subject of malebant, fortheAcc. 
agreeing with the omitted subject of valere. — Id malum; i. e., the old 
opposition to the senatorial party. 

23. Tribunicia potestas ; i. e., the power of the tribunes of the 



74 



NOTES. 



PAGE 

20 people, tribuni plebis, officers first appointed in the fifth century before 
Christ to protect the liberties of the people. They were at first two in 
number, then five, and finally ten. Their persons were sacred, and they 
were clothed with great power. They might at any time, by their veto, 
arrest the action of the magistrates, or even of the senate. Their power 
was, however, greatly reduced by Sulla, but was afterward restored in the 
year 70 B. C. — Adulescentes. The tribunes were sometimes less than 
30 years of age. 

24. Summam, very great, 

25. Ferox, impetuous. 

28. Senatus specie, under a show of supporting the senate. — Pro 
sua magnitudine ; the real motive. 

30. Honestis nominibus, did so with a show of honorable motives. 

31. Alii, sicuti, etc.; the popular party. — Pars quo senatus; 
the senatorial party. 

36. Bellum maritinium ; i. e., the war against the pirates who 
infested the Mediterranean Sea. It was brought to a close by Pompey, 67 
B. C. 

37. Plebis . . . imminutae. This was in consequence of the ab- 
sence of Pompey, the leader of the popular party. 

21 1. Ei, ipsi ; referring to paucorum. 

2. Innoxii, unharmed. 

3. Ceteros judiciis terrere, they terrified the others by prosecutions. 
— Qui ; referring to ceteros. — In magistratu, while in office. 

4. Placidius, too mildly. 

5. Dubiis rebus, in the critical condition of affairs. Abl. Absol. 

6. Eorum ; referring to the popular party, ceteros. 

7. Aequa manu; i. e., if it had been a drawn battle. 

9. Ea uti, to enjoy it; i. e., the victory. — Quin qui plus, etc., 

without having some one who was more powerful wrest from them, etc. G. 
504, 1, note. — Defessis, exhausted, as they would have been after such a 
struggle. 

14. Parens necari. A Koman father was supreme in his own 
household, and exercised over his children the power of life and death. 
16. Quoscumque. The omitted antecedent is the object of sol- 

licitabat. 

18. Cujusque . . . hominum, every class of men; lit., of every hind. 

XL., XLI. The Allobroges, being solicited to join the 
Conspiracy, report the Case to the Government. 

21. AUobrogum. The Allobroges were a warlike people of Gaul, 
who had been conquered by the Romans more than half a century be- 



SALLUSTS CATILINE. 75 

PAGE 

fore. The deputation here spoken of came to Home to present certain 21 
complaints against the provincial government. 

22. Existimans ; the object is fadle eos, etc. ; the grounds of the 
expectation are, 1) aere alieno oppressos, and 2) quod . . . bellicosa esset. 

26. Eos noverat, knew them. G. 297, I., 2. 

27. In foro; i, e. y in the Roman forum. See view on the opposite 
page. 

28. Ejus casum, its condition ; ejus refers to civitatis. 

29. Tantis malis ; probably Abl. Absol. — Sperarent ; G. 529, 1. 
80. Magistratum ; i. e., of the Roman governors in their province. 
31. Miseriis; Indirect Object of exspectare; render as if dependent 

upon remedium. 

33. Ista, those of yours, G. 450. 

34. Ubi dixit; G. 471, 4. 

35. Ut misereretur ; Subj. of Purpose. — Sui ; G. 406. 

36. Esse, depends upon a verb of saying implied in orare. G. 523, 
I., note. — Quod . , . essent; Subj. of Result. G. 500. 

37. Dum, if only. — Aere; G. 414, 1. 

1. D. Bruti; the husband of Sempronia. He had taken no part in 22 
the conspiracy. 

2. Neque aliena, etc., suitable for the consultation. G. 391, II., 4. 

6. Innoxios, innocent ; i. e. } he named among the conspirators many 
who really had no part in the treasonable scheme. 

7. Pollicitos operam suam, after they had promised their co- 
operation, especially by exciting insurrection among their own people. 

8. In . . . habuere, were in doubt ; lit., held it {i. e. 9 the question 
quidnam . . . caperent) in uncertainty. 

11. Majores opes, etc. ; the advantages to be gained by espousing 
the cause of the government against the conspirators. 

13. Cujus patrocinio. Q. Fabius Sanga was the patron of the 
Allobroges, and as such was the regular medium of communication be- 
tween them and the Roman government. 

15. Studium conjurationis, zeal for the conspiracy. G. 393, note. 

17. Uti eos manifestos habeant; lit., that they should hold them 
convicted ; i. e., should secure positive proof of their guilt. 

XLIL, XLIII. Doings of the Conspirators in the Mean 

Time, 

20. Bruttio; adjective agreeing with agro. — Motus, a disturbance^ 
an alarm, 

21. Ante dimiserat. See chap. 27. 

22. Cuncta simul, everything at the same time. 



76 



NOTES. 



PAGE 

22 23. Armorum, telorum. The former is the general word for 
arms, especially for defensive arms, while the latter denotes offensive 
weapons. — Portationibus ; i.e., by carrying or transporting them from 
place to place, though some critics make the word refer simply to the act 
of carrying or wearing arms. See note on arma portari, p. 16, line 11. 

26. Causa cognita, having investigated the case. G. 431, 2, (2). 

27. Murena; subject of conjecerat to be supplied. 

29. Ut videbantur magnis, large, as they appeared. The subject 
of videbantur is a pronoun referring to copiis. 

30. Constituerant ; G. 461, 4. — In agrurn Faesulanum. There 
seems to be some mistake in this account of the plan of the conspirators, 
unless the ager Faesulanus here mentioned refers to someplace near Rome; 
and not to Faesulae where Manlius was encamped ; as we are told in chap. 
36 that it was already known at Rome that Catiline had reached the camp 
of Manlius. 

33. Eo signo, at that signal; Abl. of Time. 

34. Conjurationis ; by metonymy for conjuratorum. — Suumquis- 
que negotium, every one his part ; i. e., the part assigned him by the 
leaders. 

35. Ea = ea negotia. — Divisa = divisa esse. 

37. Quo tumultu, that in the confusion ; lit., by which tumult. 

23 1. Parabantur. Observe the force of the Indicative. G. 529, II., 2). 
3. Alius . . . alium, moreover, that one should attack one, and an- 
other another. 

6. Decreta, decisions. 

8. Dies prolatando, by deferring action ; lit., days ; i. e., the days 
appointed from time to time for the execution of their plans. — Corrum- 
pere, were wasting. 

XLIV., XLV. Further /Services of the Allobroges. 

13. Ex praecepto Ciceronis, etc. See p. 22, line 14; Cicero 
praecipit ut ceteros adeant, etc. 

14. Ceteros conveniunt, have an interview with the others. 

15. Jus jurandum. This was to be in writing, and was to be given 
under the seals (signatum) of Lentulus and others. — Quod perferant ; 
Subj. of Purpose. 

17. Dant; supply jus jurandum. 

18. Eo ; i. e., into their country. 

24. Fac cogites, consider ; lit., make that you consider. G. 
499, 2. 

25. Memineris ; Perfect Subj. ; Present in signification. G. 297, 2. 

26. Rationes, interests. 




TEMPLE OF CONCORD. 
(Restored by Cav. Canina.) 



p. 11. 



SALLUST'S CATILINE. 77 

PAGE 

27. Ab inumis,/rom the lowest; with special reference to slaves. 23 
— Verbis, orally ; lit., in toords, i. e., in spoken words. Abl. of Manner. 

28. Quum . . . accedere. Indirect Discourse. In the Direct 
form the verbs would be as follows : judicatus sis, repudias or repudies, 
par ata sunt, jussisti, cunctare, accedere. Explain the changes in passing 
from the Direct to the Indirect form. G. 523; 524; 526. See also 
notes on perfacile esse, etc., Caesar, p. 2, line 7, and on quod ipse, etc., 
Caesar, p. 2, line 38. 

31. Constituta nocte; t. e., on the night of Dec. 2d. — Qua . . * 
proficiscerentur ; Relative clause of Purpose. 

32. Cuncta; G. 374. — Li. Valerio, etc. Lucius Flaccus and Gaius 
Pomptinus, praetors under Cicero, had both seen service in previous 
wars. At the close of the praetorship, Flaccus became governor of the 
province of Asia, and Pomptinus of Gallia Narbonensis. 

33. Praetoribus. The praetors, eight in number, were Roman 
magistrates, charged with the administration of justice. — Ponte Mul- 
vio. This was one of the bridges over the Tiber. It was on the road 
to Faesulae, and was three miles from the Roman Forum. 

34. Allobrogum comitatus = Allobroges et comitatus, 

35. Cetera uti facto, etc., he permits them to manage (that they 
may manage) the rest as the occasion may require (lit., so as there may be 
need of action. 

1. Id loci, that place ; lit., that of place. Loci, Partitive Gen. 21 

2. Utrimque, on both sides ; i, e., from the forces stationed on both 
sides of the river. The embassadors were at the time upon the bridge, 
and were accordingly between the two forces. 

3. Cito . . . consilio, having quickly comprehended the plan, 
6. Multa, earnestly ; lit., as to many things, 

XL VI., XL VII. Arrest of Several of the Conspirators, 

11. Intellegens, etc. This is the reason for his joy, while dubitans 
below explains his anxiety. 

12. Porro, again, 

13. Tantis, so important, 

14. Quid facto opus esset, what ought to be done ; lit., in respect 
to what there was need of action, 

15. Perdendae . . . fore, would tend to ruin the republic; lit., 
would be of, etc. G. 542, L, note 2. 

22. Manu tenens, taking by the hand ; in recognition of his official 
station. — Perducit ; i, e., in aedem Concordiae, 

23. Aedem Concordiae ; situated on the slope of the Capitoline 
Hill near the Forum. See view on the opposite page. 




78 



NOTES. 



PAGE 

24 24. Eo, thither; i. e., to the temple of Concord. — Magnaque 
frequentia, and with a full attendance. . Abl. Absol. 

29. Quid, aut, etc. = quid consilii aut qua de causa habidsset. 

30. Fingere alia, tried to devise a different account ; i. e. } different 
from the true one. — Fingere, dissimulare. See Syn., L. C. 605. — 
Fide piiblica, with a pledge from the state ; i. e., with a promise of 
pardon. 

32. Paucis ante diebus; G. 430. 

33. Legatos ; subject of scire, to be supplied. 

34. Sol it inn, that he had been accustomed. Supply esse. 

37. Praeter . . . sermonibus, both by his letters and by the con- 
versations ; lit., by the conversations besides the letters. 

25 1. Ex libris Sibyllinis, from the Sibylline predictions. These 
predictions were not taken from the three famous Sibjdline books said to 
have been purchased by King Tarquin, for those had been destroyed 
twenty years before, at the time of the burning of the Capitol. Various 
other Sibylline books were, however, soon after collected from different 
portions of Italy and Greece. In one of these was found a prediction 
which was interpreted to mean that three members of the Cornelian gens 
should rule Home. In the opinion of Lentulus, the three Cornelii were Pub- 
lius Cornelius Cinna, notorious for his tyranny and cruelty, Lucius Corne- 
lius Sulla, the famous dictator, and himself, Publius Cornelius Lentulus. 

3. Urbis; G. 410, V., 3. — Urbis potiri; in apposition with fatum. 

4. Incenso Capitolio. From some unknown cause, the Capitol, 
i. e., the Temple of Jupiter on the Capitoline Hill, was burned 83 B. C. 

6. Signa sua cognovissent, had recognized their seals. 

7. Abdicate magistratu. No Roman magistrate could be pun- 
ished while in office. 

8. In liberis custodiis. One was said to be in libera custodia 
when, instead of being thrown into prison, he was put under the care of 
some responsible person. 

XL VIII., XLIX. Charges against Crassns and Caesar. 

13. Plebes, mutata mente. Immediately after the adjournment 
of the senate Cicero delivered before the people his Third Oration against 
Catiline, which produced the change of feeling here mentioned. See In- 
. troduction, p. 47. 

15. Exsecrari ; Historical Infinitive. 

16. Gaudium, laetitiam; Gaudium is joy, the feeling itself; lae- 
titia, exultation, especially as it manifests itself in look and action. 

17. Alia, other; i. e., other than incendium. 
19. Quippe cui erant, because they had. 



SALLUST'S CATILINE. 



79 



PAGE 

20. In uso . . . corporis, in articles of daily use, and in clothing 25 
for their persons. 

21. Post eum diem ; i. e., on the next day. 

23. Aiebant, diceret. Dico is to tell, say, opposed to taceo ; aio 
to affirm, assert, opposed to nego. 

25. Eadem senatum ; G. 374. 

26. De itinere hostium ; i, e. y of the approach of Catiline and his 
army. 

27. Qui nuntiaret; Relative of Purpose. Qui refers to se as its 
antecedent. 

28. Lentulus . . . deprehensi, the arrest of Lentulus, etc. G. 549, 
note 2. 

29. Eoque . . . properaret, and that for this reason he should make 
the greater haste. 

30. Illi; im e., those who were under arrest. 

34. Tanta vis hominis, a man of so great power. 

36. Ex, on account of. — Negotiis privatis; referring probably to 
loans. 

37. Uti referatur, that the question — whether the statement of 
Tarquinius should be accepted — be referred to the senate. — Consulente. 
Cicero, as presiding officer, put the vote, or, in other words, consulted the 
senate to ascertain its will and pleasure. 

3. Amplius potestatem; supply indicandi.— Cujus consilio, by 26 
whose advice. 

5. Machinatum ; supply esse, was devised. 

6. Per . . . periculi, by sharing the danger. 

7. Immissum ; supply esse, had been influenced, instigated. 

8. Suscepto . . . patrocinio, by undertaking the defence of the 
criminals ; i. e., of the conspirators. 

10. Tantam . . . impositam; a mere suspicion, doubtless, without 
any foundation in fact. 

16. Piso oppugnatus, Piso because he had been assailed; i. e., by 
Caesar. C. Calpurnius Piso, consul 67 B. C, and afterward proconsul of 
Gallia Narbonensis, was tried for extortion 63 B. C, and during the trial 
was assailed by Caesar for having unjustly punished one of the Gauls be- 
yond the Po of whom Caesar was patron. 

17. Ex petitione, because of his treatment as a candidate. Catulus 
had been a candidate for the office of pontifex maximus, but had been 
defeated by Caesar, who was then only thirty-seven years of age. 

20. Res autem, the occasion moreover. 

21. Privatim, publice, as a private citizen, as a public officer ; i.e., 
as aedile. See "Life of Caesar," p. ix. — Liberalitate, muneribus ; 
Abls. of Characteristic. 



80 



NOTES. 



26 22. Grandem pecuniam. This indebtedness is said to have 
amounted at one time to nearly $4,000,000. 

23. Singulatim circumeundo, by going around to individuals, 
25. Illi ; referring to Caesar. — Usque eo, ut, to such an extent that. 
28. Animi mobilitate, by their excitable feelings. — Quo studium 
. . . esset; Subj. of Purpose depending upon minitarentur. 

L. — LII. Discussion in the Senate on the Punishment of 
the Conspirators. Speeches of Caesar and Cato. 

33. Liberti, thefreedmen. Libertus is zfreedman in his relation to 
his former master ; libertinus y afreedman without such reference. 

34. Diversis itineribus, in different places; lit., the routes being 
different. — Eum ; referring to Lentulus. 

35. Partim, some of them ; lit., they in part. — Multitudinum, of 
the rabble ; i. e., in different localities ; hence plural. 

27 t> Grege facto, in a body. 

4. Convocato senatu. This was on the fifth of December. It was 
on this occasion that Cicero pronounced his Fourth Oration against Catiline. 
See Introduction, p. 47. — Quid . . . placeat; Indirect Question depend- 
ing upon refert. 

6. Senatus judicaverat. See chap. 36. — Contra rem pub- 
licam, etc. ; i. e. t had been engaged in treasonable acts. 

7. Primus . . . rogatus. The consul called upon the. senators in 
the order of their rank, beginning with the consuls elect, or in their absence 
with the princeps senatus, the senator whose name stood first upon the 
censor's roll. 

10. Supplicium, capital punishment. 

11. Decreverat, dixerat, censuerat. Here the Perfect tense, 
which would have been entirely proper, would have stated simply the his- 
torical fact, whereas the Pluperfect contemplates the action as completed 
at the time of some other action, in this case doubtless the final vote. — 
Oratione C. Caesaris ; i. e., by the oration given in the next chapter. 

12. Pedibus in sententiam iturum se, that he would vote for the 
opinion. The vote was often taken by a division of the house ; i. e.> those 
in the affirmative took their places together in one part of the house. 
Hence the expression in the text. — Tib. Neronis. Tiberius Claudius 
Nero, the grandfather of the Emperor Tiberius. 

13. De ea re . . . referendum, that the question should be referred 
to the senate after the guards had been strengthened; i.e., he favored a 
postponement of the subject. 

15. Hujusce modi; L e., we have tlic general purport of Caesar's 
speech, but not his exact words. 



SALLUST'S CATILINE. 



81 



PAGE 

10. Patres conscript!, conscript fathers ; i. e., senators. The sena- 27 
tors were originally called patres, fathers, afterward patres conscripti ; i.e., 
the enrolled fathers, enrolled in the lists of the senate. Some think, upon 
the authority of Livy, II., 1, that the address patres conscripti, was orig- 
inally patres et conscripti, fathers and those who were enrolled with them, 
and that conscripti was applied to the new members added to the senate 
on the establishment of the commonwealth. 

19. Ilia; they ; i. e., odium, amicitia, etc. 

20. Usui, interest, advantage, — Ubi . . . ingenium, when you have 
exerted your intellectual powers. 

21. Magna . . . memorandi, I might mention many instances in 
which kings . . . have carried out bad counsels ; lit., there is to me great 
ability of, etc. Quae is the object of consuluerint. 

25. Bello Macedonico ; i. e., the war in which L. Aemilius Paulus 
conquered Perses, king of Macedonia, 168 B. C. 

27. Populi . . . creverat. For their earlier services to the Ro- 
mans, they had received the territories of Caria and Lycia. 

30. Injuriae, of the injury ; i. e., the injury done to us. — Impuni- 
tos. This statement is not strictly true, as the Rhodians were deprived of 
Caria and Lydia. 

31. Bellis Punicis ; i. e., in the three Punic wars, the last of which 
resulted in the destruction of Carthage. 

33. Per occasionem, when the opportunity offered. This may be the 
Roman version of the story, but it is certainly not the Carthaginian view. 

34. In illos, against them; i. e., against the Carthaginians. 

3. Novum consilium, a new measure; i. e., the punishment of 28 
death, which could be legally inflicted only by a vote of the people. The 
senate, however, claimed and exercised the right of declaring martial law 

in times of great public peril. — Omnium ingenia, all our powers of 
conception ; lit., of all. 

4. Eis utendum ; supply esse ; we must use those. Utendum is im- 
personal. 

6. Composite . . . magnifice, in studied terms and with lofty 
eloquence. 

8. Quae . . . saevitia . . . enumeravere. The first clause depends 
upon enumeravere only by zeugma. Render : they have shown . . . have 
enumerated. 

10. Pati; supply ea, the omitted antecedent of quae. 
13. Quo . . . pertinuit ? An uti, to what purpose was that ora- 
tory ? or was it that. G. 353, 2, note 4. 
15. Scilicet, doubtless, in irony. 

17. Suae; refers to cuiquam. G. 449, 2. Gravius aequo 
habuere, have exaggerated. 



82 



NOTES. 



PAGE 

28 19. Alia aliis . . . est, one degree of license is allowed to one party 
and another to another ; i. e., an act which would attract little attention in 
an obscure peasant would disgrace a Roman senator. — Demissi ; con- 
strue in the antecedent clause, if those in humble life who live in obscurity 
have done anything wrong, 

22. In excelso, in a conspicuous position, 

24. Studere, to favor. 

25. In imperio, in persons in authority. 
27. Minores quam, inadequate for. 

29. Postrema, what happens last ; in this case the punishment of 
the criminals.] — In, in the case of. 

32. Neque ilium gratiam exercere, and that he is not influenced 
by (lit., does not exercise) favor. 

33. Eos . . . cognovi, such I have learned, etc. 

36. Aliena .... nostra, foreign to our republic. 

37. Injuria; t. e., your sense of the wrong done the state. 

29 4:. Id quod res habet, that which the case itself involves ; i. e. y the 
fact as it really is. 

5. Aerumnarum requiem, a rest from toils. 

6. Ultra neque . . . esse. Caesar does not appear to recognize the 
doctrine of a future life at all, and yet he was Chief Pontiff of Rome. 

8. Uti prius animadverteretur, that punishment should first be 
inflicted ; impersonal. 

9. Jjex Porcia. The Porcian law forbade that a Roman citizen 
should be scourged or put to death without having been allowed the privi- 
lege of an appeal to the people. 

10. Aliae leges. It is impossible to say to what specific laws Caesar 
here refers. The Sempronian law, which provided that the punishment 
of death should not be inflicted upon a Roman citizen without the vote of 
the people, may have been one of them. — Condemnatis . . . permitti 
jubent. This seems to imply that a Roman condemned to death was 
allowed to go into exile ; but we have no positive knowledge of any such 
statute, though citizens sometimes escaped the death-penalty by going into 
exile before sentence was pronounced upon them. 

13. Facinoris; G. 409, II. — Sin; supply from above in sententia 
non addidisti, uti, etc. — Lievius est ; supply verberari. 

14. Qui convenit, how is it consistent f 

16. At enim, but, indeed, introducing a supposed objection. 

17. Tempus, dies, etc., the opportunity, time, etc. Supply repre- 
hendent. The thought is, that time will show the pernicious influence of 
our example, if we disregard the law. — Cujus libido, whose caprice. 

18. Illis, to them ; i. e., the conspirators. 

19. In alios; i. e., other than the conspirators. The meaning is 



SALLUST'S CATILINE. 83 

PAGE 

this : if you inflict upon the guilty an illegal penalty, you establish a 29 
dangerous precedent, which in the hands of tyrants may be used against 
the innocent. 

22. Ab dignis, from those who deserve it ; i. e. t this special punish- 
ment. 

23. Devictis Atbeniensibus ; i. <?., in the Pelooonnesian War, 
from 431 to 404 B. C. 

24. Triginta viros. These are known in history as the Thirty 
Tyrants. 

26. Ea ; object of laetari y which usually takes the Abl. 

28. Libidinose, at their pleasure. 

31. Damasippum. L. Junius Brutus Damasippus, of the Marian 
faction, after having been guilty of the most inhuman cruelty toward mem- 
bers of the opposite party, was finally put to death by the order of Sulla. — 
Malo, by the calamity. 

34. Necatos ; supply esse. 

37. Is ; referring to alicujus. — In proscriptorum, etc., referring to 
the proscriptions of Sulla. See note on dominationem Sullae, p. 3, line 27. 

2. Trahebantnr ; i. e.,to execution. 30 

3. Atque non, not indeed. 

5. Potest falsum . . . credi, some false charge may be believed as 
true; lit., for true. 

6. Alio consule, under another consul ; Abl. Absol. 
10. Consilii; G. 410, V., 1. 

12. Quo minus imitarentur, from imitating; lit, by ivhich they 
should less imitate. 

13. Arma . . . Samnitibus. This statement is only partially true, 
though qualified by pleraque, which should be taken with arma and tela as 
well as with insignia. Many of the Roman names of arms are the same as 
the Greek. The Samnites were a warlike people in the interior of southern 
Italy. — Insignia magistratuum ; as, for instance, the curule chair, the 
fasceSy the lictors, etc. 

16. Exsequebantur, they adopted ; lit., followed out. 

17. Graeciae morem imitati. This statement, that the early 
lloman law borrowed its severity from the Greek, seems not to be sup- 
ported by any historical evidence. 

21. Circumveniri, to be unjustly condemned ; lit., circumvented. 
24. Quo minus capiamus, why we should not adopt. 

27. Bene parta, well earned ; i. e., by cur fathers. 

29. Placet; supply mihi, do I propose t — Eos; i. e., the prisoners. 

32. Neu quis, and that no one. — Neu referat. Observe the change 
of construction after censeo : first the Acc. with Infin., then neu with the 
Subj., and then again the Acc. with Infin. 



84 NOTES. 

PAGE 

30 35. Verbo, in a word ; i. e., without making a speech. 

36. Alius alii, one to one, another to another ; i. e. f one assented 
to the opinion of Silanus, another to that of Caesar. — M. Porcius Cato, 
Tribune elect, great-grandson of Cato the censor. 

31 2. Nonnullorum; G. 553, 1. 

5. Cavere ab illis, to defend ourselves against them. 
7. Persequare, you may punish. Potential Subj. — Hoc ; subject 
of evenit. 

9. Fit reliqui, is left ; reliqui, Predicate Gen. 

11. Pluris fecistis, have prized more highly. G. 404, note 1. 

14. Capessite rem publicam, secure the public safety. 

16. In dubio, in peril. 

17. In hoc ordine; i. e., in the senate. 

19. Adversos, as opponents, strictly an adjective agreeing with mor- 
tales. 

20. Qui mini . . . gratiam fecissem, as I had never granted 
pardon to myself etc. Fecissem; Subj. of Cause. The language here 
used is eminently characteristic of this remarkable man. 

22. Ea ; i. e., ea verba. 

23. Opulentia . . . tolerabat; i. e., the resources of the state were 
adequate to save it from the consequences of this neglect. 

26. Sed haec, but whether these things; the interrogative particle is 
omitted. 

27. An . . . hostium, or together with ourselves shall be the prop- 
erty of the enemy. — Hie mini quisquam, etc. Observe the sarcasm 
aimed at Caesar. 

31. Eo, by this means. Some construe with extremo. 
33. Ne; construe both with largiantur and with eant, 

36. Bene et composite, etc. Notice the fine irony. 

37. Ea; explained by diverso . . . habere. 

32 4. Videlicet timens. Irony again, as Cato suspects Caesar of 
sympathizing with the conspirators. 

5. Conducta, hired. 

7. Non plus possit, was not more powerful. G. 513, II. — Ibi, ubi, 

there, where ; i. e., in the municipal towns where Caesar would keep the . 
prisoners. 

11. Eo magis refert me, it is the more important that I. 

14. Quanto attentius, the more carefully. 

15. Illis, refers to exercitu Gatilinae, etc. — Si . . . languere ; i. e. % 
if they discover any indication of weakness on your part. 

16. Aderunt, they will be present ; i. e. y will attack you. 

21. Quae nulla, none of which ; lit., which none. 

23. Neque . . . obnoxius, subject neither to guilt nor to passion. 



SALLUST'S CATILINE. 85 

PAGE 

25. Publice egestatem, as a state, poverty, 32 

29. Hie, here ; i. e., in the senate. 

30. Vacuam; i. e., vacuara ab defensoribus, defenceless. 

32. Incendere. Conjuro admits either the Infinitive or ut with 
the Subjunctive. — Gallorum gentem ; i. e., the Allobroges. 

34. Supra caput est; a figurative expression denoting imminent 
peril ; lit., is over our heads ; render, is at our very gates. — Quid hosti- 
bus faciatis, what will you do with the enemy f G. 415, III., note 1. 

35. Misereamini censeo, you should pity them, I suppose ; in 
bitter irony. 

37. Ne, yes. 

1. In miseriam convertet, will turn to ruin. 33 

3. Maxime; supply earn timetis.-—AMus . . . exspectantes, 
toaiting one for another. 

8. Prospere . . . cedunt, all success is attained ; lit., all things 
result prosperously. 

10. Bello GalliCO. According to Livy, this incident occurred in 
the war with the Latins, 340 B. C. 

14. Videlicet . . . eorum, doubtless their previous life ; lit., the rest 
of etc. ; in bitter irony. 

15. Obstat, excuses. — Dignitati, the rank, referring to the prae- 
torship. 

18. Iterum,/or the second time; thus implicating Cethegus in the 
abortive attempt of Catiline mentioned in chap. 18. 

19. Quicquam pensi, any consideration; lit., anything of. 

21. Si peccato . . . esset; i. e., if it would be safe to run the 
risk of making a mistake on the side of clemency; but such a mistake 
now would be fatal before we could correct it. 

24. Faucibus urget, seizes you by the throat. Faucibus, Abl. of 
Specification. 

28. Quum, whereas, introducing the preamble of his resolution. 

32. De coufessis ; construe with sumendum. 

33. Manifestis, convicted. — More majorum. According to the 
ancient custom, those who were condemned to capital punishment were 
strangled in prison. 

UIL, LIV. Causes of Roman Greatness. Characters 
of Caesar and Cato. 

36. Virtutem animi, his courageous spirit. 

37. Alii . . . vocant, in a reproving manner (lit, reproving), they 
calied one another timid. G. 467, III., 1. 

3. Mini multa. Construe mihi with libuit and multa with facinora. 34 



86 



NOTES. 



34 7. Legionibus. This military term, strictly applicable only to the 
Roman army, is here applied to the forces of the enemy. — Contendisse ; 
supply populum Romanum. 

8. Parvis copiis, with small resources ; in contrast with opulentis. 

9. Fortunae violentiam; referring to their various disasters and 
reverses, as in the Punic and Gallic wars. — Facundia. Facundia is 
eloquence, or the ability to speak with ease and effect; eloquentia is 
eloquence as an art. 

10. Ante fuisse, had surpassed. — Multa agitanti, reflecting much. 

11. Paucorum civium, etc. This ingenious explanation has un- 
fortunately little historical value. 

12. Divitias paupertas ; the abstract for the concrete, wealth for 
a wealthy people, and poverty for a people without wealth. 

14. Rursus, on the contrary. 

17. Ingenti virtute ; construe with viri. 

19. Obtulerat, fuit, etc. ; for obtulit, est, etc., as in letters. G. 472, 1. 

20. Quin aperirem, without unfolding. G. 504, 1, note. 

22. Genus, family. The Julian gens to which Caesar belonged, 
and the Porcian to which Cato belonged, were both illustrious. — Aetas, 
Cato was five years younger than Caesar. 

23. Gloria; supply par fuit. — Alia alii = alia gloria alii; i. e., 
though their glory was equal, it was not the same. 

25. Ille, huic; G. 450, 2. 

27. Nihil largiundo, by giving nothing ; i. e., to purchase favor 
or popularity. 

SO. In animum induxerat, had determined ; i. e., had made it 
the rule of his life. 

31. Neglegere; Historical Infinitive. 

32. Quod esset; G. 503, 1. — Dono dignum, worth giving. 

33. Bellum novum, a new war ; i. e., in a new and untried field, 
where no other commanders had been before him. — Ubi posset; Subj. 
of Purpose. G. 497, 1. 

37. Abstinentia, in disinterestedness ; Abl. of Specification. — Esse 
.... bonus malebat; a noble maxim and one of great antiquity, 
known to the Greeks as well as to the Romans. 

35 1. Quo minus, eo magis, the less, the more. G. 423. 

LV. Execution of the Conspirators. 

3. In . . . sententiam discessit. See note on pedibus in senten- 
tiam, etc., p. 27, line 12. 

4. Noctem antecapere, to anticipate the night ; i. e. t to execute 

the prisoners before night. 



SALLUST'S CATILINE. 87 

PAGE 

5. Eo spatio; i. e., in the course of the night. — Tresviros ; i. e. y 35 

the tresviri capitales, who had charge of executions. 

7. Ceteris, to the others. 

8. In carcere . . . Tullianum. The prison of Rome was situated 
at the foot of the Capitoline hill near the Temple of Concord. The Tul- 
lianum was a subterranean dungeon in this prison. — Quod ; attracted. 
G. 445, 4. 

10. Humi depressus, dug in the earth ; lit., on the ground. 

11. Ljapideis . . . juneta, composed of stone arches ; lit., joined ; 
i. e.y made by joining. 

13. Vindices . . . capitalium. Not the tresviri mentioned above, 
but the common executioners who acted under their orders. 

14. Laqueo gulam fregere; i. e., strangled him, the common 
mode of execution. 

LVL, LVII. Catiline organizes his Forces in Etruria, 
and prepares for Battle, 

20. Duas . . . instituit, organized two legions the usual force of a 
consul. 

21. Cohortes pro numero, etc., he filled the cohorts in proportion 
to the number of his men ; i. e., as he had not enough men to fill the co- 
horts, he first placed only 100 men in each, and then added to this number 
as his forces increased. Each legion contained ten cohorts. 

22« Ex sociis, of his associates ; i. e., in the conspiracy. — Venerat, 
distrlbuerat, etc. Pluperfect with reference to the approach of Antonius. 

23. Numero, with the full number, originally 3,000 infantry and 300 
cavalry, afterward increased to 4,500, and even to 6,000. 

27. Alii, some. 

28. Antonius. Gains Antonius, the colleague of Cicero in the con- 
sulship. 

29. Ad urbem ; i. e., toward Rome. — In versus, in the direction of 

33. Cujus = cujus generis, referring to slaves as a class; render, of 
whom. 

34. Alienum . . . rationibus, inconsistent with his interests. 

1. Patefactam =patef actum esse ; depending upon a verb of saying 36 
implied in nuntius pervenit. 

5. In agrum Pistoriensem, into the territory of Pistoria, among 
the Apennines north-west of Faesulae. Catiline hoped to find protection 
among the Allobroges. 

9. Praesidebat, was commanding. — Ex . . . rerum; construe 
with existimans. — Rerum, of his (Catiline's) affairs. — Ilia; object of 
agitare ; referring to Catiline's flight into Gaul. 



88 



NOTES. 



36 il. Sub . . . radicibus, at the very foot; i. e., on the northern side 
of the Apennines. 

12. Illi= Catilinae. 

14. Magno exercitu; G. 419,1. — 'Ex.-peditus, unimpeded, because 
he was pursuing locis aequioribus, while Catiline was fleeing per monies 
asperos. The text is uncertain. 

15. In fuga —fugientem. 

17. Adversas, unfavorable ; i. e., to himself. 

LVIIL, LIX. Catiline } s Address to his Soldiers. Dis- 
position of Forces on either side. 

21. Compertum habeo, I have ascertained. The object ofhabeo is 
verba virtutem non addere, with which compertum agrees. G. 388, 1, note. 

22. Ex ignavOtfrom being inactive. 

26. Timor animi, fear in the soul; lit., of etc. 

28. Mei consilii, of my determination ; i. e., to engage in battle. 

30. Quoque modo=^ quo modo. 

31. Dum opperior, while I have been waiting for; the reason for 
not having earlier set out for Gaul. G. 467, 4. 

34. Ab urbe, on the side toward the city. Sec note on ab Sequanis, 
Caesar, p. 1, line 17. 

35. Maxime ferat, should especially impel us. 
37. Forti animo, Abl. of Characteristic. 

37 4. Commeatus; supply the verb from erunt above. 
5. Adversa fient, will become hostile. 

9. Illis super vacaneum, not necessary for them, in contrast with 
nobis necessitudo impendet. 

11. Liicuit vobis, etc. The alternative offered them if they had not 
entered the conspiracy. 

14. Haec sequi, to pursue this course ; i. e., to espouse the cause of 
Catiline. 

15. Audacia opus est ; implying that it would be more perilous to 
abandon the cause than to defend it. G. 414, IV. — Pace bellum ; G. 422, 
note 2. 

17. Ea; for id in apposition with in fuga . . . sperare; attracted to 
agree with dementia. G. 445, 4. 

19. Habetur; lit., is possessed ; i. e., is a possession; render sim- 
ply, is. 

22. Hortantur, encourage. 

23. Nam . . . prohibent, etc. ; assigning a reason for a thought 
which may be easily supplied : We nee^l not fear the numbers of the enemy, 

for the narrowness of the pass, etc. 



SALLUST'S CATILINE. 89 

PAGE 

25. Inviderit, should deny success. — Cavete ; supply ne. G. 499, 2. 3 7 

26. Potius quam relinquatis, rather than have. 

29. Signa canere jubet, ordered the signal to be given; lit., to 
sound. Signa the subject of canere. 

33. PrO loco, in accordance with the character of the place. 

34. Sinistros montes . . . aspera, mountains on the left and 
places craggy with rocks on the right. — Aspera, Acc. Plur. Neut. = loca 
aspera. 

35. Reliquarum, of the rest; i. e., of the cohorts, of which he had 
twenty in all. — Signa, stundards t of which each cohort had three, one 
for each maniple. 

36. Ab eis, from them; i. e. } from the reserve. To strengthen the 
van, he took from his reserve all the centurions, all the veteran volun- 
teers (evocatos), and the best of the common soldiers. — Lectos, picked 
men ; in apposition with centuriones. — Evocatos ; a class of veteran 
soldiers enlisted on terms of special privilege. 

2. Faesulanum quendam; called P. Furius by Plutarch. — Cu- 38 
rare, to command. 

3. Cum libertis, with his freedmen. See note on liberti, p. 26, line 
33. — Propter aquilam, near the eagle y the standard of the legion. 

4:. Bello Cimbrico. A war in which the Cimbri, a warlike people 
from the north, were conquered by Marius, 101 B. C. 

5. Pedibus aeger. Perhaps a mere excuse to avoid going into 
battle against his friend Catiline. 

7. Tumulti. Tumultus is often applied to sudden invasions, insur- 
rections, and civil wars, emergencies of special peril which demand ex- 
traordinary measures of defence. G. 119, 3. 

9. Equo circumiens, riding about. 

12. Amplius annos ; G. 417, note 2. 

13. Tribunus; i. e. f tribunus militum. See Diet. — Praefectus. 
The praefectus , not praefectus equitum, held the same position among the 
auxiliaries as the tribunes among the Roman soldiers. 

14. Plerosque ipsos, most of them personally. 

LX., LXL Defeat and Death of Catiline. 

18. Paulatim, slowly.— Jubet; like dat f dependent upon ubi ; 
supply et. G. 554, I., 6. 

21. Res geritur, the battle was fought. 

22. Veterani, refers to the cohortes veteranas mentioned above, line 7. 

23. Illi; i. e., the forces of Catiline. 

25. Pro sauciisjo take the place of the wounded; lit, , for the wounded. 
28. Contra ac ratus erat, contrary to what he had expected. 



90 



NOTES. 



38 29. Tendere, exert himself. 

31. Utrimque, on both sides ; i. e., of his own forces, from his posi- 
tion in the centre of the enemy's line. — Ex lateribus, mi the flanks; 
i, e.y the inner flanks exposed to him by the breaking of the centre. 

32. In primis, among the foremost ; construe with pugnantes . 
36. Cerneres, you might have seen. G. 485, note 1. 

39 1. Quern locum, eum —eum locum quern. 

2. Quos medios, etc., whom, stationed in the centre, the praetorian 
cohort had separated. See preceding page, line 29. 
6. Etiam spirans, still breathing. 

9. Juxta pepercerant; lit., had spared alike, i. e., not at all; ren- 
der, had been alike unsparing of. 

11. Strenuissimus quisque; G. 458, 1. 

15. Alii, pars ; in partitive apposition with multi. 

17. Laetitia, maeror, jog and sorrow, as involuntarily expressed 
in look and action. See note on gaudium, laetitiam, p. 25, line 16. — 
Liuctus atque gaudia, mourning and exultation; i. e. t sorrow and joy 
as intentionally expressed in word and deed. Gaudium in the Sing, is 
simply the imoard feeling, but the Plur. gaudia denotes instances of the 
feeling, concrete expressions of it, or exhibitions of it. Notice also the 
inverted order in luctus atque gaudia in contrast with laetitia, maeror. 
G. 562. 



DICTIO^AEY. 



5 



DICTIONARY. 



For Explanation of References and Abbreviations, see page 42. 



A — ACCIDO 



A. 

A. Abbr. for Aulus. 
, a, ab, prep, with abl. G. 434. 
From, away from ; ab stirpe, utterly, 
x. ; ab arrnis discedere, to lay down 
arms, xxxiv. ; from, against, xxxn., 
lii. ; on the side of, in the direction 
of ; ab urbe, on the side toward the 
city, lviii. ; ab dextra, on the right, 
lix. ; by. 

ab-dico, are, avi, aium, v. tr. 
(dico, to proclaim). To abdicate, 
resign. 

abdltns, a, um, adj. (abdo, to re- 
move). Remote, retired. 

ab-duco, ere, duxi, ductum, v. tr. 
To lead away, withdraw. 

ab-eo, Ire, ii, xtum, v. intr. To 
go from; praeceps abire, to rush, 
plunge, or go headlong, xxv. 

ab-juro, are, avi, atum, v. tr. 
(juro, to swear). To deny on oath ; 
to forswear. 

Ab-orlgines, wm, m. pi. (orlgo, 
origin). The Aborigines, the primi- 
tive inhabitants of Italy and the 
ancestors of the Romans, vi. 

ab-solvo, ere, solvi, solutum, v. tr. 



To loose ; to dispatch, finish ; to re- 
late, set forth, treat, iv., xxxviii. 

abstineutia, ae, f. {abstinens, ab- 
stinent). Abstinence, moderation, 
self-restraint ; disinterestedness. 

ab-sum, esse, fui, v. intr. To be 
absent or away from ; to be distant 
from; to be beyond the reach of; 
to be wanting, fail, stand aloof ; to 
keep away; a periculis abesse, to 
keep out of danger, vi. 

ab-surdus, a, um, adj. (surdus, 
deaf). Absurd; rude, inglorious, 
contemptible, unworthy of praise. 

abunde, adv. (abundus, abun- 
dant). Copiously, abundantly, in 
profusion, in abundance, amply, suf- 
ficiently, enough. 

ab-utor, i, usus sum, v. dep. To 
abuse, misuse. 

ac, conj. See atque. 

accedo, ere, cessi, ccssum, v. 
intr. {ad, cedo). To go near to, ap- 
proach; to be applied, be added, 
fall upon. 

accendo, ere, di, sum, v. tr. To 
set on fire, kindle ; to inflame, rouse, 
excite ; to inspirit, animate. 

accido, ere, cidi, v. intr. (cado). 



94 



ACCIPIO — ADSUM 



To fall, fall upon ; to befall, occur, 
happen. 

accipio, ere, cepi, ceptum, v. tr. 
(capio). To receive, accept ; to get, 
experience ; to learn, hear. 

accuse, are, avi, atum, v. tr. (ad, 
causa). To accuse, blame, reproach, 
censure, find fault with. 

acerbus, a, um, adj. Harsh, vio- 
lent, rigorous, severe, hard. 

acies, ei, f . An edge ; a line of 
battle; prima acies, the first line, 
front rank. 

actio, onis, f. (ago). An act. 

actor, oris, m. (ago). A doer, 
performer, agent. 

actus, a, um, part, from ago. 

ad, prep, with acc. To, toward, 
in the direction of ; at, near, among, 
before, in the vicinity of; for; ad 
hoc, moreover, besides, in addition, 
xiv. ; ad urbem, near the city, 
xxx. 

ad-do, ere, didi, ditum, v. tr. (do, 
to place). To add, join to ; to ap- 
point, assign ; to confer, impart, 
inspire ; praesidia addere, to add 
guards, to strengthen the guards, l. 

ad-diico, ere, duxi, ducium, v. tr. 
To lead, conduct, or convey to, bring ; 
to induce, lead, influence. 

ad-eo, Ire, ii, ztum, v. tr. To go 
to, approach ; to visit. 

ad-eo, adv. (is). So, so much; 
even, indeed. 

adeptus, a, um, part, from adipis- 
cor ; used passively, vn., G. 231, 2. 

ad-f ero, ferre, aituli, allatum, v. 
tr. To bring ; to produce, cause, oc- 
casion. 

adilicto, are, avi, atum, v. tr. 
freq. (adftigo, to strike down). To 
shatter ; adfiictare scse, to beat one's 



self in anguish, distress one's self, 
grieve, xxxi. . 

ad-fluo, ere,fluxi,fluxum, v. intr. 
(fluo, to flow). To flow to ; to 
abound, be abundant, xxxvi. 

ad-igo, ere, egi, actum, v. tr. (ago). 
To drive or bring to ; ad jusjuran- 
dum, to cause to take an oath, bind 
by an oath, xxn. 

ad-imo, ere, emi, emptum, v. tr. 
(emo, originally, to take). To take; 
to take away, deprive of. 

ad-ipiscor, i, eptus sum, v. dep. 
(apiscor, to seize). To obtain, get, 
acquire, secure, attain, win ; adeptus 
with passive signification, vn. ; G. 
231, 2. 

adituSj us, m. (adeo). Approach, 
access, admittance. 

ad-jungo, ere, junxi, junctum, v. 
tr. To join to, add, unite. 

ad-juvo, are, juvi, jutum, v. tr. 
(jtivo, to help). To help, assist, aid. 

ad-mo neo, ere, ui, ztum, v. tr. To 
admonish ; to remind, suggest. 

ad-nitor, i, nlsus or nixus sum, v. 
dep. To lean against ; to exert 
one's self, strive; adnitente Crasso, 
through the influence of Crassus, xix. 

adolesco, ere, olevi, ultum, v. intr. 
incep. (adoleo, to increase). To grow 
up, come to maturity ; to grow, in- 
crease, LI. 

ad-scisco, ere, scivi, scitum, v. tr. 
(scisco, to seek to know). To re- 
ceive, take, admit, join to. 

ad-sisto, ere, stiti, v. intr. (sisto, 
to stand). To stand by or near ; to 
take one's stand, station or post one's 
self. 

ad-snm, esse, fui, v. intr. To be 
present or at hand ; to take part in ; 
to come, approach ; to attack, lii. 



ADULESCENS— AGGREDIOR 



95 



adulescens, eniis, adj. (adolesco). 
Young. Adulescens, ends, m. and f., 
a youth, young man, young woman. 

adiilescentia, ae, f. {adulescens). 
Youth, the period of youth. 

adulescentulus, i, m. G. 321, 
1. A very young man, youth ; homo 
adxdescentulus, a youth, young man, 

LII. 

adulter, eri, m. An adulterer. 

adult us, a, wm, part, and adj. 
(adolesco). Grown up, adult. 

ad-venio, ire, veni, ventum, v. 
intr. To come to, arrive, come, 

advento, are, ctvi, alum, v. intr. 
freq. (advenio). To come to, ccme, 
approach. 

adversus, a, um, adj. (adverto, to 
turn to). Turned to, opposite ; ad- 
versum vulnus, a wound in front, 
lxi. ; unfavorable, unpropitious, dis- 
advantageous, prejudicial; hostile, 
unfriendly ; res adversae, unfavor- 
able circumstances, adverse fortune, 
calamities, misfortunes, adversity. 
Adversi, pi., opponents. 

ad-voco, are, ctvi, alum, v. tr. 
To call, summon. 

aedes, is, f. A temple ; pi., a 
house, dwelling. 

aedif ico, are, avi, atum, v. tr. 
(aedes, facio). To build, construct, 
make. 

aedllis, is, m. (aedes). An aedile, 
a magistrate who had the superin- 
tendence of public buildings. 

aeger, gra, grum, adj. Unwell, 
weak, feeble, indisposed, disabled. 

aemula, ae, f. (acmulus, emu- 
lous). A rival, x. 

Aeneas, ae, m. Aeneas, a legen- 
dary Trojan prince, ancestor of the 
Romans, vi. 



aequabiliter, adv. (aequabilis, 
equal). Uniformly, equably. 

aequalis, c, adj. (aequo, to make 
equal). Equal. 

aequaliter, adv. (aequalis). 
Equally, uniformly ; proportionally. 

aeque, adv. (acquus). Equally, 
alike. 

aequitas, Citis, f. (acquus). Uni- 
formity; justice, equity, kindness; 
moderation. 

aequum, i, n. (acquus). That 
which is proper, fair, reasonable, 
right ; gravius aequo habere, to ex- 
aggerate, LI. 

aequus, a, um, adj. Even, level ; 
favorable, suitable ; equal, like ; ae- 
qua manu discedere, to come off on 
equal terms, xxxix. ; calm, com- 
posed; aequus animus, composure, 
calmness. 

aerarium, ii, n. (acrarius, per- 
taining to money). The treasury. 

aerumna, ae, f. Trouble, suf- 
fering, distress, toil. 

aes, aeris, n. Brass, copper; 
money ; alienum aes, debt. 

aestimo, are, avi, atum, v. tr. To 
estimate, value, reckon, esteem; to 
regard, consider, think, judge. 

aestuo, are, avi, atum, v. intr. 
(aestus, heat). To glow; to be in- 
flamed, excited, agitated, furious. 

aetas, atis, f. Period or time 
of life, age ; life ; old age. 

aeternus, a, um, adj. (aevum, 
age). Everlasting, eternal, perpetual. 

ager, gri, m. Land, territory, 
field, country, district ; agri, pi., the 
country. 

aggredior, i, gressus sum, v. dep. 
(ad, gradior, to step). To approach ; 
to attack, assail, assault. 



96 



AGITO — AMBITUS 



agito, are, avi, atum, v. tr. and 
intr. f req. {ago). To put in motion ; 
to attempt, undertake; to disturb, 
rouse, excite, agitate ; to have, hold, 
keep, administer, exercise ; to mani- 
fest, display; to experience, pass, 
spend, live; to consider, meditate, 
reflect, deliberate upon ; multa agi- 
tatre, to reflect much, liii. ; to devise, 
plot ; to discuss, debate ; to act. 

ago, ere, egi, actum, v. tr. and 
intr. To put in motion, drive, pur- 
sue; to perform, accomplish, man- 
age, transact, do ; to plead, discuss ; 
cum populo, to address the people 
with reference to, discuss before the 
assembly of the people ; to pass, 
spend ; to act ; pass., to be in ques- 
tion, be at stake, lii. 

agrestis, e, adj. (ager). Rustic, 
rude, barbarous. 

aio, v. tr. def. G. 297, II. 1. 
To say, assert, affirm. 

alacer, cris, ere, adj. Aroused, 
eager, spirited. 

algor, oris, m. (algeo, to be cold). 
Cold. 

alias, adv. (alius). Elsewhere, 
at another time, under other circum- 
stances. 

alibi, adv. (alms, ibi). Else- 
where ; alii . . . alibi, some in one 
place . . . others in another, lx. 

alieno, are, avi, atum, v. tr. 
(alienus). To alter ; to cast off, 
neglect, discard. 

alienus, a, um, adj. (alius). Be- 
longing to another, of others, for- 
eign, averse, at variance, inconsist- 
ent, unsuitable ; alienum aes, debt ; 
unfavorable, unfriendly, estranged, 
disaffected, hostile. 

alio, adv. (alius). To another 



place; alius . . . alio, one in one 
way or direction . . . another in 
another, n. 

aliquando, adv. (aliquis). At 
some time, some time or other, at 
length. 

aliquanto, adv. (aliquantus, 
some). A little, somewhat. 

aliquis or aiiqui, qua, quid or 
quod, pron. indef. (alius, quis, some 
one). Some one, any one, some. 

aliquot, adj. indecl. (alius, quot, 
how many). Some, several. 

aliter, adv. (alius). Other- 
wise. 

alius, a, ud, adj. G. 151. Oth- 
er, another, different; alius atque, 
other than, different from, xxxvu. ; 
alius . . . alius, one . . . another, 
one . . . one, another . . . anoth- 
er ; alii . . . alii, some . . . oth- 
ers ; alia aliis licentia est, one degree 
of license is allowed to one party 
and another to another, li. 

allatus, a, um, part, from adfero, 

Allobroges, um, m. pi. (sing. 
Allbbrox, ogis). The Allobroges, a 
people of Gaul. 

alo, ere, alui, aMtum or altum, v. 
tr. To nourish, support, sustain, 
maintain. 

alter, era, erum, adj. G. 151. 
One of two, the other; alter . . . 
alter, the one . . . the other. 

altus, a, um, part, and adj. (alo). 
Grown; high, lofty. 

amb, insep. prep. G. 308. 
Around, about. 

ambitio, dnis, f. (ambio, to go 
round). A going round; canvass- 
ing for votes ; ambition, vanity, nt 

ambitus, us, m, (ambio, to go 
round). A going round ; canvass- 



AMICITIA— APPELLO 



97 



ing for votes ; bribery ; lex ambitus, 
a law prohibiting bribery, xviii. 

amicitia, ae, f. (amicus, friend- 
ly). Friendship, alliance. 

amicus, i, m. {amicus, friendly). 
A friend, ally. 

a-mitto, ere, mlsi, missum, v. tr. 
To send away ; to lose. 

a mo, are, avi, atum, v. tr. To 
love. 

amoenus, a, um, adj. Pleasant, 
delightful, charming, agreeable. 

amor, oris, m. (amo). Love, 
affection. 

a-moveo, ere, movi, motum, v. tr. 
To remove. 

ample, amplius, amplissime, adv. 
(amplus). Abundantly, copiously; 
amplius, further, more. 

ample x or, i, plexus sum, v. dep. 
freq. (amplector, to surround). To 
embrace ; to be fond of, value, es- 
teem. 

amplus, a, um, adj. (amb, pleo, 
to fill). Great, abundant, ample, 
full ; magnificent, noble, illustrious, 
renowned, honorable. 

an, conj. Whether, or. G. 353, 
2 and note 4. 

anceps, cijntis, adj. (amb, caput). 
Having two heads ; double, twofold. 

angustiae, arum, f. pi. (angus- 
tus, narrow). Narrow space, nar- 
rowness, narrow limits. 

anima, ae, f. Breath ; life, ex- 
istence ; the soul, spirit. 

animad verto, ere, ti, sum, v. tr. 
and intr. (animus, ad, verlo, to turn). 
To attend to ; to punish, administer 
or inflict punishment. 

animal, alis, n. (anima). A 
living being, animal. 

animus, i, m. The mind, soul, 



intellect ; inclination, disposition, 
feeling ; character ; confidence, cour- 
age, spirit ; aequus animus, com- 
posure, calmness; in animum in- 
ducere, to resolve, determine; con- 
scius animus, a guilty conscience, 
xiv. ; animi mobilitas, excitable 
feelings; virtus animi, courageous 
spirit, liii. 

Annius, ii, m. Q. Annius Chilo, 
a senator, one of Catiline's accom- 
plices, XVII., L. 

annus, us, m. A year. 

annuus, a, um, adj. (annus). Last- 
ing a year, of a year's duration, an- 
nual, yearly. 

ante, adv. Before, previously, 
ago. 

ante, prep, with acc. Before ; 
ante diem, see note on p. 16, line 9 ; 
ante esse, to surpass, excel. 

antea, adv. (ante, is). Formerly, 
before, previously. 

ante-capio, ere, cepi, captum, v. 
tr. To take beforehand, preoccupy ; 
to anticipate ; sitim, famem, not to 
await, to excite prematurely. 

ante-hac, adv. (hac, here). Be- 
fore, formerly, previously, before 
this. 

Antdnius, ii, m. C. Antonius, 
Cicero's colleague in the consulship, 
xxi., etc. 

anxius, a, um, adj. (ango, to 
press). Anxious, troubled, solicitous. 

aperio, ire, perui, pertum, v. tr. 
To open ; to disclose, reveal, unfold, 
portray. 

appello, are, avi, atum, v. tr. 
(ad, pello). To address, accost; to 
apply to, call upon, tamper with ; to 
appeal to; to accuse, impeach, in- 
dict ; to name, call. 



98 



APPETENS — ATTENDO 



appetens, entis, part, and adj. 
(appeto). Desirous, eager for, greedy, 
covetous. 

appeto, ere, ivi or ii, itum, v. tr. 
(ad, peto). To attack ; to seek, strive 
to obtain, strive after, covet. 

approbo, are, avi, alum, v. tr. 
(ad, probo). To approve, commend. 

apud, prep, with acc. At ; with, 
among, in ; in the power or posses- 
sion of. 

Apulia, ae, f. Apulia, a coun- 
try in Southern Italy. 

aquila, ae, f. The eagle, the 
standard of the Roman legion. 

ara, ae, f. An altar. 

arbiter, tri, m. A spectator, 
beholder, hearer, witness. 

arcesso, ere, cesslvi, cessitum, v. 
tr. To call, send for, summon, in- 
vite. 

ardens, ends, adj. (ardeo, to burn). 
Fiery ; ardent, eager. 

arduus, a, urn, adj. Steep ; dif- 
ficult, arduous, hard. 

argentum, i, n. Silver. 

arma, drum, n. pi. Arms; ar- 
mis, by force, xi. 

armatas, a, urn, part, and adj. 
(armo). Armed, equipped. Arma- 
tus, i, m., an armed man, soldier, 

LIX. 

armo, are, avi, atum, v. tr. To 
arm, equip. 

aro, are, avi, atum, v. tr. and intr. 
To plough, till, cultivate. 

Arretlnus, a, urn, adj. (Arre- 
tium). Arretinian, pertaining to 
Arretium, a town of Etruria, now 
Arezzo. 

arrigo, ere, rexi, rectum, v. tr. 
(ad, rego, to rule). To erect ; to 
rouse, encourage, animate, excite. 



ars, artis, f. Skill, art, faculty, 
manner, way, means, practice, meth- 
od, quality, trait of character. 

arte, adv. Closely, compactly, 
in close order, lix. 

ascendo, ere, di, sum, v. intr. 
and tr. (ad, scando, to climb). To 
ascend, mount, go up ; to scale, 
climb. 

Asia, ae, f. Asia. 

asper, era, erum, adj. Rough, 
rugged, craggy; hard, difficult, per- 
ilous ; bad, evil, hapless, untoward, 
deplorable, unsuccessful. 

a-spernor, ari, aim sum, v. dep. 
(spernor, to despise). To disdain, 
reject, despise, spurn. 

assentior, tri, sensus sum, v. dep. 
(ad, sentio, to think). To assent, 
give assent, approve. 

asseqnor, i, secutus mm, v. dep. 
(ad, sequor). To follow ; to over- 
take, secure, attain ; to accomplish. 

assido, ere, sedi, v. intr. (ad, 
sldo, to sit). To take one's seat, sit 
down, resume one's seat. 

astutia, ae, f. (astutus, wary). 
Skill, adroitness, shrewdness, cun- 
ning, craft. 

at, conj. But, yet, still. 

Athenienses, ium, m. pi. (Atlie- 
nae, Athens). The Athenians. 

at que or ac, conj. G. 554, I. 3. 
(ad, que). And ; in comparisons : 
than, as ; atque non, not indeed, li. ; 
contra ac, contrary to, lx. 

atr deltas, atis, f . (fttrox). Atro- 
city, atrociousness, enormity. 

atrox, dcis, adj. Horrid; ter- 
rible, horrible, atrocious ; alarming, 
dangerous ; atrox negotium, a case 
of great peril, xxix. 

attendo, ere, tendi, tentum, v. tr. 



ATTENTE 

(ad, tendo, to stretch). To bend ; to 
attend to, observe, consider. 

attente, adv. (attentus, attentive). 
Attentively, carefully, diligently. 

attero, ere, trivi, trltum, v. tr. 
{ad, tero, to rub). To rub against, 
wear away ; to destroy, weaken, im- 
pair, diminish. 

attiili. See adfero. 

auctor, oris, m. (augeo). A pro- 
ducer, originator ; a reporter, infor- 
mant, XXIII. 

auctoritas, alis, f. {auctor), A 
producing; authority, power, influ- 
ence, standing, reputation. 

auctus, a, wm, part, from au- 
geo. 

audacia, ae, f. {audax). Bold- 
ness, daring, audacity. 

audacter, audacius, audacissime, 
adv. (audax). Boldly, courageously. 

audax, acts, adj. {audeo). Dar- 
ing, bold, audacious. 

audeo, ere, ausus sum, v. scmi- 
dep. To venture, dare. 

audio, ire, Ivi or ii, Hum, v. tr. 
To hear ; to hear of. 

augeo, ere, auxi, auctum. v. tr. To 
produce ; to increase, enlarge, aug- 
ment ; to enrich, advance. 

Aulus, i, m. Aulus, a Roman 
praenomen. 

Aurelia, ae, f. Aurelia Orestil- 
la, wife of Catiline, xv. 

auris, is, f. The ear. 

ausus, a, um, part, from audeo. 

aut, conj. Or ; aut . . . aut, 
either ... or. 

autem, conj. But ; moreover. 

Autronius, ii, m. P. Autronius, 
a senator, one of Catiline's accom- 
plices, XVII., XVIII., XLVIL, XLVIII. 

auxi. See augeo. 



— BREVIS 99 

auxilium, ii, n. {augeo). Help, 
aid, assistance, support. 

avaritia, ae, f. (avarus, avari- 
cious). Avarice, covetousness. 

a-verto, ere, ti, sum, v. tr. (verto, 
to turn). To turn away or aside. 

avidus, a, um, adj. (aveo, to long 
for). Greedy, eager, desirous. 

B. 

barbarus, i, m. A foreigner, 
barbarian, neither a Greek nor a 
Roman, xix. 

bellicosus, a, um, adj. (belUcus, 
warlike). Warlike. 

be Hum, i, n. {duellum, from duo). 
War; belli patiens, able to endure 
the hardships of war, vn. 

belua, ae, f. A beast, animal, 
bene, melius, optime, adv. (bonus). 
Well, rightly; bene facere, to do 
good to, benefit; bene facta, good 
deeds ; bene polliceri, to make good 
or fair promises, xli. 

benef iciuin, ii, n. (benef icus, 
beneficent). Kindness, favor, good 
deed, benefit, service. 

Bestia, ae, m. L. Calpurnius 
Bestia, a senator, one of Catiline's 
accomplices, xvn., xliii. 

bini, ae, a, num. adj. distrib. (bis, 
twice). Two by two, two each, two. 

bonum, i, n. (bonus). That which 
is good, the good, the right, recti- 
tude, ix. ; a good thing, benefit, ad- 
vantage. Bona, pi., property, goods ; 
bona patria, patrimony. 

bonus, a, um, melior, optimus, 
adj. Good, excellent ; pleasant, 
agreeable. Boni, the nobles, xix., 
xxxiii. 

brevis, e, adj. Short, brief, of 



100 



BRUTTIUS — CAPUA 



short duration. Brcvi, n. used sub- 
stantively, abl., G. 429, 1, foot-note, 
in a short time, shortly, VII., xliv. 

Bruttius, a, um, adj. (Bruttii). 
Of the Bruttii, Bruttian ; ager Brut- 
tius, the country of the Bruttii, now 
Calabria, in Southern Italy, xlii. 

Brutus, i, m. D. Brutus, hus- 
band of Sempronia, consul 77 B. 
C, XL. 

o. 

C. Abbr. for Gaius. 

cadaver, eris, n. (cado). A dead 
body, corpse. 

cado, ere, cecidi, casum, v. intr. 
To fall ; to perish, die ; to fall out, 
happen, occur, xx. 

caedes, is, f. (caedo, to cut). A 
cutting down, slaughter, murder, 
massacre. 

caelatus, a, um, adj. (caelo, to 
engrave). Engraved, carved, em- 
bossed. 

caelum, i, n. The sky, heaven. 

Caeparius, ii, m. Q. Caepari- 
us, a Terracinian, one of Catiline's 
accomplices, xlvi., xlvii., lii,, lv. • 

Caesar, arts, m. 1. L. Julius 
Caesar, consul 64 B. C, xvn. — 2. C. 
Julius Caesar, the distinguished gen- 
eral, orator, statesman, and author, 
slain by Brutus and Cassius, 44 B. 
C, xlvii., etc. 

calamitas, atis, f. Loss, mis- 
fortune, damage, disaster, fall, ruin, 
calamity; a dangerous or critical 
position. 

calamitdsus, a, wm,adj. {calami- 
tas). Ruinous, disastrous, destruc- 
tive, calamitous. 

calo, dnis, m. (cala, a billet of 



wood). A wood carrier ; a soldier's 
servant, camp-follower. 

calumuia, ae, f. Artifice, in- 
trigue, machination. 

camera, ae, f . (a Greek word). A 
vault, arched or vaulted roof, ceiling. 

Camers, ertis, m. and f. ( Cameri- 
num). A Camertian, a citizen of 
Camerinum, a town in Umbria in 
Central Italy. 

campus, i, m. A plain; the 
Campus Martius, xxvi. 

canis, is, m. and f. A dog. 

cano, ere, cecini, cantum, v. intr. 
and tr. To sound; signa canunt, 
the signals sound, or are sounded, 
the signal is given, lix. 

capesso, ere, pessivi, pessitum, v. 
tr. freq. (capio). To seize ; to take 
hold of, undertake; capessere rem 
publicam, to exert one's self for the 
common weal, secure the public safe- 
ty, LH. 

capio, ere, cepi, captum, v. tr. 
To take, lay hold of, seize ; to cap- 
ture, acquire, take possession of, 
gain, receive ; to captivate, ensnare, 
mislead, seduce, delude, deceive ; to 
take upon one's self, undertake ; to 
obtain, experience ; consilium capere, 
to form or adopt the design. 

capitalis, e, adj. (caput). Re- 
lating to life, capital. 

Capito, dnis, m. P. Gabinius 
Capito, a knight, one of Catiline's 
accomplices, xvn. 

Capitolium, ii, n. (caput). The 
Capitol, the Temple of Jupiter at 
Rome on the Capitoline Hill. 

capto, are, avi, atum, v. tr. freq. 
(capio). To strive to seize, strive 
after, seek to obtain, grasp at. 

Capua, ae, f. Capua, the chief 



CAPUT— CERTUS 



101 



city of Campania in Southern Italy, 

XXX. 

caput, itis, n. The head; supra 
caput, close at hand, at the very 
gates. 

career, eris, n. A prison ; the 
state-prison at Rome. 

careo, ere, ui, itum, v. intr. To 
be without, want, be in want of, 
lack; to be deprived of, be freed 
from ; to forego. 

carptim, adv. (carpo, to pick). 
In parts, separately ; by selection. 

earns, a, m, adj. Dear, highly 
prized, precious. 

Cassius, ii, m. L. Cassius Lon- 
ginus, a senator, one of Catiline's 
accomplices, xvn., xliv., l. 

casus, us, m. (cado). A falling ; 
accident, chance; occasion, oppor- 
tunity; situation, condition, circum- 
stances ; misfortune, calamity. 

caterva, ae, f. A crowd, troop, 
band. 

Catillna, ae, m. L. Sergius 
Catiline. See Introduction, page 43. 

Cato, onis, m. M. Porcius Cato, 
a distinguished senator, lii.-lv. 

Catulus, i, m. Q. Lutatius Catu- 
lus, consul 78 B. C, xxxiv., xxxv., 

XLIX. 

causa, ae, f. Cause, reason, mo- 
tive, ground, occasion; causa, for 
the sake of, on account of, for the 
purpose of ; a pretext, pretence ; a 
cause, interest, case. 

caveo, ere, cavi, cautum, v. tr. 
and intr. To be on one's guard ; to 
take care, beware, guard against, 
defend one's self, lii. 

cecidi. See cado. 

cedo, ere, cessi, cessum, v. intr. 
To go, go away, retire ; to give way, 



fail, cower; loco, to yield, give up 
one's post, ix. ; to succeed, prosper, 
happen, result, turn out ; prospere 
omnia cedunt, all success is obtained, 

LII. 

celebro, are, avi, atum,, v. tr. 
(celeber, celebrated). To honor, 
praise, celebrate, extol. 

Celer, eris, m. Q. Metellus Celer, 
praetor 63 B. C, xxx., xlii., lvii. 

celeritas, atis, f. (celer, swift). 
Quickness, speed, celerity, rapidity, 
rapid action. 

cense o, ere, censui, censum, v. tr. 
To reckon; to be of opinion, sup- 
pose ; to be in favor of, vote for ; 
to decree, resolve, ordain, determine. 

censor, oris, m. (censeo). A cen- 
sor, one of the two Roman magis- 
trates who had charge of enrolling 
the people according to rank and 
property. 

centum, num. adj. indecl. A 
hundred. 

centurio, onis, m. (ceniuria, a 
division of troops). A centurion, a 
commander of the division of troops 
called the century. 

cepi. See capio. 

cerno, ere, crevi, creium, v. tr. To 
separate ; to perceive, see, discern. 

certamen, inis, n. (certo). A 
contest, strife, struggle, dispute ; 
rivalry. 

certo, adv. (certus). Certainly, 
for certain. 

certo, are, avi, atum, v. intr. To 
fight, struggle, contend; to strive, 
vie. 

certus, a, um, adj. (cemo). De- 
termined ; certain, sure ; pro certo, 
for a certainty, as certain, posi- 
tively. 



102 



CESSI— COARGUO 



cessi. See cedo. 

ceterum, conj. (ceterus). For 
the rest, otherwise ; but, yet, still. 

ceterus, a, wm, adj. G. 159, II. 
The other, the rest, the remainder ; 
cetera res, the rest, xx. ; cetera vita, 
previous life, lii. 

Cethegus, i, m. C. Cornelius 
Cethegus, a senator, one of Cati- 
line's accomplices, xt., etc. 

Cicero, dnis, m. M. Tullius 
Cicero, the famous orator, consul 63 
B. C, xxiii. , etc. 

Cimbricus, a,um, adj. (Cimbri). 
Cimbrian, pertaining to the Cimbri, 
a people of Northern Germany ; hel- 
ium Cimbricum, the war with the 
Cimbri, ended by the victory of Ma- 
rius, 101 B. C. 

Cinna, ae, m. L. Cornelius Cin- 
na, consul with Marius 86 B. C, 

XL VII. 

circlter, adv. (circus, a circle). 
About. 

circiter, prep, with acc. (circus, 
a circle). About, not far from. 

circum, adv. (circus, a circle). 
Around, about, near, surrounding. 

circum, prep, with acc. (circus, 
a circle). Around, about, near. 

circum-eo, Ire, ii, itum, v. intr. 
To go around ; equo circumire, to 
ride around, lix. 

ciixum-fero, ferre, tuli, latum, 
v. tr. To carry around. 

circum- venio, Ire, veni, ventum, 
v. intr. To encompass, surround ; 
to beset, assail, ensnare, oppress, 
distress ; to circumvent, betray, ac- 
cuse falsely, condemn unjustly, li. 

citerior, ius, adj. comp. G. 166. 
On this side, nearer, hither ; citerior 
Hispania, the portion of Spain north 



of the river Ebro, Hither or North- 
ern Spain, xix. ; citerior Gallia, the 
province of Cisalpine or Hither Gaul, 
Northern Italy, xlii. 

cito, citius, citissime, adv. (citus). 
Quickly. 

citus, a, um, adj. (cieo, to move). 
Quick, swift, rapid. 

civilis, e, adj. (civis). Pertain- 
ing to citizens, of citizens, civil. 

civis, is, m. and f . A citizen ; a 
fellow-countryman. 

clvitas, atis, f. (civis). Citizen- 
ship ; a body of citizens, state. 

eludes, is, f. Injury, mischief, 
disaster, calamity ; slaughter, de- 
struction. 

clamor, oris, m. (clamo, to shout). 
A cry, shout. 

clarus, a, um, adj. Clear, dis- 
tinct; manifest, plain, evident; re- 
nowned, illustrious, glorious, famous, 
distinguished. 

claudo, ere, si, sum, v. tr. To 
shut ; to shut in, enclose, encom- 
pass, surround. 

clausus, a, um, part, and adj. 
(claudo). Shut up, enclosed, con- 
cealed. 

cliens, entis, m. and f. A de- 
pendant, client; an adherent, re- 
tainer. 

Cn. Abbr. for Gnaeus. 

coaequo, are, avi, atum, v. tr. 
(cum, aequo, to make level). To 
make level, level. 

coalesco, ere, alui, atttum, v. 
intr. (cum, alesco, to increase). To 
grow together; to become united, 
unite, coalesce, blend. 

coarguo, ere, ui, v. tr. (cum,, 
arguo, to assert). To prove; to 
convict, prove guilty. 



COEPI — COMMUNIS 



103 



coepi, cocpisse, v. tr. def. G. 
297, I. To begin, commence. 

coerceo, ere, ercui, ercitum, v. 
tr. (cum, arceo, to enclose). To 
surround ; to confine, restrain, con- 
trol. 

cogito, arc, avi, atum, v. tr. 
(cum, agxto). To weigh, consider, 
ponder, reflect upon, meditate. 

cognatus, i, m. (cum, gnascor, 
to be born). A kinsman, relative, 
relation. 

cognosco, ere, novi, nitum, v. tr. 
(cum, gnosco, to know). To ex- 
amine, investigate, consider ; to per- 
ceive, see, understand, comprehend, 
learn, observe, ascertain, discover, 
find ; to know ; to recognize, ac- 
knowledge. 

cohors, Jwrtis, f. A cohort, the 
tenth part of a legion; praetoria 
cohors, the commander's body-guard. 

cohortor, ari, atus sum, v. dep. 
(cum, hortor). To exhort, encour- 
age, animate, admonish. 

collega, ae, m. (cum, lego). A 
partner in office, colleague. 

collibet, ere, Ubuit or WMum 
est, v. impers. (cum, tibet). It 
pleases, is agreeable. 

colloco, are, avi, ahem, v. tr. 
(cum, loco, to place). To place, 
station. 

Colo, ere, colui, cultum, v. tr. 
To inhabit ; to cultivate, till ; to 
cherish, practise. 

colonia, ae, f. (colonus, a colo- 
nist). A colony. 

color or colos, oris, m. Color; 
complexion, hue. 

comitatus, us, m. (comes, a com- 
panion). Retinue, train, suite, com- 
pany. 



comitium, ii, n. (cum, eo). The 
comitium, a part of the Roman 
Forum. Comitia, pi., an assembly 
in the comitium ; an election. 

commeatus, us, m. (commco, to 
come and go). A passage; provi- 
sions, supplies. 

commemoro, are, avi, atum, v. 
tr. (cum, memoro). To remember ; 
to bring to mind, call to mind, re- 
mind, recall; to mention, recount, 
relate. 

commendatio, onis, f. (com- 
mendo). An act of commending to 
one's care, commendation. 

co mm en do, are, avi, atum, v. 
tr. (cum, mando). To commit to, 
commend. 

comminus, adv. (cum, manus). 
In close contest, hand to hand. 

committo, ere, misi, missum, v. 
tr. (cum, mitto). To combine ; proe- 
lium committere, to engage in battle, 
commence battle ; to practise, per- 
petrate, commit. 

commodo, are, avi, atum, v. tr. 
(commodus, convenient). To give, 
bestow ; to furnish, supply, procure. 

commodum, i, n. (commodus, 
convenient). Convenience; advan- 
tage, profit, gain. 

commoror, ari, atus sum, v. 
dep. (cum, moror, to tarry). To 
stop, linger, stay, sojourn, tarry, 
delay. 

commoveo, ere, movi, motum, 
v. tr. (cum, movco). To agitate, 
affect, excite, rouse ; to move. 

communico, are, avi, atum, v. 
tr. (communis). To communicate, 
impart, share with, make common. 

communis, e, adj. (cum, mwius). 
Common. 



104 



COMPARO— CONFLO 



comparo, are, dvi, atum, v. tr. 
(cum, paro). To provide, furnish, 
make ready, prepare, collect. 

comperio, Ire, peri, pertum, v. 
tr. To ascertain, learn ; to know. 

compleo, ere, evi, etum, v. tr. 
(cum, pleo, to fill). To fill, fill up. 

complexus, us, m. (complector, 
to embrace). An embrace. 

complures, a and ia, adj. pi. 
(cum, plures). Several, many, very 
many. 

composite, adv. (composttus, ar- 
ranged). In a skilful manner, in 
studied terms, li. 

comprobo, are, dvi, atum, v. tr. 
(cum,probo). To approve ; to prove, 
establish, attest, confirm. 

concedo, ere, cessi, cessum, v. 
intr. (cum, cedo). To depart; con- 
cedere in with ace, to come under, 
pass over to, pass under, xx. 

concido, ere, cidi, v. intr. (cum, 
cado). To fall to the ground, fall. 

concito, are, dvi, atum, v. tr. f req. 
(concieo, to rouse). To stir up, excite, 
incite, arouse, instigate, provoke. 

conclamo, are, dvi, atum, v. tr. 
(cum, cldmo, to shout). To call or 
cry out, shout, exclaim. 

concordia, ae, f. (concors, agree- 
ing). Unanimity, agreement, har- 
mony, concord. 

Concordia, ae, f . The Goddess 
of Concord, Concordia. 

concupisco, ere, Ivi or ii, Itum, 
v. tr. incep. (concupio, to desire). To 
long for, desire, covet. 

concurro, ere, curri, cursum, v. 
intr. (cum, curro, to run). To rush 
or flock together, hasten to ; to en- 
gage in combat, begin battle, fight, 

LX. 



conciitio, ere, cussi, cussum, v. 
tr. (cum, quatio, to shake). To shake, 
agitate; to render anxious, terrify, 
alarm, trouble. 

condemno, are, dvi, atum, v. tr. 
(cum, damno). To condemn, sen- 
tence ; to convict ; to accuse, charge. 

condicio, dnis, f. (condo). Sit- 
uation, condition, terms, nature, 
state, character. 

condo, ere, dXdi, ditum, v. tr. 
(cum, do, to place). To produce ; 
to found, establish ; post conditam 
urbem, since the founding of the 
city, xviii. 

condono, are, dvi, atum, v. tr. 
(cum, dono, to present). To present ; 
to pardon, forgive. 

conduce, ere, duxi, ductum, v. 
tr. (cum, duco). To lead together ; 
to hire. 

confertus, a, um, adj. (confercio, 
to crowd). Close, crowded, thick. 

conf icio, ere, feci, fectum, v. tr. 
(cum, facio). To accomplish, finish. 

confido, ere, flsus sum, v. semi- 
dep. (cum, fldo, to trust). To trust, 
rely upon, believe, hope. 

confirmo, are, dvi, atum, v. tr. 
(cum, firmo, to strengthen). To 
establish, strengthen, confirm, ce- 
ment ; confirmato animo, taking 
heart, taking courage, xlvi. 

conf iteor, eri,fessus sum, v. dep. 
(cum, fateor). To acknowledge, con- 
fess, own, avow, concede, admit. 

confllgo, ere, Jlixi, fiictum, v. 
intr. (cum, fiigo, to strike). To fight, 
engage in combat, contend. 

conflo, are, dvi, atum, v. tr. (cum, 
fio, to blow). To kindle, inflame, 
produce, excite ; alienum aes, to in- 
cur a debt, xiv., xxiv. 



CONFLUO— CONSUETUDO 



105 



confluo, ere, fluxi, v. intr. (cum, 
fluo, to flow). To flow together ; to 
flock together, come together. 

confodio, ere, fodi,fossum, v. 
tr. (mm, fodio, to dig). To dig ; to 
pierce ; to kill, slay. 

conjicio, tire, jeci, jectum, v. tr. 
(cum, jdcio, to throw). To throw, 
cast. 

conjurati, drum, m. pi. (con- 
juro). Conspirators. 

conjuratio, dnis, f. (conjuro). 
A conspiracy ; conspirators, xliii. 

conjuro, are, dvi, atum, v. intr. 
(cum, juro, to swear). To swear to- 
gether ; to conspire. 

conscientia, ae, f. (conscio, to 
be conscious). A knowledge, con- 
sciousness, feeling, sense ; a sense 
of guilt ; conscience. 

conscius, a, um, adj. (cum, scio, 
to know). Conscious, privy to, aware, 
participant in, accomplice, cognizant, 
witness of ; sibi conscius, conscious 
to one's self, self-conscious, con- 
scious, xxxiv.; conscius animus, a 
mind conscious of guilt, guilty con- 
science, XIV. 

conscrlbo, ere, psi, ptum, v. tr. 
(cum, scribo). To enlist, levy, enroll. 

conscriptus, a, um, part, and 
adj. (conscrlbo). Enrolled, conscript ; 
palres conscripti, conscript fathers, 
the customary appellation of the sen- 
ators. 

consenesco, ere, senui, v. intr. 
(cum, senesco, to grow old). To 
grow old ; to become weak or en- 
feebled, lose strength, decay, perish. 

conservo, are, dvi, atum, v. tr. 
(cum, servo, to save). To preserve, 
keep safe or unharmed, retain, main- 
tain. 



considero, are, dvi, atum, v. tr. 
To consider, inspect, examine, ob- 
serve. 

consldo, ere, sedi, sessum, v. intr. 
(cum, sldo, to sit). To sit down ; to 
encamp, lvii. 

consilium, ii, n. Deliberation, 
consultation ; counsel, advice ; plan, 
measure, purpose, design, intention, 
determination ; privatum consilium, 
one's own personal measures, xxix. ; 
consilium communicare, to make 
common cause, xvm. ; wisdom, un- 
derstanding, judgment, penetration, 
prudence, ability ; a council, assem- 
blage, meeting. 

conspicio, ere, spexi, spectum, v. 
tr. (cum, specio, to look). To view, 
observe, see, perceive, behold, de- 
scry. 

constanter, adv. (constans, firm). 
Firmly, steadily, uniformly. 

constantia, ae, f. (constans, 
firm). Firmness, constancy, perse- 
verance, resolution. 

consterno, ere, strdvi, stratum, 
v. tr. (cum, sterno, to spread). To 
spread over ; to build over, build out 
over, xiii. 

constituo, ere, stitui, stitutum, v. 
tr. (cum, staluo). To place ; to sta- 
tion, draw up ; to arrange, regulate ; 
to appoint, determine, fix, agree 
upon ; to resolve. 

consto, are, stiti, statum, v. intr. 
(cum, sto, to stand). To stand still, 
remain firm. Constat, impers., it is 
evident, manifest. 

consuesco, ere, suevi, suetum, v. 
intr. incep. G. 297, I. 2. . (co7isueo, 
to be accustomed). To be usual, 
customary, wont. 

consuetude, mis, f. (consuesco). 



106 



CONSUL — CONVIVIUM 



Custom, habit, use, usage ; intimacy, 
intercourse. 

consul, ulis, m. A consul, one 
of the two presiding magistrates of 
the Roman commonwealth. 

consiilaris, e, adj. (consul). Of 
or pertaining to a consul, consular. 
Consular is, is, m., one of consular 
rank, an ex-consul. 

consulatus, us, m. (consul). Con- 
sulship, consulate. 

consulo, ere, sului, sultum, v. tr. 
and intr. To consult ; to take coun- 
sel, deliberate, consider; to adopt 
measures ; to consult for, take care 
for, have regard for. 

consulto, are, avi, atum, v. tr. 
and intr. freq. (consulo). To con- 
sider, deliberate, consult. 

consultum, i, n. (consulo). A 
decree, decision. 

consumo, ere, sumpsi, sumptum, 
v. tr. (cum., sumo). To consume, de- 
vour, waste, destroy. 

contagio, dnis, f. (contingo, to 
touch). A contact; contagion, in- 
fection. 

contemno, ere, tempsi, temp- 
turn, v. tr. (cum, temno, to slight). 
To esteem lightly, hold in contempt, 
despise, disdain, scorn. 

contendo, ere, tendi, tentum, v. 
tr. and intr. (cum, tendo, to stretch). 
To stretch ; to strive, contend ; to 
direct one's course, proceed, set out, 
go. 

contentio, diiis, f. (contendo). 
Exertion, contention, contest, strug- 
gle, dispute, controversy, strife. 

contero, ere, trivi, tritum, v. tr. 
(cum, tero, to rub). To grind ; to 
consume, spend, pass. 

continentia, ae, i. (continens, 



continent). Temperance, self-con- 
trol, moderation. 

continuo, are, avi, atum, v. tr. 
(continuus, continuous). To join to- 
gether, connect, unite; domos, to 
build together or in connection with 
one another, xx. 

contio, dnis, f. (convenio). An 
assembly, of the people or of an 
army, meeting. 

contra, adv. Over against ; on 
the contrary, on the other hand; 
contra ac, otherwise than, contrary 
to, LX. 

contra, prep, with acc. Against, 
in opposition to, contrary to, in hos- 
tility to. 

contumelia, ae, f. Abuse, in- 
sult, affront, reproach, disgrace. 

conturbo, are, avi, atum, v. tr. 
(aim, turbo, to disturb). To throw 
into disorder, confuse, disturb, dis- 
quiet. 

convenio, Ire, veni, vcntum, v. 
intr. and tr. (cum, venio). To come 
together, assemble, collect, unite ; to 
meet, have an interview with. Con- 
venit, impers., it is fit, suitable, prop- 
er, consistent. 

conventus, us, m. (convenio). A 
meeting, assembly, assemblage. 

converto, ere, verti, versum, v. tr. 
(cum, verto, to turn). To turn ; to 
alter, transform, change. 

convictus, i, m. (convinco). A 
person convicted or found guilty of 
crime, xiv. 

convinco, ere, vlci, victum, v. tr. 
(cum, vinco). To convict, prove 
guilty. 

convTviuni, ii, n. (cum, vivo, to 
live). A feast, entertainment, ban- 
quet. 



CONVOCO— CULTUS 



107 



convoco, arc, avi, atum, v. tr. 
(am, voco, to call). To call togeth- 
er, convoke, assemble, collect ; to 
call, summon. 

cooperio, ire, ui, turn, v. tr. 
(cum, operio, to cover). To cover ; 
to overwhelm, bury, sink, xxiii. 

copia, ae, f . (cum, ops). Ability, 
means, opportunity, advantage ; mul- 
titude, number, force, abundance; 
wealth, riches, resources. Copiae, 
military forces, troops. 

Cornelius, ii, m. 1. The name 
of a Roman gens, xlvil, lv. — 2. 
C. Cornelius, a knight, one of Cati- 
line's accomplices, xvil, xxviii. 

Cornif icius, n, m. Q. Cornifici- 
us, a prominent man at Rome, xlvii. 

corpus, oris, n. The body, per- 
son ; a corpse. 

corrigo, ere, rexi, rectum, v. tr. 
(cum, rego, to rule). To set right, 
correct. 

corripio, ere, ripui, reptum, v. 
tr. (cum, rapio, to seize). To seize, 
assume. 

corrumpo, ere, rupi, ruptum, v. 
tr. (cum, rumpo, to break). To de- 
stroy, corrupt, damage; to waste, 
lose. 

corruptus, a, urn, part, and adj. 
(corrumpo). Corrupted, misled, 
seduced ; corrupt, depraved. 

cotidianus, a, um, adj. (cotidie, 
daily). Daily. 

Cotta, ae, m. L. Aurunculeius 
Cotta, consul 65 B. C, xvm. 

Crassus, i, m. M. Licinius Cras- 
sus, who with Caesar and Pompey 
formed the first triumvirate, 60 B. 
C, xvil, xix., etc. 

credibilis, e, adj. (credo). Credi- 
ble. 



creditum, i, n. (credo). Some- 
thing entrusted to one ; a loan, trust. 

credo, ere, didi, ditum, v. intr. 
and tr. To trust, believe, rely upon ; 
to think, imagine, suppose. 

ere sco, ere, crevi, cretum, v. intr. 
To grow, increase, augment ; to 
thrive, prosper. 

Creticus, i, m. (Creta, Crete). 
Creticus, a surname given to Q. 
Caecilius Metellus for his subjuga- 
tion of Crete, 68 B. C, xxx. 

crevi, perf. from cerno ; also 
from cresco. 

crimen, mis, n. A charge, ac- 
cusation, imputation, 

crlminor, art, atus sum, v. dep. 
(crimen). To accuse, calumniate. 

Crispus, i, m. C. Sallustius 
Crispus. See Life of Sallust, p v. 

Crotoniensis, is, m. and f. 
(Croto). A Crotonian, a citizen of 
Croto, a town on the east coast of 
Southern Italy, now Crotone, xliv. 

cruciatus, us, m. (crucio, to 
crucify). Torture, torment, pain, 
suffering, anguish. 

crudelis, e, adj. Unmerciful, 
hard-hearted, cruel, severe. 

criidelitas, atis, f. (crudelis). 
Harshness, severity, cruelty, barbar- 
ity, fierceness ; extortion, rapacity. 

crude liter, adv. (crudelis). In a 
cruel manner, cruelly, unmercifully. 

cruentus, a, um, adj. Bloody, 
blood-stained; attended or marked 
by bloodshed. 

cruor, oris, m. Blood, gore. 

culpa, ae, f. Crime, fault, guilt. 

cultus, us, m. (colo). Cultivation ; 
refinement, luxury; clothing, style 
of dress ; pi., refinements of sensual 
indulgence, xin. 



108 



CUM — DECUS 



cum, prep, with abl. G. 184. 6, 
With, together with ; cum telo, car- 
rying a weapon, armed, xxyii. 

cunctor, dri, dtus sum, v. dep. 
To hesitate, doubt ; to delay. 

cunctus, a, wm, adj. (= con- 
junctus, joined together). All, 
whole. 

cupide, adv. (cupidus). Eagerly, 
willingly, gladly, XL. 

cupiditas, dtis, f. (cupidus). 
Desire, wish ; avarice, covetousness, 
greed. 

cupldo, mis, f. (citpio). Desire, 
longing, eagerness. 

cupio, ere, ivi or it, itum, v. tr. 
To long for, desire, wish. 

cura, ae, f . Solicitude, care, at- 
tention, pains ; curae esse with sec- 
ond dat., to have a care for, use 
one's efforts in behalf of, xxi. ; a 
charge, office ; anxiety, concern, 
trouble. 

curia, ae, f. The senate-house ; 
ex curia, from the senate, xxxn. 

Curius, ii, m. Q. Curius, a sen- 
ator, one of Catiline's accomplices, 
xvii., xxiii., etc. 

euro, are, dvi, atum, v. tr. and 
intr. {cura). To care for, provide 
for ; to administer, govern ; to have 
charge, command, lix. 

custodia, ae, f. (custodio, to 
guard). Guard, care, custody, 
charge ; libera custodia, free or pri- 
vate custody, confinement in one's 
house or in that of some prominent 
citizen, xlvii. 

custos, odis, m. and f. A guard, 
keeper, attendant. 

C^rus, i, m. Cyrus the Great, 
the founder of the Persian em- 
pire, ii. 



D. 

D. Abbr. for Deeimus. 

Damasippus, i, m. L. Junius 
Brutus Damasippus, an adherent of 
Marius, put to death by order of 
Sulla, li. 

damno, are, dvi, atum, v. tr. 
(damnum). To harm ; to condemn, 
sentence. 

damnum, i, n. Harm, injury, 
loss. 

datus, a, um, part, from do. 

de, prep, with abl. From; of, 
about, concerning, in regard to, in 
respect to ; for, on account of ; sup- 
plicium sumere de, to inflict punish- 
ment upon, lix. 

debeo, ere, ui, itum, v. tr. (de, 
habeo). To owe. 

December, bris, adj. (decern, ten). 
Of December. 

de-cerno, ere, crevi, cretum, v.tr. 
To decide, determine, resolve, pro- 
nounce ; to decree, vote, appoint. 

decet, ere, decuit, v. impers. It 
is becoming, fitting, suitable. 

Deeimus, i, m. Deeimus, a Ro- 
man praenomen. 

de-claro, are, dvi, atum, v. tr. 
(claro, to make clear). To make 
clear ; to declare, announce. 

decoro, are, dvi, atum, v. tr. 
(decus). To decorate, adorn, em- 
bellish, grace, honor. 

dec or us, a, um, adj. (decor, come- 
liness). Becoming, suitable; dec- 
orated, ornamented ; elegant, fine, 
beautiful. 

decretum, i, n. (decerno). A de- 
cree, resolution, decision ; a law. 

decus, oris, n. (decet). -Honor, 
reputation, character, virtue. 



DEDECUS— DETRIMENTUM 



109 



de-decus, om, n. Disgrace, dis- 
honor, infamy, shame ; per dedecus, 
disgracefully, dishonorably ; per de- 
decora, by shameful excesses, xxxyn. 

dedi. See do. 

de-do, ere, didi, ditum, v. tr. {do, 
to place). To give up, surrender; 
to consign, devote. 

de-duco, ere, duxi, ductum, v. tr. 
To lead away, lead forth, lead out, 
lead. 

defendo, ere, di, sum, v. tr. To 
ward off, repel, keep off ; to defend, 
protect, maintain. 

defensio, onis, f. {defendo). A 
defence. 

defessus, a, um, adj. {defeiiscor, 
to grow weary). Wearied, fatigued, 
exhausted. 

de-ficio, ere, feci, fectum, v. tr. 
and intr. {facio). To fall away 
from, revolt ; to fail, decline, give 
out, come to an end. 

de-gusto, are, avi, atum, v. tr. 
{gusto, to taste). To taste. 

de-hinc, adv. (hinc, hence). 
From this place ; next, then, in the 
next place. 

de-inde, dein, adv. From here ; 
then, afterward, next, and then ; 
again, in the next place. 

deliciae, arum, f. pi. (delicio, to 
entice). Pleasure, luxury. 

delictum, i, n. (delinquo). A 
crime, offence, fault ; guilt. 

de-ligo, ere, legi, ledum, v. tr. 
{lego). To select, choose. 

de-linquo, ere, liqui, Return, v. 
intr. {linquo, to leave). To fail ; to 
commit a fault or offence, do wrong, 
transgress. 

delubrum, i, n. {deluo, to wash). 
A shrine, temple. 



dementia, ae, i. {demens, de- 
mented). Madness, folly, want of 
reason, insanity. 

demissus, a, um, part, and adj. 
{demitto). Lowered; downcast, de- 
jected ; lowly, humble, in humble life. 

de-mitt o, ere, rnisi, missum, v. tr. 
To let down ; to lead or take down. 

de mum, adv. At length, at last ; 
only ; indeed, in short. 

de-nego, are, avi, atum, v. tr. 
{nego, to deny). To deny, refuse. 

denique, adv. And then ; in 
short, in fine. 

de-prehendo, ere, di, sum, v. tr. 
{prehendo, to seize). To seize, cap- 
ture, arrest ; to surprise, detect. 

de-prim o, ere, pressi, pressum, v. 
tr. {premo, to press). To sink, de- 
press ; to dig down, dig. 

de-scendo, ere, scendi, scensum, 
v. intr. {scando, to climb). To go 
down, descend. 

descensus, us, m. {descendo). A 
descent. 

de-sero, ere, serui, sertum, v. tr. 
{sero, to join). To forsake, aban- 
don, desert. 

desidia, ae, f. {desideo, to sit 
down). A sitting idle, idleness, in- 
action, sloth. 

de-signo, are, avi, atum, v. tr. 
(signo, to mark). To designate ; to 
appoint, choose, elect ; designatus 
consul, consul elect, xvm. 

de-sum, esse, fui, v. intr. To be 
wanting, be absent. 

de-tine o, ere, tinui, tentum, v. tr. 
{teneo, to hold). To keep back, de- 
tain, keep, hinder. 

detrimentum, i, n. {detero, to 
dimmish). Loss, damage, injury, 
detriment. 



110 



DEUS— DISSENTIO 



dews, i, m. G. 51, 6. A god. 

de-vinco, ere, vici, victum, v. tr. 
To conquer, subdue, subjugate, over- 
come. 

dexter, tra or fera, trum or terum, 
adj. On the right hand, on the 
right. Dextra, ae, f. (sc. manus, 
hand), the right hand. 

dl, dis, insep. prep. G. 308. 

dicio, onis, f. G. 134. Domin- 
ion, authority, control. 

dico, ere, dixi, dictum, v. tr. To 
say, tell, mention, state ; to speak ; 
to call, name. 

dictum, i t n. (died). A word, 
saying. 

dies, ei, m. and f. G. 123. A 
day ; time ; in dies, from day to 
day, daily, day after day ; ante diem, 
see note on page 16, line 9 ; dies 
prolatare, to defer action, lit. days, 
i. e., the time of action, xliii. 

difficilis, e, adj. G. 163, 2. 
(dis, facilis). Difficult, troublesome. 

difficultas, atis, f. (difficilis). 
Difficulty, trouble, perplexity, criti- 
cal condition. 

diificulter, adv. (difficilis). 
With difficulty. 

diff ido, ere, flsus sum, v. semi- 
dep. (dis, fido, to trust). To dis- 
trust, despair of. 

dignitas, atis, f. (dignus). Dig- 
nity, rank, office, position. 

dignus, a, um, adj. Worthy, de- 
serving, suitable, befitting ; dono 
dignus, worth giving, liv. 

di-labor, i, lapsus sum, v. dep. 
(labor, to glide). To glide away ; to 
disperse, scatter, depart, desert. 

dilectus, us, m. (di, lego). A 
levy or draft of soldiers, a levy ; di- 
lectum habere, to raise or levy troops. 



diligentia, ae, f. (diUgcns, dill, 
gent). Carefulness, diligence, care. 

dl-mitto, ere, mlsi, missum, v. tr. 
To send away, send forth, send out, 
send ; to let go, discharge, dismiss, 
release. 

dirimo, ere, emi, emptum, v. tr. 
(dis, emo, originally, to take). To 
part ; to break up, put an end to, 
frustrate, bring to nought. 

dl-ruo, ere, ui, utum, v. tr. (ruo, 
to fall). To demolish, destroy, tear 
down. 

dis, di, insep. prep. G. 308. 

dis-cedo, ere, cessi, cessum, v. 
intr. To separate; to depart, go 
away, withdraw; to come off, be- 
come, be, xxxix., lxi. ; ab armis, to 
lay down arms ; in sententiam, to 
pass or go over to an opinion, adopt 
an opinion, ly. 

dis-cerno, ere, crevi, cretum, v. 
tr. To separate ; to discern, deter- 
mine, judge. 

disco, ere, didXci, v. tr. To learn, 
become acquainted with. 

discordia, ae, f. (discors, dis- 
cordant). Disagreement, dissension, 
discord, strife. 

discrimen, mis, n. Separation, 
distinction. 

dis jicio, ere, jeci, jectum, v. tr. 
(jacio, to throw). To throw asun- 
der, separate ; to disperse, scatter, 
rout. 

dis-par, aris, adj. Different, un- 
equal. * 

dis-pono, ere, posui, posiium, v. 
tr. To dispose, distribute, arrange, 
station. 

dis-sentio, Ire, sensi, sensum, v. 
intr. To differ, disagree ; to be at 
variance with, differ from. 



DISSERO— DUBIUS 



111 



dis-sero, ere, serui, sertum, v. tr. 
and intr. (sero, to join). To set asun- 
der; to argue about, discuss, speak, 
discourse, treat of, show. 

dis-similis, e, adj. Unlike, dif- 
ferent, dissimilar. 

dissimulator, oris, m. (dissimu- 
16). A dissembler, concealer. 

dis-simulo, are, avi, atum, v. tr. 
and intr. (simulo, to make like). To 
dissemble, disguise ; to hide, conceal. 

dis-solvo, ere, solvi, solutum, v. 
tr. To destroy, annul, terminate, end. 

dis-tribuo, ere, trxbui, tributum, 
v. tr. (tribuo, to assign). To dis- 
tribute, divide ; to assign. 

dill, diutius, diutissime, adv. (dies). 
Tor a long time, a long time, long, 
dius. See me dim fidius. 
diuturnus, a, um, adj. (diu). Of 
long duration, lasting, long. 

dl-vello, ere, velli, vulsum, v. tr. 
{vello, to pluck). To rend asunder ; 
to tear away, separate. 

diverse, adv. (diversus). In dif- 
ferent directions, in different ways, 
scattered. 

diversus, a, um, adj. (diverto, to 
turn away). Turned away, opposite ; 
unlike, different, diverse, separate ; 
diversi, with diverse tastes, pursuing 
different courses, n. ; separately, in- 
dividually, xx. ; diversi inter se, op- 
posed to each other. 

dives, itis, adj. Rich, wealthy. 
Lives, itis, m., a rich man, wealthy 
man. 

divido, ere, visi, visum,Y. tr. To 
divide ; to distribute, assign, allot. 

divinus, a, um, adj. (dlvus, di- 
vine). Divine. 

divitiae, arum, f. pi, (dives). 
Riches, wealth. 



dixi. See dlco. 

do, &re, dedi, datum, v. tr. To 
give, give up, bestow; to assign, 
intrust ; beneficia, to do favors ; 
poenas, to suffer punishment, xviii. ; 
operant, to take care, see to it, xxix. 

do ceo, ere, ui, turn, v. tr. To 
teach, show, indicate, inform, tell, 
exhibit. 

doctus, a, um, part, and adj. 
(doceo). Instructed, learned, skilled, 
well versed. 

documentum, i, n. (doceo). A 
lesson, example, instance, illustra- 
tion ; a proof, evidence. 

doleo, ere, ui, itum, v. tr. and 
intr. To grieve, deplore, lament, 
regret. 

dolor, oris, m. (dolco). Grief, dis- 
tress, trouble, vexation, resentment. 

dolus, i, m. An artifice, machi- 
nation, plot; fraud, deceit; craft, 
wiliness, cunning, adroitness. 

dominatio, onis, f. (dominor). 
Rule, dominion, power, sovereign 
power, sway ; tyranny, despotism. 

dominor, ari, atus sum, v. dep. 
(dommus, a master). To be master, 
have dominion or sway, rule, prevail. 

domo, are, ui, itum, v. tr. To 
subdue, vanquish, overcome, over- 
power. 

domus, us and i, f. G. 119, 1. 
A house, home ; domi, at home ; 
domum, homeward, to one's home ; 
domo, from home. 

donnm, i, n. (do). A gift ; dono 
dignus, worth giving, liv. 

dormio, ire, Ivi or ii, Itum, v. 
intr. To sleep. 

diibito, are, avi, atum, v. intr. 
To waver ; to doubt, hesitate, delay. 

diibius, a, um, adj. (duo). Doubt- 



112 



DUCENTI — EO 



ful, uncertain; dubiae res, critical 
or difficult circumstances, a critical 
condition of affairs, x., xxxix. ; in 
dubio, in uncertainty, in danger or 
peril, lii. 

diicenti, ae, a, num. adj. (duo, 
centum). Two hundred. 

tio co, ere, duxi, ducium, v. tr. To 
lead ; to consider, think, regard. 

ducto, are, avi, atum, v. tr. f req. 
(duco). To lead, command. 

dum, conj. While, as long as ; 
provided, if, if only. 

duo, «e,o,num.adj. G. 175. Two. 

dud-decim, num. adj. indecl. 
(decern, ten). Twelve. 

dux, ducis, m. and f. (duco). A 
leader, commander. 

E. 

e, prep, with abl. See ex. 

e-dico, ere, dixi, dictum, v. tr. 
To declare, make known. 

e-do, ere, didi, dttum, v. tr. (do, 
to place). To put forth ; to publish. 

e-doceo, ere, docui, doctum, v. tr. 
To teach ; to inform, apprise. 

e-diico, ere, duxi, ductum, v. tr. 
To lead or draw out ; to draw, un- 
sheathe, LI. 

effemino, are, avi, atum, v. tr. 
(ex,femina, a female). To effemi- 
nate, enervate, weaken. 

efficio, ere, feci, fectum, v. tr. 
(ex, facio). To bring to pass, effect, 
accomplish, make, produce, cause, 
render, occasion. 

effugio, ere, fugi, fugiium, v. 
intr. and tr. (ex, fugio, to flee). To 
flee away, escape. 

egens, entis,^oxt. and adj. (egeo). 
Needy, in want, poor. 



egeo, ere, ui, v. intr. To be 
needy; to be without, be destitute 
of, lack, need. 

egestas, atis, f. (egeo). Poverty, 
want, need, lack. 

egi. See ago. 

ego, mei, pers. pron. I. 

e-gredior, i, gressus sum, v. dep. 
(gradior, to step). To go out from, 
go forth, depart. 

e-gregius, a, urn, adj. (grex). 
Excellent, eminent, surpassing, dis- 
tinguished, admirable, remarkable, 
conspicuous. 

egui. See egeo. 

eleganter, adv., comp. elegantius 
(elegans, elegant). Gracefully, ele- 
gantly. 

eloquentia, ae, f. (eloquens, elo- 
quent). Eloquence, command of 
language. 

e-meutior, iri, itus sum, v. dep. 
To state falsely, fabricate, pretend. 

emo, ere, emi, emptum, v. tr. To 
buy, purchase. 

e-morior, i, moriuus sum, v. dep. 
(morior, to die). To die. 

en, interj. Lo ! behold ! 

enim, conj. For ; indeed. 

enim-vero, adv. (vero, in truth). 
For indeed, indeed. 

enitesco, ere, nitui, v. intr. incep. 
(emteo, to shine out). To shine 
forth ; to become conspicuous or 
distinguished. 

e-numero, are, avi, atum, v. tr. 
(numero, to count). To reckon up ; 
to enumerate, recount, relate, show. 

e-nuntio, are, avi, atum, v. tr. To 
report, divulge, disclose, announce. 

eo, ire, wi or ii, xtum, v. intr. 
To go, proceed; perditum ire, to 
proceed to ruin or destroy, be deter- 



EO— EXEMPLUM 



113 



mined to ruin, xxxvi., lii. ; pedibus 
in sententiam ire, to vote for an 
opinion, l. 

eo, adv. (is). There ; to the 
place or position, to that place, 
thither ; therefore, for this reason, 
on this account ; eo magis, the more, 
the more on this account, so much 
the more, lii. ; usque eo, to such an 
extent, xlix. 

eodem, adv. (idem). To the 
same place. 

eques, itis, m. (equus). A horse- 
man ; a knight, one of the order of 
equites or knights, holding a rank 
between the senators and the ple- 
beians. 

equester, tris, tre, adj. (eques). 
Belonging to the order of knights, 
equestrian. 

equidem, adv. Indeed, truly. 

equus, i, m. A horse ; equo 
circumire, to ride about. 

e-ripio, ere, ripui, reptum, v. tr. 
(rapio). To snatch out or away, 
wrest from, deprive of, take away, 
take ; to rescue, liberate, free. 

e-rumpo, ere, rupi, ruptum, v. 
intr. (rumpo, to break). To burst 
forth, break forth or away, sally 
forth. 

et, conj. And; et . . . et, both 
. . . and. 

et-euim, conj. For ; and indeed. 

etiam, conj. and adv. (et, jam). 
And also, also, furthermore, like- 
wise, besides; even, yet, still, in- 
deed ; etiam turn, still. 

Etrtiria, ae, f. Etruria, a coun- 
try of Italy north of Rome. 

e-venio, ire, veni, ventum, v. intr. 
To come out ; to come to pass, hap- 
pen, befall, occur; to result, turn 



out, issue ; pax evenit, peace is con- 
cluded, IX. 

eventus, us, m. (evenio). An 
occurrence, event, result, issue. 

Svocatus, i, m. (evoco, to call 
out). A reenlisted veteran, veteran 
volunteer. 

ex or e, prep, with abl. G. 434, 
3. I. Op space; out of, from; ex 
itinere, on the road ; ex altera parte, 
on the other side, lix. ; ex lateribus, 
on the flanks, lx. II. Op time: 
after. III. Of other relations : 
because of, on account of, by, 
through, according to, in accord- 
ance with, in consequence of, by 
means of, of, out of ; ex ignavo, 
from being inactive, lviii. 

ex-aedif ico, are, dvi, atum, v. 
tr. To build, erect, construct. 

ex-aequo, are, dvi, atum, v. tr. 
(aequo, to level). To make equal, 
equal. 

ex-agito, are, dvi, atum, v. tr. 
To drive out; to disquiet, disturb, 
torment, agitate ; to stir up, ex- 
cite. 

ex-cedo, ere, cessi, cessum, v. intr. 
To go out, depart, withdraw, retire. 

excelsum, i, n. (excelsus, high). 
A high station, conspicuous or lofty 
position, li. 

ex-cio, ire, ivi or ii, Hum, and 

ex-cieo, ere, ivi or ii, itum, v. tr. 
(eio, cieo, to move). To call out ; to 
rouse, excite, induce. 

excito, are, dvi, atum, v. tr, f req. 
(excio). To call forth, arouse, ex- 
cite ; to incite, stimulate. 

excltus, excitus, a, um, part, 
and adj. (excio, excieo). Excited, 
agitated, perturbed, disquieted. 

exemplum, i, n. (eximo, to take 



114 



EXERCEO — EXTOLLO 



out). A copy ; an example, in- 
stance, precedent. 

ex-erceo, ere, ui, itum, v. tr. 
(arceo, to shut up). To exercise, 
occupy, practise, train, employ, use ; 
to conduct, practise, cherish; gra- 
tiam, to be influenced by favor, 
cherish feelings of partiality, li. 

exercitatus, a, um, adj. (exer- 
cito, to exercise). Exercised, trained, 
practised, skilled, versed. 

exercitus, us, m. (exerceo). An 
army. 

ex-istimo, are, dvi, atum, v. tr. 
(aestimo). To judge, think, suppose, 
consider, esteem, regard ; to expect. 

exitium, ii, n. (exeo, to go out). 
A going out ; destruction, ruin ; an 
end. 

exitus, us, m. (exeo, to go out). 
A going out, departure ; the issue, 
result, end, conclusion. 

ex opto, are, dvi, atum, v. tr. 
To wish, long for, desire. 

ex-orior, iri 9 ortus sum, v. dep. 
To start up, rise. 

ex-orno, are, dvi, atum, v. tr. 
(orno, to adorn). To furnish, supply. 

expedio, Ire, ivi or ii, Hum, v. tr. 
(ex, pes). To extricate, disengage ; 
res expedit, the thing takes care of 
itself, xx. 

expedit us, a, um, part, and adj. 
(expedio). Unimpeded, unincum- 
bered ; without baggage ; light 
armed, lx. 

ex-pello, ere, pull, puhum, v. tr. 
To drive out or away, expel, eject, 
remove. 

expergiscor, i, perreclus sum, v. 
dep. incep. (expergo, to rouse). To 
awake, rouse, bestir one's self. 

experior, iri, perius sum, v. dep. 



To put to the test, experience, try, 
prove, make trial of. 

ex-pers, perils, adj. (pars). With- 
out a part or share in, destitute of, 
without. 

ex-plano, are, dvi, atum, v. tr. 
(piano, to level). To spread out; 
to make plain or clear, explain, relate. 

ex-pleo, ere, evi, etum, v. tr. (pleo, 
to fill). To fill up, fill, satisfy. 

exploratus, a, um, part, and adj. 
(exploro). Ascertained ; established, 
confirmed, certain, sure. 

exploro, are, dvi, atum, v. tr. 
To explore, examine, investigate, 
ascertain, scrutinize. 

ex-purgo, are, dvi, atum, v. tr. 
(pur go, to purge). To purge; to 
exculpate, justify, excuse. 

ex-qulro, ere, quislvi or ii, quisi- 
turn, v. tr. (quaero, to seek). To 
search out, seek. 

ex-sanguis, e, adj. Bloodless, 
pale, wan ; feeble, weak, exhausted. 

exsecratio, dnis, f. (exsecror). 
Execration; a solemn oath, impre- 
cation. 

ex-secror, dri, dius sum, v. dep. 
(sacro, to doom). To curse, execrate. 

ex-sequor, i, secutus sum, v. dep. 
To follow, adopt, imitate ; to carry 
out, perform, execute, accomplish, 
fulfil, discharge. 

exsilium, ii, n. (exsul, an exile). 
Exile, banishment. 

ex-specto, are, dvi, atum, v. tr. 
(specto, to look at). To look for, 
await, wait for ; to desire, long for. 

ex-siipero, are, dvi, atum, v. tr. 
(supero, to go over). To surmount ; 
to surpass, exceed. 

ex-tollo, ere, v. tr. (tollo, to raise). 
To lift, raise, elevate ; to exalt, ex- 



EXTOEQUEO— FALSUS 



115 



tol ; se extollere, to have aspirations, 

VII. 

ex-torque o, ere, torsi, tortum, v. 
tr. (iorqueo, to twist). To wrest 
away, wrest, obtain by force. 

extra, prep, with acc. (exter, out- 
side). Outside of ; beside. 

extremum, i, n. (extremus). The 
extremity, a critical position. 

extremus, a, um, adj. sup. G. 
163, 3. (extents, outward). The most 
remote, extreme ; the last part of, 
close of. 

ex-trudo, ere, trusi, trusum, v. tr. 
(trudo, to thrust). To thrust out, 
drive out or away, shut out, keep out. 

F. 

Fabius, tt, m. Q. Fabius Sanga, 
patron of the Allobroges, xli. 

facetiae, drum, f. pi. (facetus, 
witty). Wit, humor. 

facies, ei, f. (facio). Make, 
form ; face, visage, countenance ; 
condition, appearance, aspect. 

facile, facilius, facillime, adv. 
(facilis). Easily, without difficulty, 
readily, well. 

facilis, e, adj. G. 163, 2. (facio). 
Easy to do, easy. 

f acilitas, dtis, f. (facilis). Ease ; 
affability, courteousness, good-na- 
ture. 

f acinus, oris, n. (facio). A 
deed, act, action; an exploit, enter- 
prise ; a bad deed, misdeed, crime ; 
malum f acinus, a misdeed, crime, 
xvi. ; facinora, criminals, wicked or 
depraved men, xiv. 

facio, ere, feci, factum, v. tr. 
and intr. To make, do, prepare, 
effect, perform, commit, cause, oc- 
6 



casion; to construct, build, erect; 
to wage, begin ; to render ; to value, 
prize, lii. ; to act; nihil rcliqui 
facer e, to leave nothing ; initium 
facere, to begin ; graliam facere, to 
grant pardon ; verba facere, to utter 
words, lii. ; grege facto, in a body, 
l. ; uti facto oj/us est, as the occasion 
requires, xlv. ; potestatem facere, to 
afford an opportunity, xlviii. 

factio, onis, f. (facio). A mak- 
ing, doing ; a party, faction, com- 
bination ; conspiracy ; party-spirit, 
party-strife, liv. 

factiosus, a, um, adj. (factio). 
Eagerly interested in the success of 
a party, devoted to political success, 
liv. ; factious, seditious. 

factum, i, n. (factus). An oc- 
currence ; a deed, act, achievement ; 
be7ie factum, a good deed, viii. 

factus, a, um, part, from facio, 
and from fio. 

facundia, ae, f. (facundus, elo- 
quent). Eloquence. 

faenerator, oris, m. (faenVror, 
to lend on interest). A money-lend- 
er ; a usurer. 

Faesulae, arum, f. pi. Faesu- 
lae, a city of Etruria, now Ficsole. 

Faesiilanus, a, um, adj. (Faestc- 
lae). Of Faesulae, Faesulan. Faesu- 
lanus, i, m., a citizen of Faesulae, a 
Faesulan, lix. 

fallacia, ae, f . (fallax, deceitful). 
A trick, artifice, deception. 

fallo, ere, fefelli, falsum, v. tr. 
To deceive, mislead ; me fallit, I am 
mistaken, 

falso, adv. (falsus). Untruly, 
falsely, without reason, unjustly. 

falsus, a, um, part, and adj. 
(fallo). Deceitful, false, untrue, 



116 



FAMA— FIDES 



unfounded, mistaken, unjust ; signa- 
tor falsus, a forger, xyi. ; falsum 
aliquid, some false charge, li. 

fama, ae, f. (fdri, to speak). 
Common talk, rumor, report; evil 
report, in. ; fame, character, reputa- 
tion ; renown, glory. 

fames, is, f. Hunger. 

f amilia, ae, f. (famulus, a ser- 
vant). A household, servants, vas- 
sals ; a family ; gladiatoria f amilia, 
a company of gladiators, xxx. 

famiiiaris, e, adj. (f amilia). 
Belonging to the family, domestic, 
private; personal, inherited; fami- 
liar ; res famiiiaris, private property, 
property; lar famiiiaris, a home. 
Famiiiaris, is, m. and f., a familiar 
acquaintance, intimate acquaintance, 
friend. 

f amiliaritas, atis, f. (famiii- 
aris). Intimacy, friendship, ac- 
quaintance. 

fanum, i, n. (fdri, to speak). 
A sanctuary, temple, fane. 

fas, n. indecl. The right, that 
which accords with divine law ; di- 
vine law, xv. 

fascis, is, m. A bundle. Fasces, 
pi., the fasces, bundles of rods, 
containing each an axe, carried by 
the lictors before certain magis- 
trates. 

fate or, eri, fassus sum, v. dep. 
(fdri, to speak). To confess, own, 
acknowledge, admit. 

f atlgo, are, dvi, dtum, v. tr. To 
weary, tire, fatigue, exhaust ; to im- 
pair, pervert, corrupt, vitiate. 

f atum, i, n. (fdri, to speak). A 
prediction; what is ordained, fate, 
destiny. 

fauces, ium, f. pi. The throat. 



f aveo, ere, fdvi, fautum, v. intr. 
To favor, look upon with favor. 

Februarius, a, urn, adj. Of 
February. 

fere, adv. (fero). Nearly, al- 
most, generally, for the most part, 
almost invariably. 

ferentarius, it, m. (fero). A 
light-armed soldier, skirmisher. 

f erio, ire, v. tr. To strike, smite ; 
to strike down, kill, slay. 

fero, ferre, tuli, latum, v. tr. To 
bear, carry, bring ; to impel ; to ex- 
tol ; to report, represent. 

f erocia, ae, f. (ferox). Fierce- 
ness, ferocity. 

f erdciter, ferocius, ferocissime, 
adv. (ferox). Fiercely, violently, 
insolently. 

ferox, ocis, adj. (fero). Impe- 
tuous, courageous, spirited, bold, 
warlike; wild, fierce, savage, head- 
strong, violent. 

ferrum, i, n. Iron ; an iron in- 
strument, the sword ; minari ferro, 
to threaten with the sword, i. e., 
with death, xxiii. 

ferus, a, urn, adj. Wild; sav- 
age, barbarous, fierce. 

festlno, are, dvi, dtum, v. intr. 
and tr. To hasten, hurry about; 
to press forward, vi. ; to be busy, 
xxvu. ; to hurry on. 

fictus, a, um, part, and adj. (fin- 
go). Invented, fabricated ; fictitious, 
false. 

f idelis, e, adj. (fides). Faithful, 
true, trustworthy. 

fides, ei, f. (fido, to trust). 
Trust, faith ; security, protection, 
credit ; pledge, promise, word ; fide- 
lity, honor, good faith, trustworthi- 
ness; fides publica, a pledge of pro- 



FIDIUS — FRANGO 



117 



tection in the name of the state, 

XLVII., XLVIII. 

f idius. See me dius fidius, xxxv. 

fiducia, ae, f. (fldo, to trust). 
Trust, confidence,reliance, assurance. 

f idus, a, Mm, adj. (fldo, to trust). 
Trusty, faithful, sure. 

fieri. See fio. 

Figulns, i, m. C. Figulus, con- 
sul 64 B. C, xyii. 

f ilia, ae, f. G. 49, 4. A daugh- 
ter. 

filius, ii, m. G. 51, 5- A son ; 

filii familiarum, young men whose 
fathers were living, sons under their 
fathers' control, xliii. 

lingo, ere, nxi, ctum, v. tr. To 
form, make ; to devise, contrive, in- 
vent, fabricate ; fingere alia, to try 
to devise a different account, xlvii. 

finis, is, m. Limit; end, con- 
clusion. 

ilnitimns, a, um, adj. (finis). 
Bordering upon, adjoining, adjacent, 
neighboring. 

fio, fieri, /actus sum, v. intr. G. 
294. To be made, become ; to oc- 
cur, happen, come to pass ; fieri reli- 
qui, to be left, lii. 

firmns, a, um, adj. Firm, stead- 
fast, sure, strong, durable, lasting. 

Flaccus, i, m. L. Valerius Flac- 
cus, a praetor under Cicero, xlv., 
xlvi. 

flagitidsus, a, um, adj. ( fiagxti- 
um). Shameful, base, infamous. 

fiagitium, ii, n. (flagxto, to de- 
mand). A shameful, infamous, or 
disgraceful act, crime, wickedness ; 
an infamous person, xiv. 

flagro, are, dvi, dtum, v. intr. 
To burn, be on fire ; to be inflamed, 
glow, be excited. 



Flaminias, ii, m. C. Flaminius, 
one of Catiline's accomplices, xxxvi. 

florens, entis, adj. (fiorco, to 
flourish). Flourishing, prosperous. 

flux us, a, um, adj. (fluo, to flow). 
Flowing ; pliable, xiv. ; frail, fleet- 
ing, perishable, I. 

focus, i, m. A fireplace, hearth. 

foedus, a, um, adj. Foul, un- 
seemly, detestable, abominable, sac- 
rilegious, horrible, frightful ; dis- 
astrous, ruinous, xxvi. ; staring, 
wild, xv. 

f orem, fore, = essem, f uturus 
esse. G. 204, 2. 

f oris, adv. Without, out of 
doors, outside, abroad. 

forma, ae, f. (fero). Form; 
beauty, personal beauty. 

formido, mis, f. Dread, fear, 
terror. 

formiduldsus, a, um, adj. {for- 
mido). Formidable, fearful, dread- 
ful, occasioning apprehension or 
alarm, vn. 

fornix, xcis, m. An arch, vault. 

forte, adv. (fors, chance). By 
chance, by accident ; perchance. 

fort is, e, adj. {fero). Strong, 
brave, valiant, bold, fearless. 

fortitiido, mis, f. (foriis). 
Bravery, courage, fortitude. 

for tuna, ae, f. (fors, chance). 
Chance, fortune ; fate, lot, destiny. 
Fortunae, pi., gifts of fortune, pro- 
perty, estate, possessions, fortunes. 

fortunatus, a, um, adj. (for- 
tuna). Fortunate, happy. 

forum, i, n. A public place, 
market-place, forum. 

fragilis, e, adj. (frango). Easily 
destroyed, fragile. 

frango, ere, fregi, fr actum, v. tr. 



118 



FRAUS — GERO 



To break; laqueo gulam frangere, 
to strangle, lv. 

fraus, fraudis, f. Deceit, fraud ; 
sine fraudc, with impunity, xxxvi. 

fregi. See frango, 

frequens, eniis, adj. Repeated, 
frequent ; in great numbers, numer- 
ous, crowded, full. 

frequentia, ae, f. (frequens). 
Large assembly, assembly, attend- 
ance. 

frequento, are, dvi, atum, v. tr. 
(frequens). To frequent, resort to, 
visit ; to visit in great numbers. 

fretus, a, wm, adj. Relying upon, 
depending on, trusting to. 

frlgus, oris, n. Cold. 

frons, frontis, f. The forehead, 
brow, front ; in f route, in front, lix. 

fructns, us, m. (fruor). The use, 
enjoyment ; fruit, income ; effect, 
result. 

frumentum, i, n. Grain. 

fruor, i, fruitus or fructus sum, 
v. dep. To enjoy. 

frustra, adv. Without effect, in 
vain, to no purpose. 

f udi. See /undo. 

fuga, ae, f. Flight, retreat. 

fugitivus, a, um, adj. (fugio, to 
flee). Fleeing, fugitive, runaway. 

Fulvia, ae, f. Fulvia, a woman 
of high rank but of depraved char- 
acter, who betrayed the conspiracy 
of Catiline, xxiii., xxyl, xxviii. 

Fulvius, ii, m. 1. M. Fulvius 
Nobilior, a knight, one of Catiline's 
accomplices, xvn. — 2. A. Fulvius, 
son of a senator, put to death by 
order of his father for his compli- 
city in the conspiracy of Catiline, 
xxxix. 

fundo, ere, fudi, fumm, v. tr. 



To pour out ; to prostrate, vanquish, 
rout. 

fur, furis, m. A thief, robber. 

furibundus, a, urn, adj. (furo, 
to rage). Mad, furious, frenzied, 
raging. 

Furius, ii, m. P. Furius, a par- 
tisan of Catiline. 

f iiror, oris, m. (furo, to rage). 
Madness, frenzy. 

fusus, a, um, part, from fundo. 

G-. 

Gabinius, ii, m. P. Gabinius 
Capito, a knight, one of the chief 
conspirators with Catiline, xvn., etc. 

Gaius, ii, m. Gaius, a Roman 
praenomen. 

Gallia, ae, f. (Gallus). Gaul. 
1. Gallia CiteHor, Hither Gaul, 
Gaul south of the Alps. — 2. Gallia 
Ulterior or Transalpine, Farther 
Gaul, Gaul beyond the Alps. 

Gallicus, a, um, adj. (Gallus). 
Gallic, belonging to the Gauls. 

Gallus, i, m. A Gaul, an in- 
habitant of Gaul. 

ganea, ae, f . An eating-house ; 
gluttony, debauchery, xm. 

ganeo, onis, m. (ganea). A glut- 
ton, debauchee, xiv. 

gaudium, ii, n. (gaudeo, to re- 
joice). Joy, gladness ; pi., exulta- 
tion, LXI. 

gens, gentis, f. (gigno, to beget). 
A clan, house, family, lv. ; a tribe, 
race, nation. 

genus, eris, n. Birth, descent; 
race ; family, class ; kind, manner. 

gero, ere, gessi, gestum, v. tr. To 
bear, carry ; to administer, manage, 
carry on, wage; to conduct, per- 



GLADIATORIUS— HISPANI 



119 



form, do ; res gestae, deeds, exploits, 
achievements; res gcrilur, the bat- 
tle is fought, lx." 

gladiatorius, a, um, adj. (gladi- 
ator, a gladiator). Gladiatorial, of 
gladiators. 

gladius, ii, m. A sword. 

gloria, ae, f. Glory, renown, 
fame, reputation. 

glorior, ari, dtus sum, v. dep. 
(gloria). To glory, boast. 

Gnaeus, i, m. Gnaeus, a Ro- 
man praenomen. 

Graecia, ae, f. (Graecus, a 
Greek). Greece. 

Graecus, a, um, adj. (Graecus, 
a Greek). Greek, Grecian. 

grandis, e, adj. Large, great. 

gratia, ae, f. (gratus). Favor, 
esteem, influence, friendship, popu- 
larity ; gratiam exercere, to be influ- 
enced by favor ; gratiam facer e, to 
grant pardon, lii. ; gratia, for the 
sake of, because of, on account of. 

gratuito, adv. (gratuilus, gratui- 
tous). Gratuitously; without hope 
of advantage, xvi. 

gratus, a, um, adj. Pleasing, 
acceptable, agreeable, grateful. 

gravis, e, adj. Heavy; violent, 
severe, grievous. 

graviter, gravius, grdvissime, 
adv. {gravis). Violently, severely, 
grievously, seriously ; gravius aequo 
habere, to exaggerate, li. 

gregarius, a, um, adj. (grcx). 
Belonging to a herd; common; miles, 
a common soldier. 

grex, gregis, m. A flock, herd ; 
company, troop, band ; grege facto, 
in a body, l. 

giila, ae, f . The throat ; laqueo 
gulam frangere, to strangle, lv. 



n. 

habeo, ere, ui, itum, v. tr. To 
have, possess, occupy, involve, hold, 
keep, enjoy ; to maintain, manage, 
employ ; to consider, esteem, regard ; 
to make, prepare, bring about ; to 
entertain, foster ; to utter ; to pass, 
spend, iv. ; se habere, to be, n., lii. ; 
haberi, to be possessed, be a posses- 
sion, be, I., lviii. ; orationcm habere, 
to deliver an oration ; dilcctum ha- 
bere, to levy troops, enlist soldiers ; 
in spe habere, to have reason to hope 
for ; in incerto habere, to be in doubt, 
xli. ; gravius aequo habere, to ex- 
aggerate, li. ; quicquam pensi habere, 
to regard as a matter of importance, 
to care, v. ; nihil pensi habere, not 
to regard as a matter of importance, 
to have no consideration. See note 
on p. 7, line 14. 

haruspex, uis, m. A soothsay- 
er, diviner. 

haud, adv. Not. 

haud-quaquam, adv. (qua- 
quam, anywhere, by any means). 
By no means whatever, not at all. 

haveo, ere, v. intr., found only in 
imperat. and infin. To be safe, hap- 
py, well ; in imperat, farewell, xxxv. 

hebesco, 8re t v. intr. incep. (he- 
beo, to be blunt). To grow dull ; to 
droop, decline, become enfeebled, 
lose vitality. 

hie, haec, hoc, dem. pron. This, 
he, it ; the latter ; haec sequi, to pur- 
sue this course ; ad hoc, besides, 
moreover. 

hie, adv. (hie). Here, in this 
place. 

Hispani, drum, m. pi. The 
Spaniards. 



120 



HISPANIA — IMMODERATUS 



Ilispania, ae, f. (Hispdni). 
Spain, comprising two provinces: 
Ilispania Ciierior, north of the riv- 
er Iberus, now the Ebro, and His- 
pania Ulterior, south of that river : 
hence duae Hispaniae, xviii. 

Hispanus, a, wm, adj. (Hispani). 
Spanish. 

homo, mis, m. and f. A man, 
human being, person. 

ho nest e, adv. (honcstus). Honor- 
ably; properly. 

honesto, are, avi, atum, v. tr. 
(honestus). To honor, dignify, dis- 
tinguish. 

honest us, a, um, adj. (honos). 
Honored, noble, honorable. 

honos or honor, oris, m. Honor, 
distinction; a post of honor, pub- 
lic office. 

hortor, ari, atus sum, v. dep. To 
incite, instigate; to encourage, ex- 
hort, urge. 

hospes, ids, m. and f. A guest ; 
a host ; a friend. 

hostilis, e, adj. (hostis). Fer- 
taining to the enemy, of the enemy. 

hostis, is, m. and f . An enemy, 
a public enemy. 

hue, adv. (hie). Hither, to this ; 
hue accedit quod, besides this, an 
additional fact is that, xi. 

humanus, a, um, adj. (homo). 
Human. 

humus, i, f . The earth, ground ; 
humi, on the ground, in the earth, lv. 

i. 

ibi, adv. There ; in this, in those, 
in it, in them. 

idem, eadem, idem, dem. pron. 
(is, dem). The same. 



iddneus, a, um, adj. Fit, suit- 
able, proper, deserving. 

lgitur, conj. Therefore, accord- 
ingly, consequently, then. 

ignarus, a, um, adj. (in, gnarus, 
knowing). Ignorant, inexperienced, 
unacquainted. 

ignavia, ae, f. (ignavus). Cow- 
ardice, listlessness, inactivity. 

ignavus, a, um, adj. (in, gndvus, 
active). Inactive, lazy, slothful, idle, 
sluggish, listless, spiritless, coward- 
ly, dastardly. 

ignoMlis, e, adj. (in, nobilis). 
Unknown, undistinguished, obscure ; 
of low birth, ignoble. 

ignominia, ae, f. (in, nomen). 
Disgrace, dishonor, ignominy. 

ignosco, ere, novi, notum, v. tr. 
(in, nosco). To pardon, forgive, ex- 
cuse. 

ille, ilia, illud, dem. pron. 
That ; he, she, it ; the former. 

illecebra, ae, f. (illicio). En- 
ticement, attraction, allurement, 
power of alluring. 

illicio, ere, lexi, ledum, v. tr. (in, 
lacio, to entice). To allure, entice, 
attract, decoy, ensnare. 

imbecillus, a, um, adj. Weak, 
feeble, yielding. 

imbuo, ere, ui, utum, v. tr. To 
nil ; to imbue, accustom, inure. 

imitor, ari, atus sum, v. dep. To 
copy, imitate. 

imminno, ere, ui, utum, v. tr. 
(in, mmuo). To diminish ; to en- 
croach upon, impair, injure. 

immitto, ere, misi, missum, v. tr. 
(in, mitlo). To send into or against ; 
to influence, instigate, xlviii. 

immo, adv. Nay rather. 

immoderatus, a, um, adj. (in, 



IMMORTALIS — INCEDO 

Immoderate, exces- 



121 



moderdius), 
sive. 

immortalis, e, adj. (in, mortdlis). 
Immortal, eternal. 

immuto, are, dvi, alum, v. tr. (in, 
muto). To change, alter. 

imparatus, a, um, adj. (in,pard- 
tus). Unprepared, unprovided ; dis- 
ordered, thoughtless; unsuspicious, 
not apprehensive. 

impedio, ire, Ivi or it, v. 
tr. (m, pes). To entangle ; to hinder, 
impede, prevent. 

impello, ere, puli, pulsum, v. tr. 
(in, petto). To drive against ; to 
urge, urge on, impel ; to incite, move, 
persuade, induce. 

impendeo, ere, v. intr. (in, pen- 
deo, to hang). To overhang ; to be 
near, impend, threaten ; to force, 
constrain, lviii. 

imperator, oris, m. (impero). A 
commander, general ; a chief, ruler. 

imperium, ii, n. (impero). Com- 
mand, order, direction ; authority, 
office, power, rule, sway, dominion ; 
empire, government ; military pow- 
er, xxix. ; a ruler, n. ; in imperio, 
in persons in authority, Li. 

impero, are, dvi, dtum, v. tr. and 
intr. (in, paro). To command, or- 
der, rule ; to impose upon. 

impetus, us, m. (impeto, to as- 
sail). An attack, assault. 

impius, a, um, adj. (in, pius, 
pious). Irreverent, ungodly, im- 
pious ; abandoned, wicked. 

imploro, are, dvi, dtum, v. tr. 
(in, ploro, to cry out). To entreat, 
beseech, implore. 

impono, ere, posui, positum, v. 
tr. (in, pono). To put into ; to lay, 
impose, or bring upon. 



impro visas, a, um, adj. (in, pro- 
visus, foreseen). Unforeseen; de 
improviso, unexpectedly, without 
warning, xxviii. 

impudlcus, a, um, adj. (in, pu~ 
dicus, chaste). Unchaste, shame- 
less, lewd. 

impunitas, dtis, f. (impunis, un- 
punished). Exemption from punish- 
ment, impunity, pardon. 

impunitas, a, um, adj. (in, punl- 
lus, punished). Unpunished. 

impurus, a, um, adj. (in, purus, 
pure). Impure, infamous, vile. 

in, prep, with acc. and abl. 1. 
With acc, in answer to the ques- 
tion whither? Into, to, against, 
toward, upon ; till, for ; in praesens, 
for the present ; in dies, daily, day 
by day ; in modum, like, xn. ; in 
unum, together, xvn. ; in rem, to the 
purpose ; in una moenia, within the 
walls of a single city, vi. ; in . . . 
versus, in the direction of, lvi. ; in 
libertatem vindicare, to restore to 
liberty, xx. ; in animum inducere, 
to determine, liv. — 2. With abl., 
in answer to the question where? 
In, upon, among, at, on ; during ; in 
the case of ; in manu, in one's 
hands, in one's power or control, xx., 
li. ; inprimis, especially ; among the 
first or foremost, lx. ; in promptu, 
openly, vn. ; in medio, in the mid- 
dle, unsettled ; in oculis, before one's 
eyes, xx. ; in magistratu, while in 
office ; in incerto habere, to be in 
doubt, xli. ; in spe habere, to have 
reason to hope for, xxxi. 

in, insep. prep. Un-, im-, in-, 
not. G. 344, 6. 

in-cedo, ere, cessi, cessum, v. intr. 
and tr. To advance, move forward ; 



122 



IN GENDIUM — INERMIS 



to come, come in, enter, arrive, ap- 
pear ; to assail, fall upon, seize, pos- 
sess, take possession of. 

incendium, ii, n. (incendo). A 
fire, conflagration, burning ; a ruin, 
destruction, catastrophe, xxxi. 

incendo, ere, di, sum, v. tr. To 
set fire to, set on fire, fire ; to in- 
flame, arouse, stir up, excite. 

inceptum, t, n. (incipio). An 
undertaking, attempt, beginning. 

in-certus, a, um, adj. Uncertain, 
indefinite, doubtful, not fixed; in 
incerto habere, to be in doubt, xli. 

incessns, us, m. (incedo). A 
walk, pace, gait, step. 

in-cido, ere, cidi, cdsum, v. intr. 
(cddo). To fall into ; to come into, 
happen upon ; in amicitiam, to hap- 
pen to become one's friend, xiv. 

incipio, ere, cepi, ceptum, v. tr. 
(capio). To begin, commence. 

in-cito, are, dvi, alum, v. tr. 
(cito, to rouse). To set in motion, 
urge forward ; to impel, incite, spur 
on, encourage, stimulate, rouse. 

inconsulte, adv. (inconsultus, in- 
considerate). Unadvisedly, incon- 
siderately. 

in-credibilis, e, adj. Incredi- 
ble, extraordinary ; unnatural, ec- 
centric. 

in-crepo, are, dvi, atum, v. tr. 
(crepo, to rattle). To rebuke, re- 
prove ; to censure, inveigh against, 
denounce. 

in-cruentus, a, urn, adj. Blood- 
less, without bloodshed. 

in- cult us, a, um, adj. (cold). Un- 
cultivated ; unpolished, rude, un- 
educated ; vile, wild, savage. 

in cultus, us, m. Want of 
cleanliness, uncleanness, filth. 



in-curro, ere, curri or cucurri, 
cursum, v. intr. (curro, to run). To 
run into ; to rush upon, attack. 

inde, adv. {is). Thence; of it, 

XXII. 

in-demnatus, a, um, adj. 
(damno). Uncondemned, unsen- 
tenced, without trial. 

index, ids, m. and f. (indico). 
An informer, witness. 

indicium, ii, n. (index). Infor- 
mation, discovery, disclosure, evi- 
dence, testimony, revelation, ex- 
posure. 

in-dico, are, dvi, atum, v. tr. and 
intr. {dtco, to proclaim). To indi- 
cate; to expose, reveal, betray; to 
testify. 

indigens, entis, adj. (indigco, to 
need). In need ; insufficient, de- 
ficient. 

in-dignus, a, um, adj. Un- 
worthy, undeserving. 

in-doctus, a, um, adj. Un- 
taught, unlearned, uninstructed, 
ignorant. 

in-duco, ere, duxi, ductum, v. tr. 
To lead into ; to lead on or against ; 
to induce, move, excite, influence, 
persuade : in animum inducere, to 
determine, liv. 

indu stria, ae, f. (industrius, in- 
dustrious). Industry, application, 
diligence, activity, assiduity. 

indutiae, drum, f . pi. A truce, 
armistice. 

in-edia, ae, f. (edo, to eat). An 
abstaining from food, fasting. 

in-eo, Ire, ii, itum, v. tr. To go 
into, enter; to enter upon, begin, 
commence. 

in-ermis, e, adj. (arma). With- 
out arms, not armed. 



INERTIA — INSIGNE 



123 



inertia, ae, f. (incrs, unskilled). 
"Want of skill ; inaction, inactivity, 
indolence, idleness, listlessness. 

inferos, a, um, adj. G. 163, 3. 
Situated below or underneath. In- 
feri, pi., those in the under world, 
the dead, lii. 

infestns, a, um, adj. Unsafe; 
hostile, inimical, at variance with; 
hifestis signis, in hostile encounter, 
in attack, lx. 

in-f Idus, a, um, adj. Faithless, 
treacherous, false. 

infimus, a, um, adj. sup. (in- 
ferus). Lowest; humblest, of the 
lowest rank. 

in-flnltns, a, um, adj. (Jinitus, 
limited). Unbounded, unlimited. 

in-firmus, a, «m, adj. Weak, 
feeble, enfeebled. 

infra, adv. ( = infera, in f era 
parte). Below, under. 

ingenium, ii, n. (in, gigno, to 
beget). Nature, character, spirit, 
temper ; native talent, talent, ability, 
genius ; mental ability, mind, intel- 
lect, intellectual powers ; power of 
conception, li. 

in-gens, entis, adj. Vast, enor- 
mous, very great, great ; mighty, 
strong, powerful. 

. ingennus, a, um, adj. (ingeno, to 
implant). Born of free parents, 
free-born. 

in-gratus, a, wm, adj. Unwel- 
come, disagreeable, unpleasant, un- 
acceptable, ungrateful. 

in-honestus, a, Mm, adj. Dis- 
honorable, disgraceful, shameful. 

lnimlcitia, ae, f. (inimlcus). 
Enmity, hostility, feud. 

in-imlcns, a, «m, adj. (amicus, 
friendly). Unfriendly, hostile, ini- 



mical. Inimlcus, i % m., a foe, per- 
sonal enemy. 

inlquitas, atis, f. (iniquus, un- 
fair). Injustice, unfairness. 

initium, ii, n. (meo). A begin- 
ning, origin, commencement ; initio, 
in the beginning, at first; initium 
facere, to begin. 

injuria, ae, f. (injur ius, injuri- 
ous). Injury, wrong, violence, in- 
justice, damage, harm, insult ; a 
sense of wrong, li. ; injuriae licen- 
tia, power to injure. 

in-justus, a, um, adj. (Justus, 
just). Unjust. 

in-nocens, centis, adj. (nocens, 
injurious). Blameless, guiltless, in- 
nocent ; disinterested, upright. 

innocentia, ae, f. (innocens). 
Innocence; blamelessness, upright- 
ness, integrity. 

in-noxius, a, um, adj. (noxius, 
hurtful). Harmless ; innocent, 
blameless, uninculpated ; unharmed, 
secure. 

inopia, ae, f. (mops, needy). 
Want, need, destitution, poverty, in- 
digence. 

inquam, v. tr. def. G. 297, II. 
2. To say. 

in q nil in us, a, um, adj. (inqui- 
llnus, a sojourner). Possessing only 
residence, not a native citizen, of 
foreign birth. 

in-satiabilis, e, adj. (salio, to 
satiate). Insatiable, insatiate. 

insidiae, arum, f. pi. (insideo, to 
take a position). An ambush, am- 
buscade ; a plot, snare, intrigue. 

insigne, is, n. (insignis, remark- 
able). A distinctive mark, mark, 
badge, sign ; pi., badges or insignia 
of office. 



124 



INSOLENS — INTOLERANDUS 



in-solens, entis, adj. (soleo, to be 
wont). Contrary to custom ; un- 
accustomed, not habituated, unac- 
quainted. 

insolentia, ae, f. (insolens). 
Strangeness, unf amiliarity ; unusual 
or unwonted behavior ; insolence. 

in sole sco, ere, v. intr. incep. 
(insoleo, to be wont). To begin to 
be unusual ; to grow insolent, arro- 
gant, or overbearing. 

in-solitus, a, um, adj. (soleo, to 
be wont). Unwonted, unusual, un- 
familiar, uncommon ; insolitus in- 
cedit, rarely comes, xxxi. 

insomnia, ae, f. (insomnis, 
sleepless). Sleeplessness, want of 
sleep. 

in-sons, sontis, adj. Guiltless, 
innocent. 

in-stitno, ere, ui, utum, v. tr. 
(statuo). To place ; to order, settle, 
arrange, regulate j to organize. 

institfitum, £, n. (instituo). Cus- 
tom, habit, usage, mode of life, in- 
stitution. 

in-sto, are, stiti, stdtum, v. intr. 
(sto, to stand). To stand upon ; to 
press on, assault, assail vigorously, 
lx. ; to draw near, approach, be at 
hand. 

instrumentnm, i, n. (instruo). 
An instrument; pi., means, appli- 
ances. 

in-struo, ere, struxi, strudum, v. 
tr. (struo, to build). To build ; to 
arrange in order, draw up, array, 
marshal ; to equip, supply, furnish, 
provide. 

in-suesco, ere, suevi, suetum, v. 
intr. (suesco, to become accustomed). 
To accustom or habituate one's self, 
become accustomed. 



in-snm, esse, fui, v. intr. To be 

or exist in, reside. 

in-super, adv. (super, above). 
Above, on the top, overhead. 

in-teger, gra, grum, adj. (tango, 
to touch). Untouched ; unwounded, 
unhurt, not tired or exhausted, fresh. 

integritas, atis, f . (integer). In- 
tegrity, blamelessness. 

intellego, ere, lexi, ledum, v. tr. 
(inter, lego, to collect). To perceive, 
understand, know, comprehend, feel 
assured, observe. 

in-tempestus, a, um, adj. (tern- 
pus). Unseasonable ; hitempesta 
node, late at night. 

in-tendo, ere, di, turn or sum, v. 
tr. (tendo, to stretch). To stretch 
out, extend ; to put forth, exert. 

intentus, a, um, part, and adj. 
(intendo). Stretched ; intent, ener- 
getic, attentive, on the alert ; watch- 
ful, xvi. ; intent upon one's work, 
vi. ; careful, diligent. 

inter, prep, with acc. Between, 
among, amid, in the midst of ; inter 
se, G. 448, note. 

inter-dum, adv. Sometimes, oc- 
casionally, now and then, at times. 

inter-ea, adv. (is). Meanwhile, 
in the mean time. 

inter-eo, Ire, ii, xtum, v. intr. 
To be lost, perish, go to ruin, be de- 
stroyed. 

inter-ficio, ere, feci, fedum, v. 
tr. ( facio). To destroy, kill, slay, 
murder. 

inter-rogo, are, avi, atum, v. tr. 
To ask, question, interrogate ; to 
prosecute, accuse, xxxi. 

intestinus, a, um, adj. (intus, 
within). Intestine, civil, domestic. 

in-tolerandus, a, um, adj. (tole- 



INTRA — JUBEO 



125 



ro). Insupportable, intolerable, un- 
endurable. 

intra, prep, with acc. Within, 
in; during. 

intro, adv. In the inside, in- 
wardly. 

intro-diico, ere, duxi, ductum, 
v. tr. To lead or conduct within, 
introduce. 

intro-eo, ire, ii, itum, v. intr. To 
go in, enter ; introire ad, to go into 
the presence of, call upon, xxviii. 

in-ultus, a, um, adj. (ulciscor, to 
avenge). Unavenged. 

in-vado, ere, vasi, vdsum, v. intr. 
and tr. (vado, to go). To go into, 
rush in, come in, enter ; to fall upon, 
come upon, seize, take possession 
of, possess, befall. 

in-venio, Ire, vent, ventum, v. 
tr. To come upon; to find, meet, 
incur. 

in- video, ere, vldi, visum, v. intr. 
and tr. {video, to see). To look 
upon with envy ; to envy ; to deny 
success, lviii. 

invidia, ae, f. (invidus, envious). 
Envy, jealousy, hatred, unpopular- 
ity, malice. 

invisus, a, um, adj. (invideo). 
Odious, offensive, detested, hated. 

in Vitus, a, um, adj. Unwilling, 
reluctant, with regret. 

ipse, a, um, dem. pron. G. 186, 
V. Himself, herself, itself; he 
himself, etc. ; very ; in person, per- 
sonally. 

Ira, ae, f. Anger, wrath. 

Iracundia, ae, f . (iracundus, pas- 
sionate). Irascibility; anger, pas- 
sion, wrath, rage. 

irascor, i, v. dep. (Ira). To be 
angry or offended, indulge in anger. 



Iratus, a, um, adj. (irascor). An- 
gry, incensed, offended, displeased, 
ire. See eo. 

irrumpo, ere, rupi, ruptum, v. 
intr. (in, rumpo, to break). To force 
one's way, rush on, hasten forth. 

is, ea, id, dem. pron. He, she, 
it ; this, that ; such ; eo, on this ac- 
count, for this reason, hence ; eo with 
the comp. may often be rendered by 
the ; id loci, that or this place, xlv. 

iste, a, ud, dem. pron. (is). This, 
that, that of yours. G. 450, 1, note. 

ita, adv. (is). So, thus, as fol- 
lows ; in such a manner, to such a 
degree ; ita ut, just as. 

Italia, ae, f. Italy. 

ita-que, conj. And so, there- 
fore ; accordingly, hence. 

item, adv. (is). In like manner, 
likewise, also. 

iter, itineris, n. (eo). A journey, 
march; a way, route, road, path, 
course ; ex itinere, on the road, 
xxxiv. ; diversis itineribus, in dif- 
ferent places, l. ; magna itinera, 
forced marches, lvii. 

iterum, adv. (is). Besides; a 
second time, for the second time. 

iturus, a, um, part, from eo. 

j. 

jam, adv." At that time ; al- 
ready ; even ; jam turn, even then. 

janua, ae, f. An outer-door, 
house-door, gate, door. 

Januarius, a, um, adj. Of 
January. 

jocus, i, m., pi. joci, m., joca, n. 
A jest, joke ; sport ; jocum movere, 
to raise a laugh. 

jubeo, ere, jussi, jussum, v. tr. 



126 



JUDICIUM — LACESSO 



To order, command, bid, direct, give 
orders. 

judicium, m, n. ( judex, a judge). 
A judgment ; prosecution, trial ; 
sentence, decision; judicial power, 

XXIX. 

judico, are, avi, atum, v. tr. (jus, 
dlco). To pronounce a sentence or 
judgment ; to judge, adjudge ; to 
pronounce, declare, determine, de- 
cide. 

jugulo, are, avi, atum, v. tr. 
(jugulum, the throat). To cut the 
throat ; to kill, slay, murder. 

Julius, ii, m. C. Julius, one of 
Catiline's accomplices, xxvu. 

jungo, ere, junxi, junctum, v. tr. 
To join, connect together, fasten 
together ; to construct, compose, 

LV. 

Junius, ii, m. D. Junius Sila- 
nus, consul 62 B. C, l. 

Junius, a, um, adj. Of June. 

jurandum, i, n. (juro^ to swear). 
See jus. 

jurgium, ii, n. (jurgo, to dis- 
pute). A dispute ; a quarrel, strife. 

jus, juris, n. Right, that which 
is right ; human law ; privilege, law, 
justice ; power> authority, jurisdic- 
tion; jure, by right, justly. Jus 
jurandum, juris jurandi, n., G. 126, 
an oath, a solemn pledge or engage- 
ment. 

jus-jiirandum, jurisjurandi, n. 
G. 126. An oath, a solemn pledge 
or engagement. 

jussi. See jubeo. 

jussu, m., used only in all. sing, 
(jubeo). By or with the command 
or order; sine jussu, without the 
command or order. 

jussus, a, um, part, from jubeo. 



justitia, ae, f. (justus). Justice, 
fair dealing, uprightness. 

justus, a, um, adj. (jus). Just, 
fair. 

juventus, utis, f . (juvenisjoung). 
The age of youth, youth ; young per- 
sons, the youth, the young, young 
men. 

juxta, adv. Close, adjoining; 
equally, alike, without distinction; 
juxta ac, just as, xxxvu. ; juxta 
mecum, as well as I, lviii. ; juxta 
parcere, to spare alike, be alike un- 
sparing of, LXI. 

K. 

Kalendae, arum, f. pi. The 
Calends, the first day of the month. 

Karthaginiensis, is, m. and f. 
(Karthago). A Carthaginian. 

Karthago, mis, f. Carthage. 

L. 

Ii. Abbr. for Lucius. 

labor, oris, m. Labor, toil, hard- 
ship, fatigue, effort, exertion, work. 

laboro, are, avi, atum, v. intr. 
(labor). To toil, labor, exert one's 
self, strive ; to be hard pressed, be 
in distress, difficulty or danger, lx. 

JLacedaemonius, ii, m. (Lace- 
daemon). A Lacedaemonian or Spar- 
tan, a citizen of Lacedaemon or 
Sparta, the capital of Laconia in 
Greece, n., ei. 

lacero, are, avi, atum, v. tr. 
(lacer, torn). To tear, mangle ; to 
waste, dissipate, squander, xiv. 

lacesso, ere, ivi or ii, itum, v. tr. 
To excite, provoke, exasperate; to 
attack, assail. 



LAECA — LIBER 



127 



Laeca, ae, m. M. Porcius Laeca, 
a confederate of Catiline, xvn., 

XXVII. 

laetitia, ac, f. {1 actus). Joy, 
gladness, delight, exultation. 

laetor, ari, dtus sum, v. dep. 
(laetus). To rejoice, exult. 

laetus, a, um, adj. Joyful, joy- 
ous, glad. 

laeva, ae, f. (laevus, left). The 
left hand, the left. 

iancea, ae, f . A light spear,lance. 

langueo, ere, langui, v. intr. To 
be weak or languid ; to be inactive 
or inefficient, xliii. ; to give indica- 
tions of weakness, lii. 

lapideus, a, um, adj. {lapis, a 
stone). Of stone, stone. 

laqueus, i, m. A noose, halt- 
er ; laqueo gulam f ranger c, to stran- 
gle, LV. 

lar, laris, m. A household god ; 
a home ; lar familiaris, a home. 

large, largius, largissime, adv. 
(largus, bountiful). Bountifully, 
liberally; profusely, xvi. 

largior, iri, litis sum, v. dep. 
(largus, bountiful). To give bounti- 
fully, bestow, give, give away, make 
gifts or presents ; to give largesses, 
bribe. 

largitio, onis, f. (largior). A 
giving, bestowal; bribery, corrup- 
tion. 

lascivia, ae, f. (lasclvus, playful). 
Playfulness ; joyousness, gaiety. 

lassitude, mis, f . (lassus, weary), 
Weariness, fatigue, exhaustion. 

Latinus, a, um, adj. (Latium). 
Latin, in the Latin language. 

latro, onis, m. A robber, bandit, 
brigand. 

latus, eris, n. The side, flank. 



latus, a, um, part, from / ero. 

laudo, arc, dvi, atum, v. tr. {lam). 
To praise, commend. 

laus, laudis, f. Praise, glory, re- 
nown, fame, commendation, honor, 
reputation ; worth, prowess. 

lectus, a, um, part, and adj. {lego). 
Chosen, select, excellent. Lecti, 
picked men, lix. 

legatus, i, m. {lego, to send as 
ambassador). An ambassador, agent, 
representative, envoy; lieutenant ; 
a governor of a province, governor, 

XLII. 

legio, onis, f. {lego). A legion, 
a body of soldiers consisting of ten 
cohorts of infantry and a division 
of cavalry ; an armed and organized 
force, army, legion, lih. 

legitimus, a, um, adj. (lex). Le- 
gal ; prescribed or appointed by law, 
xviii. ; regulated by law, vi. 

lego, ere, legi, ledum, v. tr. To 
bring together, collect ; to choose, 
select ; to read. 

lenio, ire, Ivi or ii, Hum, v. tr. 
(lenis, mild). To make soft; to 
moderate, reduce, diminish, remove, 
xxii. ; to appease, propitiate, calm, 
tranquillize, xlviii. 

Lentulus, i, m. 1. P. Lentulus 
Spinther, aedile 63 B. C, xlvii. — 
2. P. Cornelius Lentulus Sura, a 
partisan of Catiline, xvn., etc. 

Lepidus, i, m. M. Lepidus, 
consul 66 B. C, xviii. 

lepor and lepos, oris, m. At- 
tractiveness, charm ; pleasantry, wit, 
humor. 

levis, e, adj. Light, mild. 

lex, legis, f. (lego). A law, ordi- 
nance, statute, bill. 

liber, era, erum, adj. Free, un- 



128 



LIBER — LUXURIOSE 



restrained, independent ; libera cus- 
todia, free or private custody, con- 
finement in one's house or in the 
house of some prominent citizen, 
xlvii. Liber, eri, m., a free man, xxx. 

liber, bri, m. A book, work, 
treatise. 

liberalis, e, adj. {liber). Liberal, 
noble, generous. 

liberalifas, atis, f. (liberalis). 
Generosity, liberality; kindness, mu- 
nificence. 

liberaliter, adv. (liberalis). Gen- 
erously, bountifully, liberally. 

liberi, orum, m. pi. (liber). Chil- 
dren. 

libero, are, avi, a turn, v. tr. 
(liber). To free, liberate, release, 
extricate, deliver. 

llbertas, atis, f. (liber). Free- 
dom, liberty. 

libertus, i, m. (libero). A freed- 
man. 

libet, ere, Wbuit or Ubitum est, v. ' 
impers. It pleases, is pleasing or 
agreeable; ciijus rei libet, see qui- 
libet 

libldinose, adv. (libidindsus, 
capricious). According to one's will, 
at pleasure. 

libido, mis, f. (libet). Desire, 
eagerness, inclination ; passion, wan- 
tonness, caprice, pleasure ; lust ; ex- 
travagance. 

licentia, ae, i. (licet). License, 
freedom, power; alia aliis licentia 
est, one degree of license is allowed 
to one party, another to another, li. 

licet, ere, licuit or licitum est, v. 
impers. It is lawful, allowable, per- 
mitted ; one may or can. 

Llcinius, ii, m. M. Licinius 
Crassus, a wealthy Roman citizen 



of high rank, distinguished in war 
and in political life, xvn. 

lingua, ae, f. The tongue; 
speech, language. 

littera, ae, f. A letter of the 
alphabet ; pi., letters of the alpha- 
bet ; an epistle, letter ; letters, lite- 
rature. 

loco, are, avi, atum, v. tr. (locus). 
To place, set, locate. 

locuples, etis, adj. Rich, wealthy, 
opulent. 

locus, i, m., pi. loci, m., and loca, 
n. A place, spot, locality, point; 
a post, position; room, occasion, 
opportunity ; condition, rank, sta- 
tion, xxiii. ; id loci, this place, xlv. 

locutus, a, urn, part, from loquor, 

longe, longius, longissime, adv. 
(longus). At a distance, far off, far 
away, far ; for a long time, long. 

Ijonginus, i, m. L. Cassius 
Longinus, a senator, one of Catiline's 
accomplices, xvn. 

longus, a, urn, adj. Long. 

loquor, i, locutus sum, v. dep. 
To speak, utter, say. 

Lucius, ii, m. Lucius, a Roman 
praenomen. 

luctudsus, a, urn, adj. (luctus). 
Sorrowful, mournful, sad, woful. 

luctus, us, m. (lugeo, to mourn). 
Grief, sorrow, mourning, woe. 

luculentus, a, um, adj. (lux, 
light). Bright ; excellent, brilliant. 

ludibrium, ii, n. (ludo, to play), 
A mocking, mockery, derision ; sport, 
a subject for sport. 

luxuria, ae, f. (luxus). Extra- 
vagance, luxury, excess; luxurious 
habits. 

luxuriose, adv. (luxuriosus, lux- 
urious). Luxuriously, in luxury. 



LUXUS— MANLIUS 



129 



luxus, us, m. Excess, extrava- 
gance, luxury, debauchery, indul- 
gence. 

M. 

M. Abbr. for Marcus. 

M\ Abbr. for Martins. 

Macedonicus, a, wm, adj. (Ma- 
cedones, Macedonians). Macedonian ; 
helium Macedonicum, the Macedo- 
nian war in which L. Aemilius Paul- 
lus conquered Perses, king of Mace- 
donia, 168 B. ft, li. 

machinor, ari, atus sum, v. dep. 
(machma, a device). To contrive, 
devise, design, plot, fabricate. 

maeror, ons, m. (maereo, to 
mourn). Mourning, sadness, grief, 
lamentation, sorrow. 

magis, maxime, adv. More, 
rather, better, higher ; magis prope- 
rare, to make greater haste. 

magistratus, us, m. (magister, a 
master), A magisterial office, office, 
magistracy ; a magistrate, officer, 
governor; in magistrate, while in 
office. 

magnifice, adv. (magnificus). 
Magnificently ; sumptuously, richly, 
xvii. ; with lofty eloquence, li. 

magnificus, a, urn, adj. G. 1 64. 
(magnus, facio). Noble, distin- 
guished, eminent, glorious, magni- 
ficent, grand, splendid. 

magnitude-, mis, f. (magnus). 
Greatness, size, magnitude, impor- 
tance; power, strength. 

magnus, a, urn, major, maximus, 
adj. Great, large, important, valu- 
able ; magna frequentia, a full at- 
tendance ; magna itinera, forced 
marches, lvii. Ma j ores, ancestors. 

major, us. See magnus. 



male, pejus, pessimc, adv. (malus). 
Badly, ill ; male consulere, to carry 
out bad counsels, li. 

male die turn, i, n. (maledico, to 
revile). A foul accusation, slander- 
ous story, reproach. 

malefactum, i, n. (malefdcio, to 
do evil). An evil deed, misdeed. 

malef icium, ii, n. (maleficus, 
wicked). An evil deed, crime, of- 
fence, misdeed. 

malevolentia, ae, f. (malcvo- 
lens, malevolent). Ill-will, envy, 
malevolence, malice. 

malo, matte, malui, v. tr. G. 
293. (magis, volo, to wish). To 
choose rather, prefer. 

malum, i, n. (malus). An evil, 
ill, misfortune, calamity, danger, 
difficulty ; malum publicum, the cor- 
rupt state of public affairs, xxxvn. 

malus, a, um, pejor, pessimus, 
adj. Bad, evil, wicked, depraved; 
destructive, injurious ; unfortunate, 
mistaken ; venenum malum, poison, 
xi. Mali, criminals, xlviii. 

mandatum, i, n. (mando). A 
charge, order, commission, mes- 
sage. 

mando, are, avi, alum, v. tr. 
(manus, do). To commit to one's 
charge ; to order, command, bid ; to 
consign, intrust, confer. 

manifestos, a, um, adj. Mani- 
fest ; convicted, detected. 

Manius, ii, m. Manius, a Ro- 
man praenomen. 

Manlianus, a, um, adj. (Man- 
lius). Of Manlius, Manlian. 

Manlius, ii, m. 1. T. Manlius 
Torquatus, thrice consul and once 
dictator in the third century B. C, 
Lii. — 2. C. Manlius, one of the most 



130 MANSUETUDO 

active of Catiline's accomplices, 
xxiv., etc. 

mansuetudo, mis, f. (mansue- 
ius, mild). Mildness, gentleness, 
clemency. 

man us, us, f . A hand ; action ; 
labor, xxxvu. ; an armed body, 
force, band ; in manu, in one's 
hands, xx. ; aequa manu, on equal 
terms, with equal advantage, xxxix. 

Marcius, ii, m. Q. Marcius 
Rex, a Roman general employed in 
quelling the conspiracy of Catiline, 
xxx., XXXIII., xxxiv. 

Marcus, i, m. Marcus, a Roman 
praenomen. 

mare, is, n. A sea. 

maritimus, a, um, adj. {mare). 
Maritime; helium maritimum, the 
maritime war, the war with the 
pirates of the Mediterranean, 67 
B. C, xxxix. 

Marias, ii, m. C. Marius, a cele- 
brated Roman general, lix. 

Massilia, ae, f. Marseilles. 

mater, tris, f . A mother, matron. 

materies, ei, f. (mater). Mate- 
rial ; the occasion, source, cause. 

mature, adv. (maturus, mature). 
Seasonably ; speedily, quickly, soon, 
promptly, rapidly ; mature facto, 
prompt execution, I. 

maturo, are, dvi, dtum, v. tr. 
and intr. (maturus, mature). To 
mature ; to forward, hasten, accele- 
rate ; maturare dare, to be prema- 
ture in giving, give prematurely, 

XVIII. 

Mauritania, ae, f. (Mauri, 
Moors). Mauritania, a country of 
Africa on the coast of the Mediter- 
ranean, XXI. 

maxime, adv. sup. (magis). Most, 



— METELLUS 

chiefly, especially, principally, most 
fully ; quam maxime longus, a3 long 
as possible, I. 

maximus, a, um. See magnus. 
me dius f idius, adv. (— me 
dias fidius juvet, may the true God 
help me). Most truly, certainly, 
indeed. 

medius, a, um, adj. In the 
middle or midst, in the middle of, 
middle ; stationed in the centre, lxi. ; 
medii hostes, the midst of the ene- 
my, lx. ; in medio, unsettled, xix. 

me-hercules, adv. In very 
truth, assuredly, indeed. 

memini, isse, v. tr. def. G. 297, 
I. To remember, recollect, bear in 
mind. 

memor, oris, adj. (memini). 
Mindful, remembering. 

memorabilis, e, adj. (memor o). 
Memorable, remarkable. 

memoria, ae, f. (memor). Mem- 
ory, recollection, remembrance ; the 
period of recollection, time. 

memor o, are, dvi, atum, v. tr. 
(memor). To remind; to mention, 
recount, relate, tell, speak of, narrate. 

mens, mentis, f . The mind, soul, 
disposition, feeling. 

mentior, iri, Itus sum, v. dep. 
To lie, state falsely, fabricate. 

merces, edis, f. (mereo, to earn). 
Pay, wages, reward. 

mercor, ari, dtus sum, v. dep. 
(merx, merchandise). To traffic ; to 
buy, purchase. 

merito, adv. (meritum, merit). 
According to desert, deservedly, 
justly. 

Me tell us, i, m. 1. Q. Metellus, 
surnamed Creticus for his victories 
in Crete, a Roman general employed 



METIOR — MODESTIA 



131 



in quelling the conspiracy of Cati- 
line, xxx. — 2. Q. Metellus Celer, 
praetor 63 B. C, xxx., xlii., lvii. 

metior, iri, mensus sum, v. dep. 
To measure, estimate, judge, con- 
sider. 

metuo, ere, ui, v. tr. (mctus). To 
fear, dread, apprehend. 

metus, its, m. Fear, dread, terror, 
meus, a, um, poss. pron. adj. 
G. 185, note 1. (me.) My. 

miles, itic, m. and f. A soldier. 

militaris, c, adj. (miles). Of or 
belonging to a soldier, military, war- 
like ; res militaris, military affairs. 

militia, ae, f. (miles). Military 
service, warfare. 

mille, pi. millia or milia, turn, 
n. subs, and adj. A thousand. 

snMme, adv. sup. (parum). 
Least of all, least, by no means. 

minimus, a, um. See parvus. 

minitor, art, atus sum, v. dep. 
freq. (minor). To threaten, menace. 

minor, ari, atus sum, v. dep. To 
threaten, menace. 

minor, us, adj. comp. (parvus). 
Smaller, less, less important ; inad- 
equate, LI. 

minuo, ere, ui, utum, v. tr. To 
make less, diminish, lessen; to 
weaken, impair. 

minus, adv. comp. (parum). 
Less ; not ; quo minus, that not. 

imror, ari, atus sum, v. dep. To 
admire; to wonder or marvel at, 
be astonished at. 

mlrus, a, um, adj. (miror). Won- 
derful, marvelous, extraordinary, 
strange. 

misceo, ere, miscui, mistum or 
mixtum, v. tr. To mix; to throw 
into confusion, disturb ; miscere 



omnia, to produce general confu- 
sion, x. 

miser, era, erum, adj. Wretched, 
unfortunate, pitiable, miserable. 

miserabilis, e, adj. (miseror). 
Deplorable, lamentable, unfortunate. 

misereor, eri, itus sum, v. dep. 
{miser). To pity. 

miseria, ae, f. (miser). Wretch- 
edness, misfortune, misery ; ruin, 
lii. ; trouble, fatigue, iv. 

misgricordia, ae, f. (misericors). 
Pity, compassion, mercy, clemency. 

misericors, cordis, adj. (mise- 
reor, cor, heart). Compassionate, 
merciful. 

miseror,- ccri, atus sum, v. dep. 
(miser). To lament, deplore, bewail ; 
to pity. 

missus, a, um, part, from mitto. 

Mithridaticus, a, um, adj. 
(Mithridatcs). Pertaining to Mithri- 
dates, Mithridatic ; Mithridaticum 
helium, the Mithridatic War waged 
by the Romans against Mithridates, 
king of Pontus in Asia Minor, 
xxxix. 

mitto, ere, misi, missum, v. tr. 
To send, dispatch. 

mo bill t as, atis, f. (mobilis, mova- 
ble). Movableness ; impulsiveness ; 
mobilitas animi, excitable feedings, 

XLIX. 

moderatus, a, um, part, and 
adj. (moderor). Restricted ; mod- 
erate ; nihil moderati habere, not to 
regard, to have no moderation, xn. 
See note on p. 7, line 14. 

moderor, ari, atus sum, v. dep. 
(modus). To set bounds, limit, re- 
strict, moderate ; to manage, regu- 
late, rule, govern, direct. 

mode st ia, ae, f. (modestus). Mod- 



132 



MODESTUS— MUNIO 



esty, discreetness, propriety, honor ; 
moderation, forbearance. 

modestus, a, um, adj. (modus). 
Modest, discreet, virtuous, moral. 

modo, adv. (modus). Only, just, 
merely ; provided, if only, xxxix. ; 
modo . . . modo, now . . . now, 
xv. ; tantum modo, only ; non modo 
. . . sed, not only . . . but. 

modus, i, m. Measure, extent, 
limit ; moderation ; way, manner, 
method, style, kind, character ; quo- 
nam modo, how; in modum, like, 

XII. 

moenia, ium, n. pi. Defensive 
walls, city walls ; a city ; una moe- 
nia, the walls of a single city. 

molior, iri, itus sum, v. dep. 
(moles, a heap). To endeavor, at- 
tempt, undertake; to devise, con- 
trive, plot. 

mollio, ire, ivi or ii, Hum, v. tr. 
(mollis). To soften ; to effeminate, 
enervate, xi. 

mollis, e, adj. (moveo). Soft, 
tender, pliant, yielding, xiv. ; tender, 
gentle, agreeable, pleasant, xxv. 

molliter, adv. (mollis). Softly, 
delicately, voluptuously, luxuriously. 

mollitia, ae, f. (mollis). Soft- 
ness; weakness, feebleness, timid- 
ity, irresolution. 

moneo, ere, ui, itum, v. tr. To 
remind ; to admonish, advise, warn ; 
to instruct, counsel. 

mons, montis, m. A mountain. 

mora, ae, f. Delay. 

morbus, i, m. A disease, dis- 
order, malady. 

mors, mortis, f. (morior, to die). 
Death. 

mortalis, is, m. (mors). A mor- 
tal, human being, man; quis mor- 



talium, what man ? xx. ; quisquam 
mortalium, any man, LI. 

mos, moris, m. Will ; usage, 
custom, practice ; manner, way, vi. ; 
virorum more, like men, lviii. ; pi. 
character, morals ; institutions. 

motus, us, m. (moveo). A mo- 
tion ; a commotion, tumult, disturb- 
ance, alarm. 

moveo, ere, movi, molum, v. tr. 
To move, set in motion ; to remove, 
lvi., lvii. ; to turn out, expel, xxiii. ; 
to ponder, meditate ; to excite, un- 
dertake, attempt ; jocum movere, to 
raise a laugh, xxv. ; quieta movere, 
to disturb the peace, xxi. 

muliebris, e, adj. (mulier). Of 
a woman ; womanish, unmanly, lii. 

mulier, eris, f. A woman. 

multitude, mis, f. (multus). A 
great number, multitude ; a number, 
body, band, or party of men, xxvu., 
xlv. ; a mob, rabble. 

multo, adv. (multus). By far, 
much. 

multum, plus, plurimum, adv. 
{multus). Much, greatly. 

multus, a, um, plus, plurimm, 
adj. G. 165, note 1. Much; many; 
multa, earnestly, XL v. 

Mulvius, a, um, adj. Mulvian ; 
pons Mulvius, the Mulvian bridge, 
three miles from the Roman Forum, 
by which the Flaminian Way lead- 
ing from Rome north to Ariminum 
crossed the Tiber. 

municipium, ii, n. (municeps, a 
citizen). A free town, municipal 
town, municipality. 

munif icentia, ae, f . (munificus, 
bountiful). Bountifulness, muni- 
ficence. 

munio, ire, lvi or ii, Hum, v. tr. 



MUNITUS— NEQUE 



133 



(moenia). To wall ; to protect, de- 
fend, secure, cover; to surround, 
encompass. 

munltus, a, um, part, and adj. 
(munio). Fortified, protected, de- 
fended. 

munus, eris, n. An office, duty ; 
a present, gift ; pi. festivals, games, 
public shows. 

Mure n a, ae, m. C. Murena, 
governor of Cisalpine Gaul 63 B. C, 

XLII. 

mums, i, m. A wall, rampart. 

muto, are, dvi, dtum, v. tr. 
(moveo). To move ; to alter, 
change ; to exchange. 

mutuus, a, um, adj. (muto). Mu- 
tual; borrowed; sumptus mutuus, 
hired, xxiv. 

N. 

nactus, a, um, part, from nan- 
ciscor. 

nam, conj. For. 

nam-que, conj. For indeed, for. 

nanciscor, i, 7iactus sum, v. dep. 
To get, obtain, acquire. 

narro, are, dvi, atum, v. tr. 
(ndrus, knowing). To tell, relate, 
narrate, recount, report. 

nascor, i, natus sum, v. dep. To 
be born. 

natio, onis, f . (nascor). A birth ; 
a race, nation, people, tribe. 

natiira, ae, f. (nascor). Nature ; 
natural disposition, character, incli- 
nation ; natura, from choice, ix. 

natus, a, wm, part, from nascor. 

navigo, are, dvi, dtum, v. intr. 
(ndvis, a ship, ago). To sail, go by 
ship, navigate. 

ne, adv. and conj. Not, so that 
not ; only not, lxl ; much less, xi. 



ne, interrog. particle, enclitic. G. 
351, 1, note 1. Whether. 

ne, adv. and inter j. Indeed, 
truly, yes, lii. 

nec, conj. See nZque. 

necessarius, a, um, adj. (neccsse). 
Necessary, needful, indispensable. 

necesse, adj., used only in nom. 
and ace, n. sing, (ne, cedo). Neces- 
sary. 

necessitudo, inis, f. (necesse). 
Necessity, need, want, distress. 

neco, are, dvi, dtum, v. tr. To 
kill, put to death, murder. 

ne-fandus, a, um, adj. (fdri, to 
speak). Heinous, execrable, wicked, 
abominable, vile. 

nef arius, a, um, adj. (ne, fas). 
Impious, abominable, heinous, wick- 
ed, outrageous. 

neglegentia, ae, f. (neglegens, 
negligent). Neglect, carelessness, 
negligence. 

neglego, ere, lexi, ledum, v. tr. 
(nec, lego). Not to heed ; to slight, 
neglect, disregard. 

negotior, dri, dtus sum, v. dep. 
(negotium). To carry on business, 
to trade, traffic. 

negotiosus, a, um, adj. (nego- 
tium). Full of business, busy, de- 
voted to business, occupied. 

negotium, it, n. (nec, otium). 
Business, occupation, affair, part, 
task ; an undertaking, enterprise ; 
difficulty, trouble, labor ; ncgotia 
privata, personal business relations, 
private matters of business, xlviii. ; 
atrox negotium, a case of great peril. 

nemo, mis, m. and f. G. 457, 
2. (ne, homo). No one, nobody ; 
nemo bonus, no good man, xxxiii. 

ne-que or nec, conj. and adv. 



134 



NEQUEO — NOVO 



And not, but not, nor ; neque . . . 
neque, neither . . . nor; neque . . . 
et, both, not . . . and, xxxn. 

ne-queo, ire, Ivi or ii, %tum, v. 
intr. Not to be able, to be unable ; 
nequeo, I cannot. 

ne-quiqnam, adv. (quisquam). 
In vain, to no purpose. 

Nero, onis, m. Ti. Claudius Nero, 
a senator, grandfather of the em- 
peror Tiberius, l. 

ne-ve or neu, conj. (ve, or). And 
not, and that not, nor. 

ni, adv. and conj. Not ; if not, 
unless. 

nihil, n. indecl., and nihilum, 

i, n. Nothing ; not, in no respect, 
not at all ; auxilii nihil, no help, no 
aid, xl., nihil reliqui facer e, to leave 
nothing, xxviii. ; nihil sane, not at 
all, xvi. ; nihilo minus, none the less, 
no less, nevertheless, still, yet, xvi., 
xxvi. ; nihil pensi neque moderati 
habere, not to value or regard, to 
have no consideration or moderation. 
See note on p. 1, line 14. 

nlmis, adv. Too much, too great- 
ly, too. 

ni-si, conj. If not, unless, except. 

nitor, i, nlsus or nixus sum, v. 
dep. To rest upon ; to exert one's 
self, endeavor, strive ; to press for- 
ward, advance. 

Nobilior, oris, m. M. Fulvius 
Nobilior, a knight, one of Catiline's 
accomplices, xvn. 

nobilis, e, adj. (nosco). Known, 
noted, distinguished; high-born, of 
noble birth, noble. Nobilis, is, m., 
a nobleman, noble, xvn. 

nobilitas, atis, f. (nobilis). Cele- 
brity, renown; the nobility, the 
nobles, xxxviii., xliii. 



nocturnns, a, um, adj. (nox). 
Nocturnal, by night, nightly, in the 
night. 

nolo, nolle, nolui, v. tr. and intr. 
G. 293. (ne, void). To be unwilling, 
not to wish ; nolite existimare, do not 
think, lii., G. 489, 1. 

nomen, tnis, n. (nosco). A name, 
title, designation; a race, nation, 
people, lii. ; a pretext, pretence, 
account, reason, motive ; aes alienum 
meis nominibus — alienis nominibus, 
my debts — debts of others, xxxv. 

nommo, are, avi, dtum, v. tr. 
(nomen). To name, call by name, 
state, mention ; to accuse, xlix. 

Don, adv. Not ; non quo, not 
that, not because, xxxrv. 

Nonae, arum, f. pi. (nonus, 
ninth). The nones; the seventh 
day of March, May, July, and Octo- 
ber, of other months the fifth day. 

non-dam, adv. Not yet. 

non-ne, interrog. particle. G. 
351, 1, note 2. Not? 

non-Bullns, a, um, adj. Some. 

nosco, ere, novi, notum, v. tr. 
G. 297, 1. 2. To become acquainted 
with ; to know. 

n os-met. See G. 184, 3. 

noster, tra, trum, poss. pron. 
adj. (nos). Our. 

notus, a, um, part, and adj. 
(nosco). Known, familiar. 

nove, novissime, adv. Of late, 
recently. 

November, bris, adj. (novem, 
nine). Of November. 

novi. See nosco. 

novitas, atis, f . (novus). Novelty; 
strangeness, peculiarity, iv. 

novo, are, avi, atum, v. tr. (novus). 
To make new ; to adopt a new plan, 



NOVUS— OBVIAM 



135 



resort to some new attempt, lv. ; to 
effect a political revolution, change 
the existing government, xxxix. 

novus, a, um, adj. New ; tabu- 
lae novae, new accounts, a reduction 
of indebtedness, xxi. ; homo novus, 
a new man, the first man ennobled 
in his family, xxni. ; novae res, a 
revolution. 

nox, noctis, f. Night. 

nubo, ere, psi, ptum, v. intr. To 
cover, veil ; to marry, xv. 

Nucerlnus, i, m. (Nuceria). A 
Nucerian, a citizen of Nuceria, a city 
in Campania, now Nocera, xxi. 

nullus, a, um, adj. G. 151. (ne, 
ullus). Not any, no. 

numerus, i, m. A number; ex 
suo numero, from among his men, 
some of his followers, xxxm. ; ex 
oo numero, of their number, of them, 
xlii. ; numero explere, to fill with 
the full number, lvi. 

nunc, adv. Now. 

nunquam, adv. (ne, unquam, 
ever). Never, at no time. 

nuntio, are, avi, atum, v. tr. 
(nuntius). To announce, report, 
make known. 

nuntius, ii, m. A messenger, 
courier ; news, tidings. 

nuptiae, anim, f. pi. (nubo). 
Marriage, wedding, nuptials. 

nusquam, adv. (ne, usquam, any- 
where). Nowhere. 

o. 

6b, prep, with acc. Toward; 
on account of, in consideration of ; 
quam 6b rem, wherefore, xxxv. 

oblatus, a, um, part, from ojfero. 



obllviscor, i, oblitus sum, v. dep. 
To forget. 

ob-noxius, a, um, adj. (noxa, 
harm). Liable to harm ; addicted 
to, guilty of ; subject to, submissive, 
obedient, complying, obliging; ob- 
liged, under obligation, indebted, be- 
holden. 

dboediens, entis, adj. (oboedio, 
to obey). Obeying, obedient ; veniri 
oboediens, a slave to appetite, i. 

obscuro, are, avi, atum, v. tr. 
(obscurus). To cover, obscure, hide, 
conceal. 

obscurus, a, um, adj. Covered ; 
obscure, ignoble, low; in obscuro, 
in obscurity. 

ob-sideo, ere, sedi, sessum, v. tr. 
(sedeo, to sit). To sit down before, 
invest, blockade, besiege, beset, lay 
siege to. 

ob-sldo, ere, v. tr. (sido, to sit). 
To invest, blockade, take a position 
on or near. 

obstinatus, a, um, &d].(obstino,to 
be resolved). Resolute, determined ; 
inflexible, stubborn, obstinate. 

ob-sto, are, stiti, statum, v. intr. 
(sto, to stand). To stand against or 
in the way of, oppose ; to prevent, 
hinder ; to excuse, lii. 

ob-strepo, ere, strepui, strepitum, 
v. intr. and tr. (strepo, to make a 
noise). To cry out against, shout, 
interrupt with shouts. 

ob-testor, ari, atus sum, v. dep. 
To testify; to conjure, beseech, en- 
treat, supplicate, implore. 

ob-tineo, ere, thiui, tentum, v. tr. 
(teneo, to hold). To hold ; to pre- 
serve, keep up, maintain. 

obtuli. See offero. 

obviam, adv. (obvius, meeting). 



136 



CC ASIO. — OPUS 



In the way, in order to meet; ob- 
viam ire, to go to meet ; to encount- 
er, contend against, vi. 

occasio, dnis, f . (occido, to fall). 
An occasion, opportunity; per oc- 
casionem, when the opportunity of- 
fered, LI. 

occasus, us, m. (occido, to fall). 
The going down, setting; occasus 
soils, the west, xxxyi. 

occido, ere, cidi, cisum, v. tr. 
(ob, caedo, to cut). To strike or cut 
down, kill, slay. 

occulte, adv. (occultus). Secretly, 
privately. 

occulto, are, dvi, dtum, v. tr. 
freq. (occulo, to hide). To hide, 
conceal, keep secret. 

occultus, a, um, adj. (occulo, to 
hide). Hidden, concealed, secret. 

occupo, are, dvi, dtum, v. tr. 
(ob, capio). To seize, take posses- 
sion of. 

octo, num. adj. indecl. Eight. 

ociilus, 2, m. An eye ; in ocidis, 
before one's eyes, xx. 

odi, odisse, v. tr. def. G. 297, I. 
To hate, detest. 

odium, ii, n. (odi). Hatred, dis- 
pleasure, detestation. 

odor, oris, m. A smell, odor ; a 
foul odor, stench. 

offero, ferre, obtuli, obldtum, v. 
tr. (ob, fero). To present, offer ; to 
bring before, bring forward. 

officio, ere, feci, fectum, v. intr. 
(ob,fdcio). To obstruct; to stand 
in the way, oppose, hinder. 

off icium, ii, n. A service ; duty, 
office, employment, business. 

omitto, ere, rnisi, missum, v. tr. 
(ob, mitto). To let go, lay aside, 
pass by. 



I omnlno, adv. (omnis). Altogeth- 
er, wholly, entirely, universally, 
omuis, e, adj. All, every, 
onus, eris, n. A burden, load; 
trouble. 

opera, ac, f. (opus, work). Pains, 
service, cooperation ; operae pre- 
Hum, worth while ; dare operam, to 
take pains, see to it, xxix., xli., li. 

opifex, zcis, m. and f. (opus, 
work,/acio). A workman, mechanic, 
artisan. 

opitulor, dri, dim sum, v. dep. 
(ops, tulo, to bear). To help, aid, 
assist, succor. 

opperior, Iri, peritus or pertus 
sum, v. dep. To wait for, await. 

opportunus, a, um, adj. Fit, 
meet, suitable, seasonable, oppor- 
tune ; advantageous, serviceable. 

opprimo, ere, pressi, pressum, v. 
tr. (ob, premo, to press). To press 
against ; to crush, overpower, over- 
whelm ; to fall upon, surprise, seize, 
overtake. 

oppugno, are, dvi, alum, v. tr. 
(ob, pugno). To attack, assault, as- 
sail. 

ops, opis, f. G. 133, 1. Power, 
strength ; aid, assistance, help ; pi., 
ability ; means, wealth, resources. 

optimus, a, um, adj. sup. {bonus). 
Best, most excellent, most distin- 
guished. 

opto, are, dvi, dtum, v. tr. To 
choose ; to desire, hope. 

opiilentia, ae, f. (opulentus). 
Riches, wealth, opulence ; resources, 
power. 

opulentus, a, um, adj. (ops). 
Rich, wealthy, opulent; powerful, 
of abundant resources or means. 

opus, n. indecl. Need, neces- 



ORATIO— PATEFACIO 



137 



sity ; opus est, it is necessary ; mihi 
opus est, I have need. 

oratio, dnis, f. (oro). A speech, 
language, harangue, oration, words, 
discourse, address. 

or bis, is, m. A circle ; terrarum 
orhis, the world, the earth, viii. 

ordo, inis, m. Order ; rank, 
class, body; ordine, in due order, 
properly, without disorder or excite- 
ment, LI. 

Orestilla, ae, f. Aurelia Ores- 
tilla, wife of Catiline, xy., xxxv. 

orior, ortus sum, v. dep. To 
rise, arise, proceed; to spring, de- 
scend, have one's origin, be born 

XXXI. 

oro, are, avi, atum, v. tr. (os, the 
mouth). To speak; to pray, beg, 
beseech, entreat, implore. 

ortus, a, um$ part, from orior. 

ortus, us, m. {prior). The rising ; 
ortus solis, the east, xxxvi. 

ostendo, ere, di, sum or turn, v. 
tr. (ob, tendo, to stretch). To show, 
exhibit, expose, disclose ; to declare, 
make known, say, tell. 

dtium, ii, n. Leisure, ease, rest, 
repose, quiet, peace, tranquillity. 

r>. 

P. Abbr. for Publius. 

pactio, dnis, f. (paciscor, to bar- 
gain). An agreement, bargain, com- 
pact. 

par, parts, adj. Equal, like, simi- 
lar; par similisque,ipTec\se\j like,xiv. 

paratus, a, um, part, and adj. 
(paro). Prepared, ready, equipped ; 
willing. 

parco, ere, pepcrci or parsi, par- 
citum or parsum,v. intr. (parous). 



To spare; to regard, have regard 
for ; juxta parcere, to be alike un- 
sparing of, LXI. 

parous, a, um, adj. Scanty ; 
sparing, thrifty, frugal, economical. 

parens, entis, m. and f. (pario). 
A father or a mother, parent. 

pareo, ere, ui, %tum, v. intr. To 
appear ; to obey ; to be subject to, 
be dependent on ; to submit to, com- 
ply with, indulge, gratify, yield to. 

paries, etis, m. A wall. 

pario, ere, peperi, partum, v. tr. 
To bring forth ; to produce, accom- 
plish, occasion, procure, acquire, 
gain, secure, earn. 

paro, are, avi, alum, v. tr. and in- 
tr. To prepare, furnish, provide ; to 
procure, get, acquire, obtain ; to pre- 
pare one's self, make preparations. 

parriclda, ae, m. and f. A par- 
ricide, murderer, assassin ; a traitor. 

pars, partis, f . A part, portion ; 
a party, side ; pars . . . alii, 11., 
alii . . . pars, xlviii., lxi., some 
. . . others ; partes rei publicae, 
party-feelings, iv. 

particeps, ipis, adj. {pars, capio). 
Sharing, partaking, participant, im- 
plicated. Particeps, ipis, m. and 
f., a participant, sharer. 

partim, adv. (pars). Tartly, in 
part; some of them, l. 

parum, minus, mimme, adv. Too 
little, not enough. 

parvus, a, um, minor, minimus, 
adj. Small, little, slight, unimpor- 
tant, insignificant ; parvi pendere, to 
esteem lightly, think little of, hold 
cheap, consider of little value, xn., 
lii. Minores magisiratus, the minor, 
lower, or inferior public officers, xxx. 

patefacio, ere, feci, factum, v. 



138 



PATEO — PECUNIA 



tr. (pateo, facio). To throw open ; 
to expose, disclose, bring to light, 
make known, reveal, betray. 

pateo, ere, ui, v. intr. To be 
open, accessible, attainable; to be 
in one's power, be at one's disposal ; 
to be manifest. 

pater, tris, m. A father. Patres, 
the senators, xxxi., xxxiii. Patres 
conscripti, conscript fathers, the cus- 
tomary appellation of the senators. 

patera, ae, f. (pateo). A dish, 
saucer, libation-saucer, xxn. 

patiens, entis, part, and adj. 
(patior). Bearing; capable of en- 
during, y. ; belli patiens, able to en- 
dure the hardships of war, vil 

patior, i, passus sum, v. dep. To 
bear, support, suffer, endure ; to 
allow, permit. 

p atria, ae, f. (patrius). Native 
country, one's country, country. 

patricius, a, urn, adj. (patres). 
Pertaining to the patres or senators, 
patrician. P&tricius, ii, m., a patri- 
cian, a person of senatorial rank, 
one of the Roman nobility. 

patrimonium, ii, n. (pater). 
Patrimony, ancestral estate, inheri- 
tance. 

patrius, a, um, adj. (pater). Pa- 
ternal, ancestral, inherited. 

patro, are, clvi, atum, v. tr. To 
bring to pass, perform, achieve, ac- 
complish ; to perpetrate. 

patro cinium, ii, n. (patrocinor, 
to protect). Protection, defense, 
patronage. 

pauci, ae, a, adj. Few ; panels, 
in few words, briefly, iv. ; pauca, a 
few things, briefly, lviii. 

paucitas, atis, f. (pauci). A 
email number. 



paulatim, adv. (paulum, a lit- 
tle). By degrees, gradually ; slow- 
ly, LX. 

Paullus, i, m. L. Aemilius 
Lepidus Paullus, a senator, who im- 
peached Catiline for disturbing the 
public peace, xxxi. 

paulo, adv. (paulum, a little). 
A little, somewhat; post paulo, a 
short time after, xvm. ; paulo ante, 
a short time ago, xx. ; a short time 
before, xliv., xlvi., xlvii., l. 

paululum, i, n. (paululus, lit- 
tle). A little, a very little. 

paululum, adv. (paululus, lit- 
tle). A little, a very little ; a short 
distance ; for a short time ; paulu- 
lum languere, to give some indica- 
tion of weakness, lii. 

paupertas, atis, f. (pauper, 
poor). Poverty, restricted means, 
humble circumstances. 

paveo, ere, pftvi, v. tr. and intr. 
To fear, dread, be terrified or 
alarmed at ; omnia pavere, to be in 
utter or complete fear, dread, con- 
sternation, xxxi. 

j>ax,pacis, f. G. 133, 5. Peace. 

peccatum, i, n. (pecco). A 
fault, error, mistake. 

pecco, are, avi, atum, v. intr. 
To make a mistake; to do amiss, 
transgress, commit a fault, offend, 
do wrong. 

pectus, oris, n. The breast; 
the mind, heart, soul. 

pecunia, ae, f. (pecus, a beast). 
Property, riches ; money, a sum or 
amount of money ; pecuniae repetun- 
dae, moneys to be demanded back, 
moneys extorted by a provincial 
governor which must be repaid, ex- 
tortion, XVIII., XLIX. 



PECUS— PERNICIES 



139 



pecus, oris, n. Cattle, brute 
animals. 

pedes, ills, m. (pes). One who 
goes afoot ; on foot, dismounted, as 
a foot soldier, ltx. 

pello, ere, pcpuli, pulsum, v. tr. 
To drive ; to drive back, rout, dis- 
comfit, defeat. 

pendo, ere, pependi,pensum, v. tr. 
To weigh ; to pay, xx. ; to value, 
esteem, regard, consider, xn., lii. 

penes, prep, with acc. With; 
at the house of, xxvu. 

pensus, a, um, part, and adj. 
(pendo). Weighed ; valued, prized ; 
quicquam pensi, a matter of any 
importance, v. ; any consideration, 
lii. ; quicquam pensi habere, to care, 
xxiii. ; nihil pensi habere, not to re- 
gard, to have no consideration, xn. 

per, prep, with acc. Through, 
throughout ; by, by means of, 
through the agency of ; in the name 
of, xxxv. ; in imprecations, by ; 
per deos, by the gods ! per se, of it- 
self, by itself, i. ; per virtutem, 
bravely ; per summum scelus, most 
wickedly, most wrongfully, xn. ; per 
turpitudinem, basely, disgracefully, 
xiii. ; per senatum, by action of the 
senate, xxix. ; per occasionem, when 
the opportunity offered, li. In com- 
position, per often signifies very, ex- 
ceedingly. 

per-cello, ere, culi\ cidsum, v. tr. 
(cello, to impel). To strike, smite ; 
to affect, overpower, daunt, dis- 
hearten, dismay, dispirit. 

percontor, dri, dtus sum, v. dep. 
To ask, interrogate, question ; per- 
contari pauca, to ask a few ques- 
tions, XL. 

perdo, ere, didi, dilum, v. tr. 
1 



To destroy, ruin ; perditum ire, to 
undertake to ruin, be determined to 
ruin, xxxvi., lii. 

per-dfico, ere, duxi, ductum, v. 
tr. To lead, bring, conduct, convey. 

peregrin or, dri, dtus sum, v. 
dep. To sojourn in a foreign coun- 
try, travel in a foreign land. 

per-eo, Ire, ii, itum, v. intr. To 
go through ; to be destroyed, perish. 

per-fero, ferre, tuli, latum, v. tr. 
To carry through ; to carry, convey, 
bear. 

perfuga, ae, m. (perfugio). A 
deserter. 

per-fugio, ere, fugi, fagitum, v. 
intr. (fugio, to flee). To flee, take 
refuge, escape. 

perfugium, ii, n. (perfugio). A 
refuge, resort. 

per-go, ere, rexi, rectum, v. intr. 
(rego, to direct, make straight). To 
proceed, go on. 

perlculum, i, n. A trial, ex- 
periment, attempt ; hazard, danger, 
peril ; exigency. 

perjurium, ii, n. (perjuro, to 
swear falsely). A false oath, per- 
jury. 

per-lego, ere, legi, ledum, v. tr. 
To examine ; to read through, read. 

per misceo, ere, miscui, mistum 
or mixtum, v. tr. To mix, mingle. 

per-mitto, ere, misi, missum, 
v. tr. To let go ; to intrust, com- 
mit ; to allow, suffer, permit. 

per-moveo, ere, movi, malum, v. 
tr. To move deeply, disturb, dis- 
quiet, excite ; to arouse, affect, in- 
duce, influence. 

pernicies, ei, i. (pcrneco, to kill). 
Destruction, ruin, calamity, mis- 
chief. 



140 



PERPELLO — PLAUTIUS 



per-pello, ere, puli, pulsum, v. 
tr. To push ; to constrain, prevail 
upon, induce. 

per-petior, i, pessus sum, v. dep. 
(patior). To bear, suffer, endure, 
submit to. 

per-scrlbo, ere, scripsi, scriptum, 
v. tr. To write out, describe, record, 
report. 

per sequor, i, secutus sum,, v. 
dep. (sequor, to follow). To follow, 
proceed against ; to avenge ; to 
prosecute, punish. 

Perse s, ae, m. Perses, the last 
king of Macedonia, li. 

per-solvo, ere, solvi, solutum, v. 
tr. To pay or discharge in full, pay. 

per-terreo, ere, ui, itum, v. tr. 
(terreo, to frighten). To frighten, 
terrify, alarm. 

per-tmeo, ere y tinui, tentum, v. 
intr. (teneo, to hold). To reach, ex- 
tend ; to tend to, aim at ; quo per- 
iinet, to what purpose is it ? li. 

per-turfoo, are, dvi, atum, v. tr. 
(turbo, to disturb). To throw into 
confusion or disorder, disturb, agi- 
tate. 

per-venio, ire, veni, ventum, v. 
intr. To come to, arrive, pass to. 

pes, pedis, m. The foot ; a foot 
(as a measure) ; pedibus in senten- 
tiam ire, to vote for an opinion, l. 

pessimus, a, um, adj. sup. (ma- 
lus). The worst. 

pestilentia, ae, f. (pesiilens, 
pestilential). A pestilence. 

petitio, dnis, f. (peto). An at- 
tack ; an attempt to obtain an office, 
candidateship, candidature ; ex pe- 
titioner because of his treatment as 
a candidate, xlix. 

peto, ere, Ivi or ii, Hum, v. tr. 



To attack ; to aim at, seek to obtain, 
strive after; to seek, ask, request, 
demand, solicit. 

Petreius, ii, m. M. Petreius, 
lieutenant under C. Antonius, and 
in command of the army which de- 
feated Catiline, lix., lx. 

petulantia, ae, f. (petulans, 
wanton). Wantonness, viciousness, 
boldness. 

Picenus, a, um, adj. (Picenum). 
Picene, of Picenum, a district in 
the eastern part of Italy. 

pictus, a, um, part, from pingo. 

pietas, aiis, f. (pius, dutiful). 
Piety, devotion. 

pilum, i, n. A heavy javelin, 
javelin. 

pingo, ere, pinzi, pictum, v. tr. 
To paint ; tabula picta, a painting, 
picture, xi. 

Piso, dnis, m. 1. C. Calpurnius 
Piso, consul 67 B. C, xlix. — 2. Cn. 
Calpurnius Piso, a young and profli- 
gate patrician, associated with Cati- 
line in the latter' s first conspiracy, 

XVIII., XIX., XXI. 

Pistoriensis, e, adj. (Pistoria). 
Pistorian, belonging to Pistoria or 
Pistorium, a city in Etruria, lvii. 

placeo, ere, ui, itum, v. intr. 
To please, be acceptable to, satisfy, 
be one's pleasure ; to seem good ; 
placet mihi, I propose, li. 

placide, adv. (placidus, gentle). 
Gently, mildly. 

planities, li, f. (planus, level). 
A level ground, plain. 

Plautius, a, um, adj. Plautian, 
pertaining to a person of the Plau- 
tian gens; lex Plautia, a law pro- 
viding punishment for disturbers of 
the public peace, xxxi. 



PLEBES — POSSUM 



141 



plebes, ci, and plebs, plebis, f. 
The commons or common people, as 
distinguished from the patricians; 
the lower classes, xxxvu. 

plerumque, adv. (plcrusque). 
For the most part, mostly, common- 
ly, very often. 

pier usque, aque, unique, adj. 
(plerus, very many). The greater 
part of, very many, a great part of, 
many, several, for the most part. 

plurimum, adv. sup. (multurn). 
Most, very much, especially, exceed- 
ingly. 

plurimus, a, wm, adj. sup. (mul- 
tus). The most ; very many ; pluri- 
mum audaciae, the most audacity, 
xvir. 

plus, pluris, adj. comp. G. 165, 
1. (multus). More ; pluris facer e, to 
prize more highly, lh. 

plus, adv. comp. {multurn). More. 

poena, ae, f. Satisfaction, ex- 
piation, punishment, penalty; poe- 
nas dare, to suffer punishment, pay 
the penalty. 

pollens, entis, adj. {polleo, to be 
strong). Strong, powerful. 

polliceor, eri, itus sum, v. dep. 
To promise, offer ; bene polliceri, to 
make fair promises, xli. 

pollicitor, dri, dtus stem, v. dep. 
freq. {polliceor). To promise, of- 
fer. 

polluo, ere, ui, utum. To defile, 
pollute, dishonor, desecrate, con- 
taminate. 

Pompeius, ii, m. 1. Cn. Pom- 
peius Magnus, Pompey, the cele- 
brated Roman general and states- 
man, xvi., xvii., xix., etc. — 2. Q. 
Pompeius Rufus, praetor 63 B. C, 
xxx. 



Pomptlnus, i, m. C. Pomptinus, 
a praetor under Cicero, xlv. 

pono, ere, posui, positum, v. tr. 
To put, set, place, lay. 

pons, pontis, m. A bridge. 

pontificatus, us, m. {pontifex, 
a pontiff). The office of pontifex 
or state high-priest, pontificate. 

popular is, is, m. and f. ( popu- 
lous). A fellow-countryman ; a com- 
panion, associate, accomplice, com- 
rade, confederate. 

popiilus, i, m. A people, nation. 

Porcius, ii, m. 1. M. Porcius 
Cato, a senator distinguished for his 
high character, lh. — 2. M. Porcius 
Laeca, a senator, one of Catiline's 
accomplices, xvii., xxvn. 

Porcius, a, um, adj. {Porcius). 
Porcian, belonging to a person of 
the Porcian gens; lex Porcia, the 
Porcian law respecting the punish* 
ment of Roman citizens, li. 

porro, adv. Forward; in turn, 
again, xlvi. ; furthermore, more- 
over, besides. 

portatio, dnis, f. {porto). A 
carrying, conveyance, transporting. 

portendo, ere, di, turn, v. tr. 
{pro, tendo, to stretch). To predict, 
presage, portend. 

portentum, i, n. (portendo). A 
sign, token, omen, portent. 

porto, are, avi, alum, v. tr. To 
bear, carry, convey, transport. 

possessio, dnis, f. {possideo). A 
possessing, possession ; property, 
estate. 

possideo, ere, sedi, sessum, v. tr. 
{potis, able, sedeo, to sit). To pos- 
sess, hold possession, occupy. 

possum, posse, potui, v. intr. G. 
290, II. {potis, able, sum). To be 



142 



POST— PRAESENS 



able ; to have influence or power, be 
powerful. 

post, adv. After, afterward ; 
post esse, to be subordinate, xxiii. 

post, prep, with acc. After ; 
behind. 

post-ea, adv. After this, after- 
ward, later, subsequently ; postea 
quam, after that, after. 

post-quam, conj. After that, 
after, as soon as, when ; since, xx. 

postremo, adv. (postremus). At 
last, finally, in fine. 

postremus, a, wm, adj. sup. G. 
163, 3. (posterus, next). The last ; 
postrema, what happens last, li. 

postulo, are, avi, dtum, v. tr. 
To ask, demand, require, request. 

posui. See pono. 

potens, entis, adj. (possum). 
Powerful, strong, influential. 

potent ia, ae, f. (potens). Power ; 
political power, authority, influence. 

potestas, atis, f . (possum). Abil- 
ity, power; right; opportunity, 
leave, permission ; potestatem facere, 
to allow or grant an opportunity, 

XL VIII. 

potior, iri, ttus sum, v. dep. 
(pot-is, able). To become master of, 
obtain possession of, get, obtain, 
gain. 

potins, adv. comp. (potis, able). 
Rather, in preference, sooner. 

poto, are, avi, potatum or potum, 
v. tr. and intr. To drink; to in- 
dulge in intoxicating liquor, be 
drunken, xi. 

prae, prep, with abl. Before. 

praeacutus, a, um, adj. (prae- 
acuo, to sharpen). Sharpened at the 
end, sharpened, pointed. 

prae-beo, ere, bui, bitum, v. tr. 



(habeo). To offer ; to furnish, sup, 
ply, give, afford, secure. 

prae-ceps, cipitis, adj. (caput). 
Head foremost, headlong; hasty, 
rash, precipitate ; headstrong, ob- 
stinate. 

praeceptum, i, n. (praecipio). 
A precept, advice, counsel ; injunc- 
tion, direction, order, command. 

prae-cipio, ere, cepi, ceptum, v. 
tr. (capio). To take beforehand ; 
to instruct, admonish, advise; to 
give orders, enjoin, direct, pre- 
scribe, 

prae-clarus, a, um, adj. Very 
bright; excellent, remarkable, dis- 
tinguished, extraordinary, illustri- 
ous. 

praeda, ae, f. Booty; gain, 
profit, advantage. 

prae-dico, are, avi, dtum, v. tr. 
(dico, to proclaim). To proclaim, 
say, declare, tell, affirm, report, as- 
sert. 

prae-ditus, a, um, adj. (do). 
Gifted, endowed, provided, pos- 
sessed. 

praefectus, i, m. (praeficio, to 
place in command). A commander, 
leader, prefect. 

prae-fero, ferre, tuli, latum, v. 
tr. To bear before; to prefer, 
choose rather, esteem more. 

prae-mitto, ere, mxsi, missum, 
v. tr. To send forward or before, 
send ahead or in advance. 

praeminm, ii, n. (prae, emo, 
originally, to take). Profit, advan- 
tage ; a reward, prize. 

praesens, seniis, adj. (praesum). 
Present ; in praesens, for the present, 
at present, at the time, xvi. ; eo 
praesente, in his presence, xl. 



PKAESENTIA— PRO 



143 



praesentia, ae, f. (pracsens). 
Presence. 

praesertim, adv. (prae, sero, to 
join). Especially, particularly. 

prae-sideo, ere, sedi, sessum, v. 
intr. (sedco, to Bit). To sit before ; 
to preside, command. 

praesidium, ii, n. (praesideo). 
Defense, aid, assistance, protection, 
help, support, security; reenforce- 
ment ; a guard, force. 

prae-sto, are, stiti, stitum or std- 
tum, v. intr. To stand before ; to be 
superior, surpass, excel. Praestat, 
it is better, preferable, xx. 

prae-sum, esse, fui, v. intr. To 
have charge, be in command, pre- 
side. 

praeter, prep, with acc. (prae). 
Tast ; except, excepting, beside. 

praeter-ea, adv. Beyond this, 
besides, moreover ; beside this, ex- 
cept in this instance, xix. 

praeter-eo, ire, ii, itum, v. tr. 
To go or pass by, pass over. 

praetor, oris, m. (prae, eo). A 
praetor, a magistrate next in rank 
to a consul ; pro praetore, as pro- 
praetor, xix. . 

praetorius, a, um, adj. ( prae- 
tor'). Praetorian ; cohors practoria, 
the praetorian cohort, the general's 
body-guard, lx. 

pravus, a, um, adj. Crooked; 
perverted, depraved. 

pretium, m, n. Money; price; 
a reward ; a bribe ; operae pretium, 
worth while, xn. 

prldem, adv. A long time ago, 
long since, long ago. 

prlmo, adv. {primus). At first, 
in the first place. 

primum, adv. {primus). At 



first, first, in the first place, in the 
beginning ; ubi primum, as soon as; 
quam primum, as soon as possible. 

primus, a, um, adj. sup. G. 166. 
(prior^). The first ; the front, fore- 
most ; inprimis, especially ; among 
the foremost, lx. 

princeps, ctpis, adj. and sub- 
stantive, m. and f. (primus, capio). 
The first ; foremost, chief ; a head, 
leader, leading man. 

principium, ii, n. (princeps). 
The beginning, commencement. 

pristinus, a, um, adj. Former, 
pristine, ancient. 

prius, comp., primum, sup., adv. 
Before, previously, first ; prius 
quam, before. 

privatim, adv. (privo, to de- 
prive). Privately; personally, in- 
dividually, as individuals, xl., lii. ; 
for one's self, as a private citizen, 
xlix. ; from individuals, xi. 

prlvatus, a, um, part, and adj. 
(privo). Deprived ; apart, private ; 
belonging to an individual, personal ; 
privato consilio, by one's own per- 
sonal measures, xxix. Privalus, i, 
m., a private citizen, one who holds 
no public office. 

prlvignus, i, m. (prlvus, single, 
gigno, to beget). A step-son. 

privo, are, avi, atum, v. tr. 
(prlvus, single). To deprive. 

pro, prep, with abl. 1. Before, 
in front of. — 2. For, for the benefit 
or advantage of, in behalf of. — 3. 
In place of, instead of ; pro praetore 
as pro-praetor, xix. ; pro sauciis, to 
take the place of the wounded, lx. 
— 4. As ; pro certo, as certain, lii. ; 
positively, xv. ; pro vero, as true, 
li. — 5. In proportion to, in compari- 



PRO — PROMPTUS 



son with, according to, in accordance 
with, in view of ; pro loco, in accord- 
ance with the character of the place, 

LIX. 

pro, inter j. Oh ! Ah ! xx. 

probitas, atis, f. (probus). Up- 
rightness, integrity, goodness. 

probo, are, avi, atum, v. tr. 
(probus). To try, test ; to approve, 
favor. 

probrum, i, n. Disgrace, shame, 
reproach, dishonor; infamy, dis- 
graceful conduct, scandalous life, 

XXIII., XXXVII. 

probus, a, wm, adj. (pro). Good, 
excellent, superior ; virtuous, re- 
spectable, xxv. 

procax, acis, adj. (proco, to ask). 
Bold, shameless, wanton. 

pro-cedo, ere, cessi, cessum, v. 
intr. To go forth, go out, lxi. ; to 
advance, proceed ; to succeed, pros- 
per, turn out favorably ; to depend 
for success, I. 

procul, adv. (procello, to drive 
forth). At a distance, far ; procul 
a, away from. 

prodigium, ii, n. A prophetic 
sign, token, omen, portent, prodigy. 

pro-do, ere, dxdi, ditum, v. tr. 
(do, to place). To give forth; to 
set forth, expose to view, present, 
display ; to disclose, reveal, betray ; 
fidem prodere, to prove false to 
one's word, break one's word or 
promise, xxy. 

proelium, ii, n. A battle, com- 
bat, engagement. 

pro-fan us, a, um, adj. (fanum). 
Not sacred, common, profane. 

pro fecto, adv. (factum). In- 
deed, certainly, assuredly, doubtless. 

pro-f iciscor, i, pro/ectm sum, 



v. dep. (facio). To set out, go, 
travel, depart, proceed, 

pro-f ite or, eri, fessus sum, v. 
dep. (fdteor). To declare publicly ; 
to announce one's self or present 
one's self as a candidate, xvin. 

pro-fugio, ere, fugi, fugxtum, v. 
intr. (fugio, to flee). To flee from, 
flee, escape. 

profugus, a, um, adj. (profugio). 
Fugitive ; roving, wandering ; ban- 
ished, exiled. 

pro-fundo, ere, fudi, fusum, v. 
tr. To pour forth ; to lavish, dissi- 
pate, squander. 

profuse, adv. (profusus). Pro- 
fusely; immoderately, excessively, 

XIII. 

profusus, a, um, part, and adj. 
(prof undo). Extended ; lavish, ex- 
travagant, profuse. 

pro-hibeo, ere, ui, xtum, v. tr. 
(habeo). To hold back, restrain, 
prevent, debar, keep from, keep out, 
xxvm. 

pro-inde, adv. Ilence, there- 
fore, just so, just ; proinde quasi, 
just as if. 

pro la to, are, avi, atum, v. tr. 
freq. (profero, to carry forth). To 
extend ; to put off, defer, delay, 
postpone. 

pro-miscuus, a, um, adj. (mis- 
ceo). Mixed, without distinction, in- 
discriminate. 

promptus, a, um, adj. (promo, 
to give forth). Presented, set forth, 
apparent, manifest ; at hand, ready, 
prompt, quick. 

promptus, us, m. (promo, to 
give forth). An exposing to view ; 
in promptu, publicly, manifestly, 
openly, vn. 



PKONUS— PUBLICUS 



145 



pronus, a, um, adj. (pro). In- 
clined forward, bowed to the ground ; 
grovelling, i. 

prope, propius, proxime, adv. 
Near ; nearly, almost, well-nigh ; 
propius, quite near, almost, xi. 

prope-diem, adv. At an early 
day, very soon, shortly. 

pro-pello, ere, puli, pulsum, v. 
tr. To drive forth ; to drive away, 
keep or ward off. 

propere, adv. (properus, quick). 
Hastily, in haste, quickly, speedily. 

propero, are, avi, dtum, v. intr. 
(properus, quick). To hasten, make 
haste ; to be eager, impatient, vn. 

propinquus, a, um, adj. (prope). 
Near, neighboring. 

propior, us, proximus, adj. G. 
166. Nearer. 

pro-pono, ere, posui, posilum, v. 
tr. To set forth, expose to view, 
display, present ; to propose, offer. 

propter, prep, with acc. (prope). 
Near, near by; on account of, by 
reason of. 

pro-ripio, ere, ripui, repium, v. 
tr. (rapio). To snatch forth; se 
proripere, to rush out, hasten forth, 

XXXII. 

prorsus, adv. (pro, versus). For- 
wards ; by all means, precisely, ex- 
actly, xvi. ; in short, in fine, in a 
word, xv., xxiii., xxv. 

pro-scrlbo, ere, scripsi, scrip- 
turn, v. tr. To put forth in writing, 
publish; to punish with confisca- 
tion, proscribe, outlaw. 

proscriptio, onis, f. (proscrlbo). 
An advertisement ; proscription, 
confiscation. 

pro sper or pro-sperus, era, 
erum, adj. (spes). Prosperous. 



prospere, adv. (prosper). For- 
tunately, prosperously, successfully ; 
prospere omnia cedunt, all success is 
obtained, lii. 

pro-venio, Ire, veni, ventum, v. 
intr. To come forth, appear, come 
forward. 

pro-video, ere, vidi, visum, v. 
tr. (video, to see). To see, discern, 
descry, perceive ; to take care, sec 
to it ; to provide for, make provision 
for, take care of, look out for. 

provincia, ae, f. A province, a 
conquered territory under a military 
governor. 

proximus, a, um, adj. sup. G. 
166. (propior). Next; following, en- 
suing ; most familiar, most inti- 
mate. 

prudens, entis, adj. (providco). 
Foreseeing ; discreet, prudent, sa- 
gacious, judicious. 

psallo, ere, i, v. intr. (a Greek 
word). To play upon a stringed in- 
strument, to play upon the lyre. 

publice, adv. (publicus). In 
behalf of the state, for the state ; 
as a state, XL., lii. ; from states, 
xi. ; as a public officer, xlix. 

publico, are, avi, dtum, v. tr. 
(publicus). To make public prop- 
erty, to confiscate. 

pubiicus, a, um, adj. (populus). 
Of or belonging to the state, public, 
common ,• res publica, the common 
weal, public welfare, general good ; 
the republic, state, commonwealth, 
government, country ; public or po- 
litical life, in., iv. ; malum publicum, 
the corrupt state of public affairs, 
xxxvu. ; bonum publicum, the gener- 
al good, public welfare, the welfare 
of the state, xxxvni. ; fides publica, 



146 



PUBLIUS— QUICUMQUE 



a pledge of impunity in the name of 
the state, xlvii., xlviii. 

Publius, ii, m. Publius, a Ro- 
man praenomen. 

piidicitia, ae, f. (pudlcus, mod- 
est). Modesty, chastity, virtue, 
purity. 

piidor, oris, m. (pudet, to be 
ashamed). Modesty, decency, pro- 
priety. 

puer, eri, m. A child, boy, lad. 

pugno, are, dvi, dtum, v. intr. 
(pugna, a fight). To fight, give 
battle, engage, contend. 

pulcher, chra, chrum, adj. 
Beautiful, excellent, noble, honor- 
able, glorious, illustrious. 

pulsus, a, wm, part, from pello. 

Punicus, a, um, adj. (Poeni, the 
Carthaginians). Punic, Carthagin- 
ian; helium Punicum, Punic War, 
war against Carthage, LI. 

piito, are, dvi, dtum, v. tr. (pu- 
tus, cleansed). To clean, clear up ; 
to reckon, consider, esteem, account ; 
to judge, decide, believe, think. 

Q. 

Q. Abbr. for Quintus. 
qua, adv. {qui). In which place, 
where. 

quaere, ere, sivi or m, sifotm, v. 
tr. To seek ; to ask, inquire. 

quaestor, oris, m. (quaero). A 
quaestor, an officer intrusted with 
the care of the public money, a pay- 
master, treasurer. 

quaestus, us, m. {quaero). Gain, 
acquisition. 

quam, adv. and conj. {qui). How ; 
than ; rather than, Tin. ; with su- 
perlatives, as possible ; quam maxi- 



me longus, as long as possible, i.; 
prius quam, before ; postca quam, 
after ; minor quam, inadequate for, 
Li. 

quam-vis, adv. (volo). As much 
as you will ; how much soever, how- 
ever much, however. 

quauto, adv. {quantus). By how 
much ; with comparatives, the ; quan- 
to . . . tanto, the . . . the, lii. 

quantum, adv. (quantus). How 
much ? how greatly ? as much as, as 
far as, as. 

quantus, a, um, adj. (quam). 
How great, how much ; with tantus, 
as great as, as, such. 

qua-propter, adv. Wherefore, 
on which account. 

qua-re, adv. By which means ; 
wherefore, for which reason ; there- 
fore. 

quartus, a, um, num. adj. ( quat- 
tuor, four). The fourth. 

quasi, adv. As if, as it were, 
just as if, as though ; quasi pcstilen- 
tia, like a pestilence, x. 

que, conj. enclitic. And ; que 
. . . que, both . . . and. 

queo, ire, xvi or ii, xtum, v. intr. 
To be able ; queo, I can. 

que r or, i, questus sum, v. dep. 
To complain, lament, bewail. 

qui, quae, quod, rel. pron. 
Who, which, what, that ; idem . . . 
qui, the same ... as, xx. ; quam 
ob rem, wherefore. 

qui, quae, quod, interrog. pron. 
adj. What sort or kind of a ? what ? 

qui, adv. (quis). How ? in what 
way ? li. 

quia, conj. (qui). Because. 

qul-cumque, quaecumque, quod- 
cumque, indef. pron. (cumque^ so- 



QUID— 

ever). Whoever, whatever, what- 
soever. 

quid, adv. G. 454, 2. (quis). 
Why ? wherefore ? xiii., lh. 

quldam, quaedam, quoddam or 
quiddam, indef. pron. G. 190, 2. 
(qui). A certain one, a certain, one. 

quid cm, adv. Indeed, at least, 
certainly. 

quies, elis, f. Rest, repose ; quiet, 
peace, xxxr. ; sleep, slumber, xv. 

quietus, a, wm, adj. (quiesco, to 
rest). At rest, calm, quiet ; peace- 
ful, undisturbed ; quieta movere, to 
disturb the peace, xxr. 

qul-libet, quaeUbet, quodUbct, in- 
def. pron. Any one who will, whom 
or what you will, any whatever ; by 
tmesis, cujus rei libel, v. 

qulu, conj. (qui, ne). That not, 
so that not, so as not ; without, G. 
504, 1, note ; why not ? xx. 

qui-nam, quaenam, quodnam, in- 
terrog. pron. adj. What ? quonam 
modo, how? 

Quiutus, t, m. Quintus, a Ro- 
man praenomen. 

quippe, adv. and conj. (quia). 
Indeed, in fact ; since, inasmuch as, 
for ; quippe qui, because he, etc. 

quis, quae, quid, interrog. pron. 
Who ? what ? — quis mortalium, what 
man? xx. 

quis, quae or qua, quid, indef. 
pron. G. 190, 1. Any, some, any 
one, anything, something. 

quis-nam, quaenam, quidnam, 
interrog. pron. Who ? what ? 

quis-quam, quaequam, quic- 
quam, indef. pron. Any, some, any- 
one, some one, anything ; quisquam 
mortalium, any man, LX. ; quicquam 
pensi, any consideration, lii. ; quic- 



-RADIX 1 47 

quam pensi habere, to regard as a 
matter of any importance ; to care. 

quis-que, quaeque y quodque, or 
quicque, indef. pron. Each, eveiy, 
any ; each one, each man, every one, 
any one ; with superlatives, optimus 
quisque, n., see G. 458, 1. 

quis-quis. G. 187, 3. Whoever, 
whatever, every one, every, all. 

qui-vis, quaevis, quidvis, or quod- 
vis, indef. pron. G. 190, 2. (vd!o). 
Who or what you please, any what- 
ever, any one. 

quo, adv. and conj. Where ; 
wherefore, why, on which account ; 
non quo, not that, not because, 
xxxiv. ; whither, to what ; quo per- 
tinet, to what purpose is it ? li. ; in 
order that, that, that by this means ; 
qno minus, that not, from, G. 497, n. 
2 ; why not, causam, quo, minus y ca- 
piamus, LI. ; quo minus . . . eo ma- 
gis the less ... the more. liv. 

quo-cumque, adv. (cumque, so- 
ever). Whithersoever, in what way 
or direction soever. 

quod, conj. (qui). That; be- 
cause ; quod si, but if ; quod ni, 
xvni., see G. 453, 6. 

quoniam, conj. (quum, jam). 
Since, because. 

quo-usque, adv. (usque, continu- 
ously). Until what time ? till when ? 
how long ? 

quum or cum, conj. G.517.(??«). 
When, as, as soon as, after, while ; 
although ; since, whereas, because. 

Tt, 

radix, Icis, f . A root. Radices, 
the lower part, base, foot ; sub ipsis 
radicibus, at the very foot, lvii. 



148 



RAPINA — REPREHENDO 



rapfna, ae, f . (rapid). Robbery, 
plundering, pillage, pillaging, ra- 
pine ; plunder, booty. 

rapio, ere, rapui, raptum, v. tr. 
To seize, carry off, rob, plunder,steal. 

ratio, dnis, f. (reor). A reckon- 
ing ; course, method, plan, way ; pi., 
interests, xliv. 

ratus, a, um, part, from reor. 

re or red, insep. prep. G. 308. 

re-cipio, ere, cepi, ceptum, v. tr. 
(capio). To receive ; to take, wrest, 

XI. 

re-cito, are, avi, dtum, v. tr. 
(cito, to name). To read aloud, read. 

recte, adv. (rectus). In a straight 
line ; rightly, correctly, well, prop- 
erly. 

rectus, a, «m, adj. (rego, to rule). 
Straight ; right, correct, proper. 

red-do, ere, didi, ditum, v. tr. To 
return, restore ; to give, hand over, 
deliver, xxxiv. 

red-imo, ere, emi, emptum, v. tr. 
(emo). To buy back; to purchase 
impunity for, xiv. 

re-fero, ferre, rettuli or retuli, 
relatum, v. tr. and intr. To bear 
back ; to report, announce, refer, 
present, lay or bring before ; to 
bring forward the subject for con- 
sideration, neu quis de eis referat, 
li. ; to refer a question to the sen- 
ate, XLVIII., L. 

refert, referre, retulit, v. impers. 
(res, fero). It is befitting or impor- 
tant, LII. 

re-ficio, ere, feci, fectum, v. tr. 
(facio). To remake ; to restore, re- 
pair, revive, encourage, xlviii. 

regio, dnis, f. (rego, to direct). 
Direction; a region, territory, dis- 
trict, country. 



regius, a, um, adj. (rex). Of a 
king, of kings, kingly, royal, regal. 

regnum, i, n. (rego, to rule). 
Dominion, sovereignty, power ; royal 
power ; a kingdom. 

re-gredior, i, gressus sum, v. dep. 
(gradior, to step). To go back, re- 
turn. 

religiosus, a, um, adj. (religio, 
religion). Pious, devout, religious. 

re-linquo, ere, llqui, Return, v. 
tr. (linquo, to leave). To leave be- 
hind, leave ; to abandon. 

rgliquus, a, um, adj. (relinquo). 
Remaining, the rest ; the remainder 
or rest of ; the other, other ; reliqui 
facere, to leave, xi., xxvui., lii. ; 
quid reliqui habemus, what have we 
left us? xx. 

re-medium, it, n. (medcor, to 
heal). A cure, remedy, relief. 

re-mo veo, ere, movi, motum, v. 
tr. To withdraw, remove, take away. 

reor, reri, ratus sum, v. dep. To 
reckon ; to believe, think, suppose, 
judge, deem ; to expect, lx. 

repente, adv. (repens, sudden). 
Suddenly, unexpectedly. 

re-perio, ire, repperi or reptri, 
repertum, v. tr. (pario). To find, 
discover ; to find out, invent, devise ; 
to obtain. 

re-peto, ere,pefivi or ii, peillum, 
v. tr. and intr. To attack anew ; to 
go back, return; supra repetere, to 
review the past, v. ; to demand back ; 
pecuniae repetundae, moneys to be 
demanded back, extortion, xvin., 

XLIX. 

re-prehendo, ere, di, sum, v. tr. 
(prehendo, to seize). To hold back ; 
to blame, censure, find fault with, 
rebuke, reprove. 



REPUDIO 

repudio, are y avi y dtum y v. tr. 
(repudium y repudiation). To cast 
off, put away ; to reject, refuse to 
receive ; to refuse, decline. 

repulsa, ae y f. (repcllo, to repel). 
A failure to obtain office or to se- 
cure an election, a repulse, rejec- 
tion, failure. 

re-piito, are, avi y dtum y v. tr. To 
compute ; to think over, ponder, re- 
flect upon, consider. 

re-quies, etis y f. G. 137, 1. Rest, 
repose. 

re-quiesco, $re y quievi y quieium y 
v. intr. (quicsco y to rest). To rest, 
repose. 

re-qulro, ere y quislvi or ii y quisi- 
tum y v. tr. (quaero). To look after, 
seek, endeavor to find or meet ; to 
ask, inquire. 

res, rei y f. A thing, object, sub- 
ject ; a matter, affair, event, circum- 
stance, occurrence, case, deed, occa- 
sion ; position, respect ; reality, fact, 
experience ; property ; the state ; 
quam oh rem y wherefore; in rem y 
to the purpose, xx. ; res geritur y the 
battle is fought, lx. ; res adversae y 
an unfavorable position of affairs, 
failure, lvii. ; res capitalis y a capital 
offence, xxxvi., lv. ; cetera res y the 
rest, xx. ; dubiae res y a critical con- 
dition of affairs, xxxix. ; res fa- 
miliarise private possessions, prop- 
erty, v. ; res gestae y deeds, exploits, 
achievements, occurrences ; res mili- 
taris y military affairs or matters; 
novae res y a change of affairs, a revo- 
lution ; res publica y the common 
weal, public welfare, public safety, 
general good; the republic, state, 
commonwealth, government, coun- 
try ; public or political life, in., iv. ; 



>— ROGITO 149 

partes rei publicae. party-feelings; 
res secundae, prosperity, success. 

rg-sisto, &re y stlti, stitum y v. in- 
tr. To stand ; to withstand, oppose, 
resist, hold out against. 

re-spondeo, ere y di t sum y v. tr. 
(spondeo y to promise). To promise 
in return ; to answer, reply, respond ; 
to give an opinion or response. 

re-stinquo, ?re y stinxi y stinctum, 
v. tr. To extinguish, put out, quench. 

re-stituo, ere y stitui y stxtutum y v. 
tr. (statuo). To replace, restore, 
give back ; to renew. 

re-ticeo, ere y ticui y v. intr. and 
tr. (taceo y to be silent). To be 
silent ; to keep secret, conceal, leave 
unmentioned, pass over in silence. 

re-tine o, ere y tinui y tentum y v. tr. 
(t&neo). To detain, retain ; to keep, 
preserve, maintain, hold. 

re-traho, ere y traxi y tractum y v. 
tr. To draw back, bring back. 

reus, i y m. (res). A defendant in 
a law-suit; one who is accused or 
arraigned. 

re-verto, erc y ti y sum y v. intr. and 
reverter, i y versus sum y v. dep. 
G. 272,3. (yerio y to turn). To 
turn back, come back, return. 

re-voco, are y avi y atum y v. tr. To 
call back, recall. 

rex, rcgis y m. (rego y to rule). A 
king. 

Rex, Regis y m. Q. Marcius Rex, 
a general employed by the senate in 
suppressing the conspiracy of Cati- 
line, XXX., XXXIII. 

Hhodii, 6rum y m. pi. The Rho- 
dians, the inhabitants of Rhodes, an 
island in the Aegean Sea. 

rogito, dre y dvi y atum y v. tr. and 
intr. freq. (rogo). To ask with 



150 



ROGO — SAPIENTIA 



eagerness ; to ask questions contin- 
ually. 

rogo, are, avi, dtum, v. tr. To 
ask, beg, request, solicit, entreat. 

Roma, ae, f. Rome. 

It 6 man us, a, um, adj. (Rdma). 
Roman. Romanus, i, m., a Roman,vi. 

Itiifus, i, m. Q. Pompeius Ru- 
f us, a praetor employed by the sen- 
ate in suppressing the conspiracy of 
Catiline, xxx. 

rulna, ae, f. {ruo, to fall). A 
downfall, fall ; ruin, overthrow, 
destruction ; general destruction, 

XXXI. 

riipes, is, f. {rumpo, to break). 
A cliff, rock. 

rursus, adv. {reverto). Turned 
back ; again, anew, in turn ; on the 
contrary, liii. 

s. 

sacer, era, c?w, adj. Holy, 
sacred. 

sacer do s, oils, m. and f. {sacer ; 
do). A priest, a priestess. 

sacerdotium, ii, n. {sacerdos). 
Priesthood, the office of priest, the 
sacerdotal office. 

sacrilegus, i, m. {sacer, lego). 
One who robs or steals from a tem- 
ple, one who commits sacrilege, an 
impious or wicked man. 

sacrum, i, n. {sacer). A sacred 
thing ; a religious solemnity, rite, 
ceremony, divine worship. 

Saenius, ii, m. L. Saenius, a 
senator, xxx. 

saepe, saepius, saepissime, adv. 
{saepis, frequent). Often, many 
times, frequently. 

saepe-numero, adv. {nwnerus). 



Often-times, often, repeatedly, again 
and again. 

saevio, ire, Ivi or ii, itum, v. 
intr. (saevus). To be fierce, be 
cruel. 

saevitia, ae, f. {saevus). Fierce- 
ness, violence, harshness, cruelty, 
barbarity, severity ; extortion, ra- 
pacity, XXXIII. 

saevus, a, wm, adj. Savage, 
ferocious ; fierce, cruel, violent, bar- 
barous. 

Saiiusiius, ii, m. C. Sallustius 
Crispus. See Life of Sallust, p. 
v. 

salto, are, avi, dtum, v. intr. freq. 
{salio, to leap). To dance. 

salus, uiis, f. {salvus, safe). 
Health ; welfare, prosperity, preser- 
vation, deliverance, safety, security. 

saluto, are, avi, dtum, v. tr. 
{salus). To preserve; to greet, sa- 
lute ; to call upon, wait upon, pay 
one's respects to. 

Sammtes, ium, m. pi. {Samni- 
um). The Samnites, the inhabitants 
of Samnium, a district of Italy near 
Rome. 

sane, adv. {sanus, sound). Sound- 
ly ; indeed, forsooth, by all means ; 
nihil sane, haud sane, by no means, 
not at all, xvi., xxxvu. ; haud sane 
quisquam, no one at all, liii. 

Sanga, ae, m. Q. Fabius Sanga, 
the patron of the Allobroges, xli. 

sanguis, mis, m. Blood ; max- 
ime ulii sanguinem nostr um perimus, 
we sell our lives most dearly, xxxiii. 

sapiens, entis, adj. {sapio, to be 
wise). "Wise, sensible, judicious ; 
nemo sapiens, no wise man, xi. 

sapientia, ae, f. {sapiens). Good 
sense, discretion, wisdom. 



SATIS— SERMO 



151 



satis, adv. Enough, sufficiently ; 
quite ; with partitive gen., suffi- 
cient, v. 

satisfactio, onis, f. {satis facio). 
Satisfaction ; explanation, defence. 

saucius, a, um, adj. Wounded, 
disabled. 

sceleratus, a, um, adj. {scelero, 
to defile with guilt). Polluted ; 
wicked, infamous, vicious. Scelera- 
tus, i, m. ; a wretch, miscreant, lii. 

scelestus, a, um, adj. {scelus). 
Wicked, infamous, villanous. 

scelus, eris, m. An evil deed, 
crime, wickedness, enormity, mis- 
deed ; per summum scelus, most in- 
famously, XII. 

scilicet, adv. ( == scire licet). 
Evidently, undoubtedly, doubtless ; 
forsooth, indeed. 

scio, ire, ivi or ii, itum, v. tr. To 
know, understand, perceive. 

scortnm, i, n. A harlot, prosti- 
tute ; debauchery, licentiousness. 

scribo, ere, scripsi, scriptum, v. 
tr.. To write ; to describe, write of ; 
to enlist, enrol, levy, xxxn. 

serin ium, ii, n. A book-case, 
letter-case. 

scriptor, oris, m. {scribo). A 
writer, author, narrator, historian. 

se, sed, insep. prep. G. 308. 

se-cedo, ere, cessi, cessum, v. Intr. 
To separate, withdraw ; to revolt, 
secede, xxxiii. 

secundus, a, um, adj. {sequor). 
Following ; favorable, fortunate, 
successful, prosperous ; secundae res, 
prosperity, success. 

sed, conj. But. 

sedes, is, f. {sedeo, to sit). A 
seat, dwelling-place, residence, habi- 
tation, abode, home. 



seditio, onis, f. Dissension, 
civil discord, insurrection, sedition ; 
strife, disturbance. 

sedo, are, avi, alum, v. tr. To 
calm, quiet. 

se-met. See G. 184, 3. 

semper, adv. Always, ever, in- 
variably, constantly, continually. 

Sempronia, ae, f. Sempronia, 
wife of D. Junius Brutus, xxv., xl. 

senator, oris, m. {senex, old). A 
senator. 

senatorius, a, um, adj. {senator). 
Of a senator, of the senators, sena- 
torial. 

senatus, us, m. G. 119, 3. {senex, 
old). The senate, the Roman senate. 

sententia, ae, f. {sentio). An 
opinion, sentiment, thought, judg- 
ment ; a plan. 

sentlna, ae, f. Bilge-water; a 
receptacle of filth, sink ; a sink of 
corruption, xxxvu. 

sentio, Ire, sensi, sensum, v. tr. 
and intr. To perceive, observe, no- 
tice, ascertain, learn ; to think ; to 
entertain projects, foster purposes, 

XXVI. 

separatim, adv. {separo, to sep- 
arate). Apart, separately, individu- 
ally. 

Septimius, ii, m. Septimius, a 
Camertian, one of Catiline's accom- 
plices, XXVII. 

sequor, i, secutus sum, v. dep. 
To follow, attend, accompany ; to 
pursue, aim at, seek to gain ; haec 
sequi, to pursue this course, lviii. 

Ser. Abbr. for Servius. 

sermo, onis, m. {sero, to join). 
Talk, conversation, discourse, speech, 
language ; a discussion, conference, 
interview. 



152 



SERVILI S — SINUS 



servllis, e, adj. (servus). Of or 
pertaining to a slave or to slaves, 
servile. 

servio, ire, wi or ££, Hum, v. 
intr. (servus). To be or become a 
slave or servant, serve, be subser- 
vient ; to busy or occupy one's self 
with. 

servitium, ii, n. (servus). Servi- 
tude, service, I. ; slaves. 

servitus, litis, f . (servus). Slavery, 
servitude, bondage. 

Servius, ii, m. Servius, a Ro- 
man praenomen. 

servo, are, avi, atum, v. tr. To 
save, preserve, maintain. 

servus, i, m. A slave, bondman. 

se-se. See G. 184, 4. 

sestertium, ii, n. (sestertius, a 
sesterce). A thousand sesterces. 
See G. 646, 647, in. 

sen. See slve. 

severitas, atis, f. (severus). Seri- 
ousness, gravity, strictness, auster- 
ity. 

severus, a, um, adj. Serious, 
grave, strict, severe. 

sextus, a, um, num. adj. (sex, six). 
The sixth. 

si, conj. If. 

Sibylllnus, a, um, adj. (Sibylla, 
a Sibyl). Sibylline. 

sic, adv. Thus, as follows. 

slc-ut, slc-uti, adv. Just as, as ; 
like, in. ; sicuti pecora, like brute 
animals, lviii. ; as if, just as if. 

signator, oris, m. (signo). A 
sealer, signer; signator fatsus, a 
forger, xvi. 

signo, are, avi, atum, v. tr. (sig- 
num). To mark ; to seal, sign and 
seal, xliv. 

signum, i, n. A sign, signal; 



signa canunt, the signals sound, the 
signal is given, lix. ; a standard, 
ensign ; reliquarum (cohortium) sig- 
na, the other cohorts, lix. ; cum in- 
festis signis concurrere, to charge 
upon one another, lx. ; an image, 
statue ; a seal, signet. 

811 aims, i, m. D. Junius Sila- 
nus, consul 62 B. C, l., li. 

silentium, ii, n. (sileo). Still- 
ness, silence, quiet ; obscurity, I. 

sileo, ere, ui, v. intr. To be si- 
lent; siletur, silence is maintained, 
nothing is said, n. 

similis, e, adj. Like, resembling, 
similar ; alike ; par similisgue, pre- 
cisely like, xiv. 

similitudo, mis, f. (similis). 
Likeness, resemblance, similitude. 

simul, adv. Together, at once, 
at the same time ; and also ; simul 
ac, as soon as; simul . . . et, at 
once . . . and, both . . . and, xvi. 

simulator, oris, m. (simulo). An 
imitator ; a pretender, counterfeiter. 

simulo, are, avi, atum, v. tr. 
(similis) . To imitate ; to feign, pre- 
tend, assume the appearance of. 

simultas, atis, f. (simulo). En- 
mity, hatred ; jealousy, rivalry. 

sin, conj. (si, ne). But if. 

sine, prep, with abl. Without, 
free from, apart from. 

singiilatim, adv. (singuli). Sing- 
ly ; to individuals, xlix. 

singuli, ae, a, num. adj. distrib. 
One each, separate, single, individu- 
al, one by one. 

sinister, tra, trum, adj. Left, 
on the left hand, on the left. 

sino, ere, slvi, situm, v. tr. To 
put, place ; to let, permit. 

sinus, us, m. A curve; the 



sitis— : 

bosom; the interior, inmost part, 
heart, centre, midst, lii. 

sitis, is, f. Thirst. 

Sittius, ii, m. P. Sittius, a citi- 
zen of Nuceria, one of Catiline's ac- 
complices, XXI. 

situs, a, um, part, and adj. (sino). 
Placed, situated ; situm esse in, to 
rest with, depend upon. 

sl-ve or sea, conj. Or if ; 
whether ; sive . . . sive, seu . . . seu, 
if ... or if, whether ... or, 
either ... or. 

societas, dtis, f. (socius). Fel- 
lowship, association, union ; league, 
alliance ; a sharing, a share. 

socius, ii y m. A companion, as- 
sociate ; an ally, confederate. 

socordia, ae, f. (socors, silly). 
Folly ; carelessness, negligence, 
sloth, laziness, indolence, inactivity, 
inaction. 

sol, solis, m. G. 133, 5. The sun. 

soleo, ere, soliius sum, v. semi- 
dep. To be wont, be accustomed ; 
to be usual or customary, be com- 
mon. 

sollemnis, e, adj. (sollus, entire, 
annus). Annual ; stated, estab- 
lished, appointed ; religious, solemn. 

sollicito, are, avi, alum, v. tr. 
(sollicitus, solicitous). To move, 
stir up ; to rouse, incite, instigate, 
tamper with ; to urge to rebellion or 
revolt. 

solum, adv. (solus). Only, 
solus, a, urn, adj. G. 151. Alone, 
only. 

soliitus, a, urn, part, and adj. 
(solvo). Loose ; free, unfettered, 
unrestrained. 

solvo, ere, solvi, soluium, v. tr. 
To loose ; to pay. 



STATUS 153 

somnus, i, m. Sleep, 
sons, sontis, adj. Hurtful ; guilty, 
criminal. 

sparus, i, m. A small spear, 
lance. 

spatium, ii, n. Space, inter- 
val ; a space of time, period. 

species, li, f. (specio, to look). 
A look, view; show, seeming, ap- 
pearance, pretence, cloak; senatus 
specie, under a show of supporting 
the senate, xxxviii. 

spectatus, a, urn, part, and adj. 
(specto). Tried, tested, proved. 

specto, are, dvi, dtum, v. tr. freq. 
(specio, to look). To watch, observe, 
view ; to test, examine, try. 

spero, are, avi, dtum, v. tr. To 
hope, trust, expect, look for. 

spes, spei, f. Hope, expectation ; 
in spe habere, to have reason to hope 
for, xxxi. 

Spintlier, eris, m. P. Cornelius 
Lentulus Spinther, aedile 63 B. C, 

XL VII. 

spiro, are, avi, alum, v. intr. To 
breathe. 

spolio, are, avi, atum, v. tr. 
(spolium). To strip ; to rob, plun- 
der, pillage, spoil, despoil. 

spolium, ii, n. Spoil, plunder, 
booty. 

Statilius, ii, m. L. Statilius, a 
knight, one of Catiline's accomplices, 
xvii., etc. 

statuo, ere, ui, utum, v. tr. (sta- 
tus). To put, place, set; to fix, 
establish, appoint ; to decide, de- 
termine. 

status, us, m. (sto, to stand). 
Position ; condition, situation, state ; 
statum dignitatis obtinere, to main- 
tain one's dignity, xxxv. 



154 



STIMULO— SUM 



stimulo, are, dvi, atum, v. tr. 
(stimulus, a goad). To prick ; to 
impel, drive, urge on, incite. 

stipator, oris, m. (stipo, to at- 
tend). An attendant ; pi., attend- 
ants, train, retinue. 

stipendium, ii, n. (stips, a con- 
tribution, pendo). A tax, impost, 
tribute. 

stirps, siirpis, f . A stock, stem ; 
a root ; ah stirpe, utterly, x. 

strenuus, a, um, adj. Prompt, 
active, vigorous, strenuous, ener- 
getic, courageous, brave. 

stiideo, ere, ui, v. intr. To be 
eager or zealous ; to be prejudiced 
in favor of, to favor ; to be eager 
for, strive for, desire, wish. 

studium, ii, n. (studeo). Zeal, 
eagerness ; fondness, taste, inclina- 
tion, desire, interest ; pursuit, en- 
deavor ; good-will, attachment, de- 
votion. 

stultns, a, wm, adj. Foolish, 
silly, unwise. 

stuprum, i, n. Disgrace ; de- 
bauchery; an act of licentiousness 
or debauchery, xv. ; stuprum cor- 
poris, prostitution, xxiv. ; stupri 
consuetudo, an illicit intimacy, xxiii. 

sua-met. See G. 185, note 2. 

sub, prep, with acc. and abl. G. 
435, 1. Under ; sub ipsis radicibus, 
at the very foot, ltii. 

sub-dolus, a, um, adj. Crafty, 
cunning, deceitful. 

sub-duco, ere, duxi, ductum, v. 
tr. To draw from below ; to draw 
off, withdraw, lead up. 

sub-igo, ere, egi, actum, v. tr. 
(ago). To bring under, put down, 
conquer, subjugate, subdue; to 
bring, incite, impel, x. 



sublatus, a, um, part, from 
tollo. 

sub-lero, are, avi, atum, v. tr. 
(levo, to relieve). To support; to 
assist, encourage, console. 

sub-sidium, ii, n. (sedeo, to sit). 
The troops stationed in reserve, the 
line of reserve, the reserve, lix. ; 
support, assistance, aid. 

sub-verto, ere, verti, versum, v. 
tr. (verto, to turn). To upturn, over- 
throw, throw down, xm. ; to ruin, 
destroy, subvert. 

snccurro, ere, curri, cursum, v. 
intr. (sub, curro, to run). To run 
under ; to run or hasten to one's aid 
or assistance, lx. 

sudes, is, f. A stake, stick. 

.sui, pers. pron. Of himself, her- 
self, itself, themselves ; of him, her, 
it, them ; inter se, v., see G.448,note. 

Sulla, ae, m. 1. L. Cornelius 
Sulla, the opponent of Marius, Dic- 
tator from 82 to 80 B. C, v. etc. — 
2. Ser. Cornelius Sulla, brother of 
the Dictator, xvn. — 3. P. Cornelius 
Sulla, a kinsman of the Dictator, con- 
victed of bribery when consul elect, 
66 B. C, xviii.— 4. P. Cornelius 
Sulla, son of Servius mentioned 
above, a senator, one of Catiline's 
accomplices, xvn. — 5. Ser. Cornelius 
Sulla, brother of Publius just men- 
tioned, a senator, one of Catiline's 
accomplices, xvn., xlvii. 

Sullanus, a, um, adj. (Sulla). Of 
Sulla. 

sum, esse, fui, v. intr. To be, 
exist ; with dot. of possessor, to have, 
possess, xxix. ; with abl. of charac- 
teristic, to possess, be of, have, v. ; 
cum telo esse, to go armed ; ante esse, 
to surpass, liii. 



SUMMITS — TAETER 



155 



summus, a, wm, adj. sup. G. 
163, 3. (superus y upper). Highest, 
greatest, utmost, very great, su- 
preme, chief ; summum supplicium, 
capital punishment, li. 

sumo, ere, sumpsi, sumptum, v. 
tr. To take, take up ; to use, em- 
ploy, adopt ; supplicium sumere y to 
inflict punishment ; pecunia sumpta 
mutua^ money hired, xxiv. 

sumptus, ws, m. (sumo). Expense, 
cost ; expenditure ; extravagance. 

super, adv. Above. 

superbia, ae y f. (superbus). 
Haughtiness, pride, insolence, arro- 
gance. 

superbus, a y urn, adj. {super). 
Haughty, arrogant, insolent. 

superior, us, adj. comp. G. 163, 
3. (superus, upper). Higher ; for- 
mer, previous, earlier ; superior. 

supero, are, avi, atum, v. intr. 
and tr. (super). To go over ; to be 
abundant, abound, exist in abun- 
dance, xx. ; to prove superior to ; 
to overcome, subdue, conquer. 

supervacaneus, a, um, adj. 
(supervacuus, needless). Needless, 
unnecessary ; not necessary, lviii. 

suppeto, ere,petivi or iiy petition, 
v. intr. (suby peto). To be at hand, 
be present, present itself. 

supplex, iris, adj. Entreating, 
beseeching, imploring, suppliant. 

supplicium, iiy n. (supplex). 
Tublic prayer, worship, religious 
service, ix. ; entreaty, supplication, 
Lri. ; punishment, penalty ; capital 
punishment, L. 

supra, adv. (superus, upper). 
Above ; formerly, further back ; su- 
pra repetere y to review the past, v. ; 
more, to a greater degree, v. 



supra, prep, with acc. (superus, 
upper). Above, over, beyond ; supra 
caputy over one's head, at the very 
gates, lii. 

Sura, aey m. P. Cornelius Len- 
tulus Sura, a senator, one of the 
most prominent of Catiline's accom- 
plices, XVII. 

suscipio, ere, cepiy ccpturtiy v. tr. 
(suby capio). To take up ; to take 
upon one's self, undertake, enter 
upon, engage in. 

suspectus, a, wm, adj. (suspicio, 
to suspect). Suspected, distrusted, 
mistrusted, an object of suspicion. 

suspTcio, onisy f. (suspicioy to 
suspect). Suspicion, mistrust, dis- 
trust. 

suspicor, an, atus surtiy v. dep. 
(suspicioy to suspect). To mistrust, 
suspect, distrust, apprehend. 

sustento, are, avi, aturriy v. tr. 
freq. (susftneo). To support, sustain. 

sustineo, ere, tmuiy (enturriy v. tr. 
(suby teneo). To support, sustain. 

suus, «, um y poss. adj. pron. (sui). 
His, her, its, their ; one's own. 

T. 

T. Abbr. for Titus. 

tabes, iSy f . (tdbeOy to waste away). 
A wasting away; a plague, pesti- 
lence, blight, xxxvi. 

tabula, aey f . A board ; an ac- 
count, table ; tabulae novae, new 
tables or accounts, a reduction of 
accounts, or of indebtedness, xxi. ; 
with or without picta, a painting, 
picture, xx., lii. 

taeter, tra y trum, adj. Offensive, 
foul, noisome, shocking, hideous, 
loathsome, repulsive, frightful. 



156 



TALIS — TIB. 



talis, e, adj. Such, of such a 
kind, nature, or character. 

tarn, adv. So far ; so. 

tamen, conj. and adv. Notwith- 
standing, nevertheless, yet, still. 

tametsi, conj. (tamen, etsi, al- 
though). Although, though, not- 
withstanding $ with tamen follow- 
ing, in., etc. 

tam-quam, adv. As if, as it 
were, so to speak. 

tandem, adv. (tarn). At length, 
at last, finally ; pray, indeed, xx. 

tantum, adv. (tantus). So much ; 
only, merely; tantum modo, only, 
but, merely. 

tantus, a, um, adj. (tarn). So 
great, so powerful, so important, so 
influential, such; as great; tanto, 
n. abl., with comp., by so much, so 
much the, the, lii. 

tarde, adv. (ta?*dus). Slowly, 
tardily, late. 

tardus, a, um, adj. Slow, slug- 
gish, tardy. 

Tarquinius, ii, m. L. Tar- 
quinius, arrested and brought before 
the senate as one of Catiline's ac- 
complices, XLVIII. 

Tarracinensis, £s, m. and f. 
( Tarracina). A Tarracinian, an in- 
habitant of Tarracina, a town in 
Latium, xlvi. 

tego, ere, text, tectum, v. tr. To 
cover ; to protect, defend. 

telum, i, n. A missile weapon ; 
a weapon ; cum telo or telis, armed, 
under arms; cum telo esse, to go 
armed, xxvii. 

temere, adv. Rashly, heedlessly, 
thoughtlessly, inconsiderately, with- 
out reason, hastily. 

tempero, are, avi, atum, v. tr. 



and intr. To qualify, temper; to 
be moderate or temperate ; victoriae 
temperare, to use victory with mod- 
eration, XI. 

tempest as, at is, f. (iempus). A 
space of time ; a time, season, pe- 
riod, occasion, emergency. 

templum, i, n. A consecrated 
place ; a sanctuary, temple. 

tempus, oris, n. Time; oppor- 
tunity, occasion, exigency, circum- 
stances. 

tendo, ere, tetendi, tentum or ten- 
sum, v. tr. and intr. To stretch, 
stretch out, extend ; to lay, prepare, 
xxvii. ; to exert one's self, lx. 

tene brae, arum, f . pi. Darkness. 

teneo, ere, ui, turn, v. tr. To 
hold, keep, possess, occupy ; to take. 

tento, are, avi, atum, v. tr. freq. 
(tendo). To touch ; to attack, as- 
sail, vi. ; to try, attempt ; to tempt, 
sound, tamper with, try to influence 
or win over, xvn. 

Terentius, ii, m. Cn. Tcrentius, 
a senator, xlvii. 

terra, ae, f. The earth; land; 
a land, country ; terrarum orbis, the 
globe, world, earth, vin. 

terreo, ere, ui, xtum, v. tr. To 
frighten, alarm, terrify. 

terribilis, e, adj. (terreo). Fright- 
ful, dreadful, terrible. 

tertius, a, urn, num. adj. (ter, 
thrice). The third. 

testis, is, m. and f. A witness. 

test or, ari, atus sum, v. dep. 
(testis). To testify; to call or in- 
voke to witness. 

tetrarches, ae, m. (a Greek 
word). A tetrarch, governor. 

texi. See tego. 

Tib. Abbr. for Tiberius. 



TIBERIUS 

Tiberius, ii, m. Tiberius, a Ro- 
man praenomen. 

timeo, ere, ui, v. tr. and intr. 
To fear, dread ; to respect, li. 

timidus, a, um, adj. (timco). 
Fearful, afraid, cowardly, timid. 

timor, oris, m. (timeo). Fear, 
dread, apprehension, alarm. 

Titus, i, m. Titus, a Roman 
praenomen. 

tolero, are, dvi, alum, v. tr. To 
bear, support, endure, sustain, main- 
tain ; to keep off, withstand. 

tollo, ere, sustuli, subldtum, v. tr. 
To raise, exalt, extol ; to take away, 
remove ; sublato auctore, without 
naming the informant, xxiii. 

toreuma, dtis, n. (a Greek word). 
Embossed work ; a specimen of em- 
bossed work, a vase. 

torpesco, ere, torpui, v. intr. in- 
cep. (torpeo, to be torpid). To grow 
torpid, become languid, dull, or in- 
active. 

Torquatus, i, m. 1. T. Manlius 
Torquatus, twice dictator and thrice 
consul in the fourth century B. C, 
Lit. — 2. L. Manlius Torquatus, con- 
sul 65 B. C, xviii. 

totus, a, um, adj. G. 151. The 
whole, all, entire ; the whole of. 

tracto, are, dvi, dtum, v. tr. freq. 
(traho). To draw ; to manage, have 
charge of, li. ; to treat, use. 

trado, ere, didi, ditum, v. tr. 
{trans, do). To give up, hand over, 
deliver, surrender, give over. 

traho, ere, traxi, tractum, v. tr. 
To draw ; to carry or drag away to 
death or execution, li. ; to carry off, 
plunder, xi. ; to make way with, 
dissipate, squander, xx. ; to lead or 
turn away, divert, vn. 



I— TRIBUO 157 

trames, itis, m. (trdmeo, to go 
over). Aby-path, foot-path, crossway. 

tranquillus, a, um, adj. Quiet, 
calm, tranquil, peaceful. 

traus, prep, with acc. Across, 
beyond. 

Trans - alplnus, a, um, adj. 
(Alpes, the Alps). Transalpine, 
situated beyond or north of the 
Alps ; Gallia Transalpine, Transal- 
pine Gaul, the Roman Province in 
Gaul, lvii. 

trans-eo, ire, ii, itum, v. tr. To 
go across ; to go through, pass, spend. 

trans-f ero, ferre, tuli, latum, v. 
tr. To carry over, transfer ; to 
change, put off, defer. 

Trans-padanus, i, m. (Padus). 
A Transpadane or citizen of North- 
ern Italy, one living north of the 
river Padus or Po, xlix. 

trepido, are, dvi, dtum, v. intr. 
{trepidus, agitated). To be in con- 
fusion, agitation, or trepidation, be 
agitated. 

tres, tria, num. adj. Three, 
tres-viri, drum, m. pi. Three 
commissioners, the members of a 
board of three officials associated in 
the performance of public business. 

tribiinicius, a, um, adj. (tribu- 
nus). Of the tribune or tribunes. 

tribunus, i, m. (tribus, a tribe). 
A commander, tribune : 1. A mili- 
tary tribune, tribune of the soldiers ; 
each legion had six, who commanded 
in turn, each for two months of the 
year, lix. — 2. A tribune of the peo- 
ple, an officer intrusted with the de- 
fence of the interests of the ple- 
beians against the patricians. 

tribuo, ere, ui, utum, v. tr. To 
impart, give. 



158 



TRIGINTA — UNUS 



trlginta, num. adj. indecl. Thirty. 

tristitia, ae, f . (tristis, sad). Sad- 
ness, dejection, gloom. 

triumpho, are, dvi, dtum, v. intr. 
(triumphus, a triumph). To enjoy 
the honor of a triumphal pageant, 
to triumph. 

Trojani, drum, m. pi. (Troja, 
Troy). The Trojans, the inhabitants 
of Troy in Asia Minor. 

trucldo, are, dvi, dtum, v. tr. 
To cut to pieces, slaughter, butch- 
er. 

tu, tui, pers. pron. Thou, you. 

tiiba, ae, f . A trumpet. 

tueor, eri, tuitus or tutus sum, v. 
dep. To defend, protect. 

Tullianum, i, n. The Tullia- 
num, a subterranean dungeon in the 
state-prison at Rome, lv. 

Tullius, ii, m. M. Tullius Cicero, 
the celebrated orator, consul 63 B. C, 

XXIV., XXXI., LI. 

turn, adv. Then, at that time; 
etiam turn, still, n. 

tumultus, us, m. (tumeo, to 
swell). A disturbance, confusion, 
xliii. ; a revolt, insurrection, lix. 

turba, ae, f. Turmoil, disorder, 
commotion, disturbance. 

tnrpitudo, mis, f. (turpis, un- 
seemly). Deformity ; disgrace, dis- 
honor, infamy, shame ; per turpi- 
tudinem, shamefully, disgracefully, 

XIII. 

Tusci, orum, m. pi. The Tus- 
cans, Etruscans, or Etrurians, the 
inhabitants of Etruria, the district 
of Italy north of Rome, Li. 

tutus, a, um, part, and adj. 
(tueor). Protected, safe, secure. 

tuus, a, um, poss. pron. adj. (tu). 
Thy, your. 



IT. 

ubi, adv. Where, wherein, where- 
by, in which, xx. ; when, after ; ubi 
primum, as soon as, xxxix., XL. 

ubl-que, adv. Anywhere, every- 
where. 

ulciscor, i, ultus sum., v. dep. 
To avenge; maxime ultus sangui- 
nem perit, he sells his life most 
dearly, xxxiii. 

ullus, a, um, adj. G. 151. (unus). 
Any. 

ulterior, us, adj. comp. G. 166. 
(ultra). Further, on the further 
side ; the more remote ; ulterior 
Gallia, Farther Gaul, Gaul beyond 
or north of the Alps, the Roman 
Province in Gaul, xlii. 

ultra, adv. Beyond, further; 
thereafter, afterward. 

ultus, a, um, part, from ulciscor. 

Umbrenus, i, m. P. Umbrenus, 
a f reedman, Catiline's agent in in- 
stigating the Allobroges to revolt, 

XL., L. 

una, adv. (unus). At the same 
time, together; vobiscum una, to- 
gether with you, xx. 

nude, adv. From which place, 
whence. 

un clique, adv. (unde, que). From 
all parts ; on all sides, everywhere, 
on every side. 

universus, a, um, adj. (unus, 
verto, to turn). All together, col- 
lectively. 

unquam, adv. (unus, quam). At 
any time, ever. 

unus, a, um, adj. G. 175. One, 
single ; in unum, together, xvn. ; 
in una moenia, within the walls of 



UNUSQUISQUE — VECORDIA 



159 



a single city, vi. ; unus quisque, each 
one, each, xxi. 

unus quisque, una-quaeque, 
unum-quicque, indef. pron. G. 175; 
190, 2) foot-n. 1. Each one, each. lix. 

urbanus, a, wm, adj. (urbs). Of 
or relating to the city, in the city. 

urbs, urbis, f. A city ; the city 
of Rome, xxiv., etc. 

urgeo, ere, ursi, v. tr. To press, 
urge ; faucibus urgere, to seize by 
the throat, lii. 

usque, adv. Continuously ; even 
until ; usque eo, to such an extent, 

XLIX. 

iisus, a, wm, part, from utor. 

iisus, us, m. (Utor). Use, em- 
ployment ; practice, exercise, experi- 
ence; service, advantage, interest, 
lt. ; usui esse, to be useful, advan- 
tageous, or serviceable, be of use, 
xxxii., xxxix. ; in usu cotidiano, in 
articles of daily use, xlviii. 

fit or uti, adv. and conj. How ; 
as, just as, like ; in proportion as ; 
that, in order that. 

fiter-que, utraque, utrumque, 
adj. G.151,note2. (liter, which of the 
two ? either of the two). Each of 
the two, both, each. 

uti, adv. and conj. See ut. 

iitilis, e, adj. (utor). Useful, 
serviceable, profitable, advantage- 
ous, beneficial. 

utor, i, iisus sum, v. dep. To 
use, make use of, avail one's self of, 
employ, exercise, take advantage of, 
enjoy. 

utpote, adv. Inasmuch as, 
since ; utpote qui, since or because 
he, lvii. 

iitrimque, adv. (uterque). From 
or on both sides. 



v. 

vacuus, a, um, adj. (vaco, to be 
vacant). Free from, devoid of, with- 
out ; vacant ; accessible, open to at- 
tack, unguarded, defenceless, lii. 

vagor, dri, dtus sum, v. dep. 
(vagus, roaming). To wander, roam, 
range. 

valeo, ere, ui, xtum, v. intr. To 
be strong or powerful, have strength, 
power, or force, have weight or in- 
fluence ; to be effectual, prevail, 
succeed ; to be in force. 

Valerius, ii, m. L. Valerius 
Flaccus, a praetor under Cicero, 

XLV. 

validus, a, um, adj. (valeo). 
Strong, energetic, active, effective, 
efficient. 

vanitas, atis, f. (vanus). Emp- 
tiness ; indiscretion, xxiii. 

vanus, a, um, adj. Empty ; idle, 
vain, futile, lii. ; ineffective, ineffi- 
cient, inert, xx. 

Vargunteius, ii, m. L. Var- 
gunteius, a senator, one of Catiline's 
accomplices, xyii., xxviii., xlvii. 

varie, adv. (varius). In differ- 
ent ways, variously, differently. 

varius, a, um, adj. Diverse, 
manifold, various ; versatile, v. 

vas, vdsis, n., pi. vdsa, drum. A 
vessel ; a vase. 

vasto, are, dvi, dtum, v. tr. (vas- 
tus). To devastate ; to harass, dis- 
tract, xv. 

vastus, a, um, adj. Waste, de- 
solate; enormous, monstrous, in- 
satiate, insatiable, v. 

ve, conj. enclitic, (vel). Or. 

vecordia, ae, f. (vecors, sense- 



160 



VECTIGAL — VICINITAS 



less). Senselessness; madness, in- 
sanity, insensate character. 

vectigal, dlis, n. (veho, to carry). 
A tax, tribute ; revenue. 

vectigalis, e, adj. (vectigal). 
Tributary, paying tribute. 

vehemens, ends, adj. Eager, 
violent, impetuous. 

vehementer, adv. (vehemens). 
Ardently, strongly, very much, 
greatly. 

vel, conj. Or; vel . . . ^eith- 
er .. . or. 

velle. See vblo. 

vel-ut, vel-uti, adv. Even as, 
just as, like as, as, like ; just as if, 
as if. 

venalis, e, adj. (venus, sale). For 
sale ; to be bought and sold, x. 

vendo, ere, didi, ditum, v. tr. 
(venus, sale, do, to place). To sell. 

venenum, i, n. A drug, medi- 
cine ; venenum malum, poison, xi. 

venio, Ire, veni, ventum, v. intr. 
To come, arrive ; in passive imper- 
sonally : ad eum ventum est, he was 
reached, his turn arrived, l. ; ven- 
tum est (ab illis), they arrived, they 
came, lx. 

Tenor, dri, dtus sum, v. dep. To 
hunt, engage in the chase. 

venter, iris, m. The belly ; ap- 
petite. 

verber, eris, n. A lash ; a lash- 
ing, scourging. 

verbero, are, avi, dtum, v. tr. (ver- 
ier). To lash, scourge, flog, beat. 

verbum, i, n. A word; verba, 
words, language, description, narra- 
tion, viii. ; verbis, orally, xliv. 

vere, adv. (verus). Truly, cor- 
rectly, exactly, accurately. 

vereor, eri, verities sum, v. dep. 



To revere; to fear, dread, appre- 
hend. 

vero, adv. and conj. (verus). In 
truth, in fact, indeed, truly, as- 
suredly ; but. 

verso, are, avi, dtum, v. tr. f req. 
(verto, to turn). To turn repeatedly. 
Versor, dri, dtus sum, to turn one's 
self; to be occupied, engaged, or 
busied, lx. 

versus, adv. Turned in the di- 
rection of, toward ; in Galliam ver- 
sus, in the direction of Gaul, lvi. 

versus, us, m. (verto, to turn). A 
verse. 

verum, i, n. (verus). The truth, 
reality, fact ; pro vero, as true, li. 

verum, adv. and conj. Truly, 
indeed; but. 

verus, a, um, adj. True ; right, 
proper. 

vescor, i, v. dep. To eat. 

Vesta, ae, f. Vesta, the goddess 
of the household. 

vester, tra, trum, poss. pron. 
adj. (vos). Your. 

ve s time n turn, £, n. (vestio, to 
clothe). A garment, an article of 
clothing. 

veteranus, a, um, adj. (vetus). 
Old, veteran. Veierdni, pi., veteran 
soldiers, veterans, lx. 

veto, are, vetui, vetitum, v. tr. 
To forbid, prohibit. 

vetus, eris, adj. G. 167, 2. Old, 
long-standing, ancient ; former, xvi. 

vexo, are, dvi, dtum, v. tr. freq. 
(velio, to calry). To agitate, dis- 
turb; to trouble, vex, harass, dis- 
quiet ; to corrupt, v. ; to waste, 
squander, lavish, dissipate, xx. 

vlci. See vinco. 

viclnitas, dtis, f . (viclnus, neigh- 



VICTOR— VISUS 



161 



boring). The neighborhood, vicin- 1 
ity ; those dwelling in the neighbor- 
hood. 

victor, oris, m. (vinco). A con- 
queror, victor ; as adj. victorious, 
when victorious. 

victoria, ae, f. (victor). Victory, 
success. 

victus, a, um, part, from vinco. 

victus, us, m. (vivo). Mode of 
living ; food, xxxvn. 

vlcus, i, m. A quarter or dis- 
trict of the city, a street. 

videlicet, adv. (,= videre licet). 
Clearly, plainly, evidently, manifest- 
ly, of course, forsooth, doubtless. 

video, ere, vidi, visum, v. tr. To 
see, behold, perceive ; to discover. 
Videor, eri, visus sum, to seem, 
appear. 

vigeo, ere, v. intr. To be vigor- 
ous ; aetas, to be in its vigor or 
bloom, xx. ; to prevail, be rife, in. 

vlgesimus or vlcesimus, a, um, 
num. adj. (viginti, twenty). The 
twentieth. 

vigilia, ae, f . (vigil). A keeping 
awake, wakefulness, sleeplessness, 
vigil ; ncque vigiliis neque quietibus, 
neither by vigils nor by slumbers, 
neither awake nor asleep, xv. ; a 
watching, watch, guard. 

vigilo, are, avi, atum, v. intr. 
(vigil, awake). To watch, keep 
awake ; to be watchful or vigilant, 
be on the alert. 

vllis, e, adj. Cheap ; vilem ha- 
bere, to disdain, disregard, make 
light of, hold in contempt, set at 
naught, xvi. 

villa, ae, f. A country-house, 
country-seat, farm, villa. 

vinco, ere, vici, victum, v. tr. and 



intr. To conquer, overcome, defeat, 
vanquish ; to exhaust, xx. ; to be 
victorious, prevail. 

vinculum, i, n. (vincio, to bind). 
A bond, fetter, chain ; imprison- 
ment, confinement; in vincula con- 
jicere, to throw into prison, impris- 
on, XLII. 

vindex, icis, m. and f. (vindico). 
A vindicator ; an executioner, lv. 

vindico, are, avi, atum, v. tr. To 
claim ; to reassume ; to restore ; nos- 
met in libertatcm, restore ourselves 
to freedom, xx. ; to punish, inflict 
punishment, ix. 

vinum, i, n. Wine. 

violentia, ae, f. (violcntus, vio- 
lent). Violence, ferocity, cruelty. 

vir, viri, m. A man ; a husband. 

vires, ium. See vis. 

virgo, mis, f. (vireo, to bloom). 
A maid, maiden, virgin. 

virilis, e, adj. (vir). Of man, 
man's, xi. ; of a man, masculine, 
like that of a man, xxv. ; manly, 
worthy of a man, xx. 

virtus, utis, f. (vir). Manliness ; 
strength, vigor, energy, power, prin- 
ciple ; bravery, courage, valor ; 
worth, excellence, ability; good- 
ness, virtue ; per virtuiem, bravely, 
xx. ; virtus animi, courageous spirit, 

LIU. 

vis, vis, f. G. 66. Strength, 
force, power ; tanta vis hominis, a 
man of so great power, xlviii. ; vio- 
lence ; vires, pi., strength, physical 
powers, i. 

viso, ere, visi, visum, v. tr. freq. 
(video). To look at, view, behold ; 
to examine, inspect, or view the 
scene, lxi. ; to go to see, visit. 

visus, a, um, part, from video. 



162 



VITA — VULTUS 



vita, ae, f. (vivo). Life, exist- 
ence ; vitam habere, to live, tl. 

vitium, ii y n. A fault, vice, 
crime. 

vivo, tire, vizij victum, v. intr. To 
live, exist. 

vlvus, a } um, adj. (vivo). Alive, 
living, while living. 

vix, adv. With difficulty, hardly, 
scarcely. 

vocabulnm, i, n. (voco). An ap- 
pellation, designation, name. 

voco, are, avi, atum, v. tr. To 
call, summon. 

volens, entis y part, and adj. (volo). 
Willing ; favorable ; volentibus bo- 
nis, with the consent or approval of 
the nobles, xxxiii. 

volo, velle, volui, v. tr. G. 293. 
To be willing ; to wish, desire. 

Volturcius, ii, m. T. Volturcius, 
a Crotonian, one of Catiline's ac- 
complices, xliv. — L., LII. 

voluntarius, w, m. (voluntas). 
A volunteer. 



voluntas, atis, f. (volo). Will, 
wish, desire. 

voluptarius, a y um, adj. (volup- 
tas). Delightful, fascinating, attrac- 
tive. 

voluptas, atisy f. (volupe, agree- 
ably). Satisfaction, enjoyment, 
pleasure. 

volvo, ere, volvi, volutum, v. 
tr. To roll; to turn or roll over, 
lxi. ; to turn over in mind, pon- 
der, consider, meditate upon, xxxn., 

XLI. 

votum, i, n. (voveo, to vow). A 
vow ; a prayer. 

vox, vocis, f. A voice. 

vulgus, i, n. The multitude, 
populace, xxix. ; the rabble, xx. 

vulnero, are, avi, atum, v. tr. 
(vuhius). To wound, hurt, injure. 

vnlnus, eris, n. A wound. 

vultus, us, m. The expression 
of the countenance, expression, 
countenance ; the features, looks, 
aspect ; the face. 



TABLE OF KEFEKENCES. 



The grammatical references in this work are made to the Standard Edi- 
tion (1881) of the author's Latin Grammar; but for the convenience of 
those who may have the previous edition, this table is inserted, showing 
the corresponding sections in the two editions : — 



Page. Line 
1 2 



9 

12 
14 



16 
18 
20 
22 

2 7 
29 
30 
37 

3 17 



21 

22 
29 



37 

4 11 
12 
14 
15 

20 
26 
34 
36 

5 6 
10 
20 
32 



New. 

497 
421, I. 
421, L 
184, f. n. 
529, I. 
520, I., 2 
460, 1, n, 
414, IV. 
414, IV., 
518, 2 

414, I. 
364 

518, f. n. 
542, I. 
429 
518, 2 
547 
561 

515, III. 

415, II. 
419, II. 
439, 2 
399, III. 
529, I. 
513 
397, 3 

535, II. 
529, I. 
547 

554, I., 6 

564, I. 

536, 1 
390, n. 2 
542, IV., 
542, I., n 
231, 2 
399, II. 
529, II. 

565, 2 
362, 2, n. 
420 

8 



OlcL 

491 
419 
419 
184, 3 

525 

523, I. 
460, 2, 1) 
419 
n.3 419, 3, 1) 
486,5 
419 
363,4 

2 523, 3, 2) 
563 
426 
486,5 
570 
594 
515 

425, 3, 1) 
428, 1 
439, 2, 3) 
399, 2 
525 
503 

396, III., 2 
558, VI., 3 
525 
570 

587, I., 6. 

597, I. 
545, 1 
390, 2 

(1) 565, 1. 
. 2 563, 5 
225, 2 
399, 2 
527, 3 

598, 3 

3 362, 2, (3) 
414 



Page. Line. 

5 37 

6 1 
10 
14 

19 

33 
35 

7 8 

10 
11 
13 
24 



30 
19 

22 
28 
30 
2 
6 



10 



17 
22 
23 
32 



33 



11 8 
12 
13 
19 



. New. 
306 
414 
439, 2 

374, 2, n. 3, 
f. n. 4 

536, 1 

562 

497 

497,11., 2 
419, II. 
385, IL, 1 
636, 1., 1 
362, 2, n. 3 
404, n. 1 
513, II. 
539, I. 
421, I. 
425. II., 2 
503; I. 
636, III., 7 
516, II., 2 
385, II., n.3 
636, IV., 6 
564, 1. 
536,1 
497, II. 
425, 1, n. 
642 

636, II., 1 
396, V. 
533, II., 3, 

n. 3 
525, 2 
523, I. 
239 
503, I. 
636, III., 7 
439, 2 
429 
416 
529, I. 



Old. 
444, 1 & 4 
425 

439, 2, 3) 

374,4 
545,1 
595 
489 
497 
428 
385, 3 
704, 1., 1 
362, 2, (3) 
402, III., 1 
503, II. 
553, 1. 
419 

422, 1, 1) 
501, I. 
704, II., 6 
520,3 
385, 2 
704, III., 4 
597, I. 
545, 1 
491 

419, II. 
708 

704, I., 2 
396, IV. 

563, 6 
532, 4 
530, I. 
238 
501, I. 
704, IL, 6 
439, 2, 3) 
426 
414 
525 



164 



TABLE OF REFERENCES. 



Paee. Line. 

11 30 

35 
37 

12 14 
22 
28 
33 

6 



13 



13 
14 
16 
21 
26 
28 
36 
14 12 
16 
23 
28 
4 
12 
15 
19 
34 
37 



15 



16 



17 



11 

13 

18 
3 
6 
9 

11 



19 



New. 

460, 1, n. 2 
414, IV. 
497 

421, I. 
529, 1. 
364 
409 

497, II. 

497, II., 2 
399, I., 3, 

n.l 
425, II., 1 

414, II. 
185, n. 2 
493, 1 
542, III. 

461, l,n.2 
425, II., 1 
374, 2, n. 2 
485, n. 1 
525, 2 

498, II. 
425, II. 

524, 2,2) 

525, 2 
546 

419, II. 
498, 1. 
499,2 
397,3 
425, II. 
644, II. 
642, III., 3 
642, III., 4 
429 

642, III., 2 
425, 1.&II. 
380, II. 
380, 1. 
501, 1., 1 
513, II. 
549, 5 

415, II. 
523, III. 
414, IV.,n.2 
549,5, n.2 
380, II., 2 



Old. 
460, 2, 1) 
419 
500 
419 
525 
363,4 
410 
489 
497 

399,6 
422, 1 
425, 3, 3) 
185,2 
481, II., 1 
565 

461, 1, 3) 
422, 1 

374, 3,2) & 4) 

486,4 

532,4 

492, 1 
421, 2 
531,4 
532,4 
569 
428 
492,3 

493, 2 

396, III., 2,3) 
421, II. 
710, II. 
708, III., 3 
708, III., 4 
426 

708, III., 2 

421 

379 

379,4 

495, 2 

508 

579 

425, 3, 1) 
529; 530,11. 
419,3 
580 
379,3 



Page. Line. 

17 22 

29 
36 



18 


24 




36 


19 


17 




26 


20 


19 


21 


9 




29 




38 




37 


22 


2 




15 




26 


23 


1 




24 




25 




28 


24 


15 




32 


25 


3 




28 


28 


13 


29 


13 


30 


10 


31 


2 




11 


32 


7 




34 


34 


20 




32 




33 


35 


1 


36 


14 




21 


37 


15 




25 


38 


12 




18 




36 


39 


17 



547 

523, I., n. 
399, I., 3 
414, III. 
516, II., 2 
414 

409, III.,n.2 
546 

554, 1., 2 
504, 1, n. 
529, I. 
523, 1., n. 

414, I. 
391, II., 4 
393, n. 
431,2, (2) 
529, II., 2) 
499, 2 
297,2 

523 
524 
526 

542, I., n. 2 
430 

410, V., 3 
549, n. 2 
353, 2, n. 4 

409, II. 

410, V., 1 

553, 1 
404, n. 1 
513, II. 

415, in.,n.l 
504, 1, n. 
503, I. 
497, I. 

423 
419, 1. 
388, 1, n. 
414, IV. 
422, n. 2 
499,2 
417, n. 2 

554, L, 6 
485, n. 1 
562 



Old. 
570 
530, 1 

399, 2, 2), (3) 
419, III. 
520, 3 
425 
410,2 
569 

587, 1., 2 
498, 3 
525 
530, 1 
425, 2, 2) 
399, 3, 3) 
393, 1 
431, 2, (3) 
527,2 
493, 2 
297, 1. 
530 
531 
533 
563,5 
427 

409, 3 
580 

346, II., 2, 4) 

410, II. 
409, 1 
585, 1 
402, 2, 2) 
503, II. 
434, 2 
498, 3 
501, 1. 
500, 1 
418 
414,7 
388, 1, 2) 
419 
416,2 
493,2 
417,3 
587, 1., 6 
486, III., 4 
595 



DICTIONARY. 



New. 
434 
231,5 



adeptus 
adipiscor 231 
adulescen- 

tulus 321 
amb 308 
an 

atque 



Old. 
434,3 
225, 2 
225,2 

315, 1 
307 



353,2,& n.4 346, II., 2 
554 I., 3 587, L, 3 



brevis 
cum 
cleus 
di 

dicio 
dies 
dis 
Alius 



New. Old. 
429,l,f.n. 426, 2,2),(3) 



184,6 
51,6 
308 
134 
123 
308 
51,5 



434, 5 
51, 5 
307 
133,2 
121 
307 
52,2 



TABLE OF REFERENCES. 



New. Old. 

in 344, 6 338, 3 

inter 448, n. 448, 1 

ipse 186, V. 186, 4, 4) 

iste 450, 1, n. 450, 3 

meus 185, n. 1 185, 1 

minus 497, II., 2 499 

multus 165, n. 1 165, 1 

ne 351, 1, n. 1 346, II., 1, 1) 

nonne 351, 1, n. 2 346, II., 1, 2) 

nosmet 184, 3 184, 6 

pax 133, 5 133, 4 

quidam 190, n. 1 191, 1 

quin 504, 1, n. 498, 3 

quisque 190, n. 1 191, 1 

quivis 190, n. 1 191, 1 



New. Old. 

quo 497, II., 2 499 

quum 517 518 

re 308 307 

reverter 272, 3 273, IIL 

se 308 307 

semet 184,3 184,6 

sese 184, 4 184, 7 

sestertium 646 712 

647 713, III. 

sol 133, 5 133, 4 

suamet 185, n. 2 185, 2 

sui 448, n. 448, 1 

unusquis- 

que 190,2,f.n.l 191, 5 

uterque 151, n. 2 151, 4 



All other references are the same in both editions. 



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Grammar. 12mo. 
Xenophon. See Boise, Owen, and Robbins. 

SYRIAC. 

Uhlemann. Syriac Grammar. Translated from the German by Enoch Hutch- 
inson. With a Course of Exercises in Syriac Grammar, a Chrestomathy, and 
brief Lexicon, prepared by the Translator. Second edition, with Corrections and 
Additions. 8vo. 

HEBREW. 

Gesenius. Hebrew Grammar. Edited by Rodtger. Translated from the last (the 
seventeenth) German edition by Conant. With an Index. 8vo. 



D. APPLETON & CO., Publishers, 

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